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Introduction: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of infrequent invasive carcinomas with aggressive behavior. It presents differentiation from the neoplastic ductal epithelium to squamous and/or sarcomatous mesenchymal component, through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, and may present morphology of epithelioid and fusiform cells, with possible cartilage, bone, lipomatous, fibromatous, smooth muscle or skeletal muscle differentiation, among others. Most of the cases present the triple-negative immunohistochemical profile. Objective: To report three cases of metaplastic carcinomas, with an emphasis on clinical and pathological aspects, in addition to conducting a literature review on this topic. Methods: The three cases were registered in the internal search system for reference services in breast pathology in São Paulo, between 2012 and 2019. For literature review, the keywords metaplastic carcinoma, breast, cancer, review, breast cancer subtype and pathological and clinical outcomes were used in PubMed. We found 154 articles, of which 42 were selected for full reading, based on the abstract and established inclusion criteria. After this initial selection, these articles were read and reviewed; nine articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Discussion: Three cases of metaplastic carcinoma with similar immunohistochemical characteristics have been reported. The first case is that of a 40-year-old patient with the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma producing a chondroid matrix with liposarcomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation. The second case is that of a 50-year-old patient who presented with the final diagnosis for a fusocellular metaplastic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Finally, the third case described is that of a 59-year-old patient, who presented metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation. Conclusion: Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer, in which most of the patients have shorter survival and worse prognosis in relation to the other subtypes. More studies are needed in order to determine a gold standard treatment for this disease.
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SUMMARY: Veterinary oncology is very important nowadays to get a better understanding of human carcinogenesis. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor 2 are frequently evaluated by immunohistochemistry (HIC) in human breast tumor. WT1 is an oncogene, its overexpression has been detected in leukemia and diverse solid tumors like breast cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma in humans. WT1 expression was evaluated in 15 canine breast tumors (CBT) diagnosed by histopathological analysis to find its relationship with neoplasia and malignancy. IHC and RT-PCR were performed in CBT tissues. Fisher´s test was used to analyze WT1 relationship with malignancy. Of the 15 tumors, 9 (60 %) were diagnosed as benign and 6 (40 %) were malignant. With IHC, WT1 expression was positive only in biopsies diagnosed as malignant. Expression of WT1 by RT-PCR was detected in 14 of the 15 tumors (93.33 %) as well as in control healthy mammary gland. Clinical significance: This study describes for the first time a close correlation between CBT and a positive result for WT1 expression with IHC; hence, it can be used as a biomarker for this neoplasia and as an indicator of malignancy. RT-PCR analysis also showed to be good option to detect WT1 expression. These results will be useful to further investigations to elucidate WT1-related signaling pathways in CBT. Also to know molecules that regulate the translation of this protein as a marker for tumor progression.
RESUMEN: La oncología veterinaria es muy importante hoy en día para comprender mejor la carcinogénesis humana. El receptor de estrógeno, el receptor de progesterona y el receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano se evalúan con frecuencia mediante inmunohistoquímica (HIC) en tumores de mama humanos. WT1 es un oncogén, su sobreexpresión se ha detectado en leucemia y en diversos tumores sólidos como el cáncer de mama, cáncer de pulmón y mesotelioma en humanos. La expresión de WT1 se evaluó en 15 tumores de mama caninos (TCC) diagnosticados mediante análisis histopatológico para encontrar su relación con la neoplasia y la malignidad. IHC y RT-PCR se realizaron en tejidos CBT. La prueba de Fisher se utilizó para analizar la relación de WT1 con la malignidad. De los 15 tumores, 9 (60 %) fueron diagnosticados como benignos y 6 (40 %) fueron malignos. Con IHC, la expresión de WT1 fue positiva solo en biopsias diagnosticadas como malignas. La expresión de WT1 por RT-PCR se detectó en 14 de los 15 tumores (93,33 %), así como en el control de la glándula mamaria sana. Importancia clínica: este estudio describe por primera vez una estrecha correlación entre la TCC y un resultado positivo para la expresión de WT1 con IHC; por lo tanto, se puede utilizar como un biomarcador para esta neoplasia y como un indicador de malignidad. El análisis por RT-PCR también demostró ser una buena opción para detectar la expresión de WT1. Estos resultados serán útiles para futuras investigaciones para dilucidar las vías de señalización relacionadas con WT1 en la TCC. También para conocer moléculas que regulan la traducción de esta proteína como marcador de progresión tumoral.
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Animais , Feminino , Cães , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Genes do Tumor de Wilms/fisiologia , Oncogenes , Imuno-Histoquímica , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , CarcinogêneseRESUMO
Propósito Se intentó determinar la incidencia, hallazgos patológicos, factores pronósticos y resultados clínicos para pacientes con CCR papilar clínicamente localizado. Métodos Demográfico, Se recopilaron hallazgos clínicos y patológicos en todos los pacientes con CCRP sometidos a cirugía en cuatro centros médicos académicos. El punto final primario fue la supervivencia específica del cáncer (CSS). La supervivencia sin recaída (RFS) y la supervivencia general (OS) fueron puntos finales secundarios. Kaplan- Se obtuvieron estimaciones de Meier y se usaron modelos de regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar predictores de mortalidad y recaída. Resultados Identificamos 626 CCPR, de los cuales 373 (60por ciento) fueron del tipo 1 y 253 (40 por ciento) fueron del tipo 2, con tres cuartas partes de todos los tumores siendo pT1. En comparación con los pacientes con tipo 1, aquellos con tipo 2 eran mayores (edad media: 63 frente a 61; (AU)
Purpose We aimed to determine incidence, pathologic fndings, prognostic factors and clinical outcomes for patients with clinically localized papillary RCC. Methods Demographic, clinical and pathologic fndings were collected on all patients with PRCC undergoing sur-gery at four academic medical centers. The primary end-point was cancer-specifc survival (CSS). Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Kaplan Meier estimates were obtained, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess predictors of mortality and relapse. Results We identifed 626 PRCC, of which 373 (60 pertcent) were type 1 and 253 (40 pertcent) were type 2, with three-quar-ters of all tumors being pT1. Compared to patients with type 1, those with type 2 were older (mean age: 63 vs 61; (AU)
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Humanos , Necrose Papilar Renal , Prognóstico , HistologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to study the survival of lung cancer patients treated at a referral hospital in Zaragoza (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate observed survival. The automatic calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was used to analyse relative survival. RESULTS: Mean survival time was 25.74 months. There was no difference when comparing age groups (P=.151), gender (P=.369), and histological type of tumour (P=.086). Survival by stage of the disease at diagnosis revealed statistically significant differences (P<.001). Relative survival 5 years after diagnosis for the group analysed was 14%. Survival was higher for men (15.5%), in patients under 60 (16.7%) and squamous tumours (18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Survival by tumour stage was in line with the TNM Staging System for Lung Cancer. These results suggest that overall survival rate for lung cancer in Zaragoza remains very low in the long term, and this depends on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.