RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To verify, based on a systematic literature review, the effects of the main analgesics on male fertility. DATA SOURCES: The studies were analyzed from the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. STUDY SELECTION: The articles selected for the present review included: cohort studies; cross-sectional studies, clinical trials; complete studies; studies with animal models that addressed the proposed theme and that were published within the stipulated period from March 1, 2013, to March 31, 2023, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. These would later have to go through inclusion stages such as framing the type of study and exclusion criteria. DATA COLLECTION: Author's name, year of publication, study population, number of patients, analgesic, administration time, dose, and effect. CONCLUSIONS: There are in vitro and in vivo studies that link paracetamol and ibuprofen to endocrine and seminal changes that are harmful to male fertility. However, more clinical research is needed to determine the doses and timing of administration that affect fertility. The effects of aspirin on male fertility are still unclear due to the lack of studies and consistent methodologies. There is not enough research on dipyrone and its relationship with male fertility, requiring more studies in this area.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Fertilidade , Humanos , Masculino , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Infertilidade Masculina/induzido quimicamente , Infertilidade Masculina/tratamento farmacológico , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Acetaminofen/efeitos adversos , Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Animais , Dipirona/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) population holds significant relevance concerning exercise and sports practices. Specific challenges are highlighted, such as physical inactivity driven by internal and external reasons, including discrimination in sports environments. Psychological aspects and hormonal therapy effects create implications for hindering participation in sports competitions. Disparities in cardiovascular risk factors are also mentioned, emphasizing the need for inclusive sports policies based on scientific evidence. The article underscores the importance of addressing social, psychological, and medical aspects to promote the physical and mental health of the TGD population, particularly in the professional sports area.
La población trans y de género diverso (TGD) tiene una gran relevancia en relación con la práctica de ejercicio y deporte. Se destacan desafíos específicos, como la inactividad física motivada por razones internas y externas, incluida la discriminación en entornos deportivos. Existen aspectos psicológicos y efectos de la terapia hormonal que generan implicaciones para la dificultar participación en competiciones deportivas. También se menciona la disparidad en los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y se plantea la necesidad de políticas deportivas inclusivas basadas en evidencia científica. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de abordar los aspectos sociales, psicológicos y médicos para promover la salud física y mental de la población TGD, especialmente en el ámbito deportivo profesional.
Assuntos
Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
Resumen La población trans y de género diverso (TGD) tiene una gran relevancia en relación con la práctica de ejercicio y deporte. Se destacan desafíos específicos, como la inactividad física motivada por razones internas y externas, incluida la discriminación en entornos deportivos. Existen aspectos psicológicos y efectos de la terapia hormonal que generan implicaciones para la dificultar participación en competiciones deportivas. También se menciona la disparidad en los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y se plantea la necesidad de políticas deportivas inclusivas basadas en evidencia científica. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de abordar los aspectos sociales, psicológicos y médicos para promover la salud física y mental de la población TGD, especialmente en el ámbito deportivo profesional.
Abstract The transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) population holds significant relevance concerning exercise and sports practices. Specific challenges are highlighted, such as physical inactivity driven by internal and external reasons, including discrimination in sports environments. Psychological aspects and hormonal therapy effects create implications for hindering participation in sports competitions. Disparities in cardiovascular risk factors are also mentioned, emphasizing the need for inclusive sports policies based on scientific evidence. The article underscores the importance of addressing social, psychological, and medical aspects to promote the physical and mental health of the TGD population, particularly in the professional sports area.
RESUMO
The ultrasonographic exam is of great value in animal reproduction and veterinary obstetrics, because it allows gestational diagnosis and monitoring, as well as the evaluation of the female reproductive system, providing diagnosis of the reproductive state and estrous phase of females. One of the techniques that has been employed in the field of theriogenology is the Doppler Mode, which allows qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the hemodynamics of reproductive organs. Several studies were carried out in attempt to elucidate the ultrasonographic aspect of the uterus and ovaries of bitches during the different phases of the estrous cycle in B mode and Doppler mode. The objective of the present study is to review the information present in the literature regarding the sonographic changes of the reproductive organs of bitches during the different hormonal phases.(AU)
O exame ultrassonográfico tem grande importância na reprodução animal e obstetrícia veterinária, pois permite o diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional, bem como a avaliação do sistema reprodutor, proporcionando o diagnóstico do status reprodutivo e fase do ciclo estral. Uma das técnicas ultrassonográficas que vêm sendo empregadas no ramo da teriogenologia é o modo Doppler, que permite avaliações qualitativas e quantitativas da hemodinâmica dos órgãos da reprodução. Diversos estudos foram realizados na tentativa de elucidar o aspecto ultrassonográfico do útero e dos ovários das cadelas durante as diferentes fases do ciclo estral ao modo-B e ao modo Doppler. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as informações presentes na literatura a respeito das mudanças ultrassonográficas dos órgãos reprodutores da cadela durante as diferentes fases hormonais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Cães/fisiologia , Útero , Ovário , Ciclo Estral , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
The ultrasonographic exam is of great value in animal reproduction and veterinary obstetrics, because it allows gestational diagnosis and monitoring, as well as the evaluation of the female reproductive system, providing diagnosis of the reproductive state and estrous phase of females. One of the techniques that has been employed in the field of theriogenology is the Doppler Mode, which allows qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the hemodynamics of reproductive organs. Several studies were carried out in attempt to elucidate the ultrasonographic aspect of the uterus and ovaries of bitches during the different phases of the estrous cycle in B mode and Doppler mode. The objective of the present study is to review the information present in the literature regarding the sonographic changes of the reproductive organs of bitches during the different hormonal phases.
O exame ultrassonográfico tem grande importância na reprodução animal e obstetrícia veterinária, pois permite o diagnóstico e acompanhamento gestacional, bem como a avaliação do sistema reprodutor, proporcionando o diagnóstico do status reprodutivo e fase do ciclo estral. Uma das técnicas ultrassonográficas que vêm sendo empregadas no ramo da teriogenologia é o modo Doppler, que permite avaliações qualitativas e quantitativas da hemodinâmica dos órgãos da reprodução. Diversos estudos foram realizados na tentativa de elucidar o aspecto ultrassonográfico do útero e dos ovários das cadelas durante as diferentes fases do ciclo estral ao modo-B e ao modo Doppler. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as informações presentes na literatura a respeito das mudanças ultrassonográficas dos órgãos reprodutores da cadela durante as diferentes fases hormonais.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Ciclo Estral , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Cães/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica , Ovário , ÚteroRESUMO
Women are about twice more likely than men to suffer from depression, it has been hypothesized that reproductive events (i.e., premenstrual, pre and postpartum, menopausal transition) may represent vulnerability periods for depression, in part because of a heightened sensitivity to intense hormonal fluctuations. 1) Most women report physical or emotional symptoms premenstrually, some being severe enough to be diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD); some recent studies suggest that PMDD is biologically different from major depression; 2) While pregnancy does not increase the risk for depression, women with a past history of depression are at risk for recurrent episodes or relapse if antidepressant medications are discontinued; 3) Hormonal changes during the postpartum period may trigger symptoms of postpartum depression; 4) Almost half of perimenopausal women are clinically depressed, and over a third experience their first episode of depression in the perimenopausal period. The increase in major depressive episodes during this period has been linked to erratic gonadal hormonal changes.
Las mujeres poseen alrededor del doble de posibilidades que los hombres de sufrir depresión. Se ha planteado como hipótesis que los eventos reproductivos (ej. premenstrual, pre y postparto, transición menopáusica) pueden representar periodos de vulnerabilidad para la depresión, en parte, debido a la elevada sensibilidad a las intensas fluctuaciones hormonales. 1) La mayoría de las mujeres informan síntomas físicos o emocionales premenstruales, siendo algunos suficientemente severos para ser diagnosticados como trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM); algunos estudios recientes sugieren que el TDPM es biológicamente diferente de la depresión mayor; 2) Mientras que el embarazo no aumenta el riesgo para la depresión, las mujeres con una historia pasada de depresión están en riesgo para episodios recurrentes o recaída si se discontinúan los medicamentos antidepresivos; 3) Los cambios hormonales durante el período del postparto pueden gatillar síntomas de depresión postparto; 4) Casi la mitad de las mujeres perimenopáusicas están clínicamente deprimidas y sobre un tercio experimenta su primer episodio de depresión en el período perimenopáusico. El aumento de los episodios depresivos mayores durante este período se ha relacionado con cambios erráticos de las hormonas gonadales.