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Compared with non-Hispanic White women, Latina women are less likely to receive genetic counseling (GC) and testing (GT) following BC diagnosis. This study used secondary data analysis to explore beliefs about GC among Latina BC survivors in and outside the US mainland. GC/GT-naïve, high-risk, Spanish-preferring Latina BC survivors (n = 52) in FL and PR completed the Behavioral Beliefs about GC scale. Participants reported high positive beliefs about GC (M = 4.19, SD = 0.92); the majority agreed that GC was beneficial to understand cancer risk (90%) and promote discussion (87%) in their family. Participants reported low-to-moderate scores for barriers (Ms = 1.53-3.40; SDs = 0.59-0.90). The most frequently endorsed barriers were desire for additional GC information (M = 3.44; SD = 0.90), and GC logistic concerns (M = 2.71; SD = 0.80). No statistically significant differences for barriers and benefits scales were identified by place of residence (all ps ≥ 0.12). These findings highlight the importance of delivering culturally sensitive GC information to high-risk Latina BC survivors.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Sobreviventes de Câncer/psicologia , Florida , Aconselhamento Genético , Hispânico ou Latino , Porto RicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between sexual orientation and sexual violence in Hispanic women living in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study. An anonymous web-based questionnaire was distributed in Puerto Rico between February and April 2016. Variables included history of sexual violence, sexual orientation, and age of first sexual experiences. Data were analyzed using χ2 testing and a P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Sociodemographic characteristics were similar between groups except for age in the 476 participants. The most common age of first sexual experiences was between 7 and 12 years, 13-18 years for penile vaginal and oral sex, and 22-29 years for penile anal sex in the overall population of the study. These did not differ except that more bisexual women 40 (71.4%) had their first oral sex experience at 13-18 years compared with 164 (50.7%) heterosexual and 35 (55.2%) lesbian women (P = 0.045). Of the 19.2% of participants who reported sexual violence, there were 50 (18.4%) heterosexual, 8 (12.2%) lesbian, and 17 (34.7%) bisexual women. Bisexual women were more likely to disclose sexual violence (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Most women stated having a sexual experience at a young age. Significant proportions reported sexual violence with bisexual women being the most likely. Screening for sexual violence must be routinely performed by health professionals.
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Delitos Sexuais , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Heterossexualidade , Hispânico ou Latino , Porto Rico , Comportamento Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , AdultoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with anthropometric measures including Body Mass Index (BMI), adult weight gain, and waist circumference has been observed in North American and European populations, but little evidence is available for Hispanic women. Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer, and leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR). However, compared with the United States, breast cancer incidence rates are lower but increasing more rapidly. PURPOSE: To examine associations between anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women in PR. METHODS: Data from a population-based case-control study in the San Juan metropolitan region (cases = 315; controls = 348) were used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk, also considering menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT). RESULTS: Among premenopausal participants, there was a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer with higher BMI and borderline significant with higher waist to height ratio (WHtR). For postmenopausal participants, a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer was observed with higher WHtR, and waist to hip ratio (WHR), borderline significant with higher BMI, and higher odds with height. Among postmenopausal participants using HT, a significant trend for lower odds of breast cancer was observed with higher waist circumference, WHtR, WHR, and body shape index. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence of anthropometric differences in relation to breast cancer risk in PR compared to previous studies. Future studies should include analyses of fat and lean mass distribution, and hormone receptor status to further understand anthropometry and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Hormônios , Humanos , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-QuadrilRESUMO
Introduction: Mexican-origin women suffer disproportionate rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and research on how to tailor NAFLD treatment interventions for this population is lacking. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and information sources related to NAFLD in a community-based sample of Mexican-origin women. Methods: This study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach and consisted of a brief questionnaire (n = 194) and interviews (n = 26) among Mexican-origin women recruited from community-based settings including health fairs, churches, and community events. Participants were eligible if they identified as Mexican-origin, had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, were 18-64 years of age, had the ability to speak, read, and write in English and/or Spanish, and provided informed consent. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit a subset of women (n = 26) with confirmed liver steatosis indicative of NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter ≥280 dB/m) who completed the questionnaire. The twenty-six participants then completed one on one, in-depth semi-structured interviews to ascertain their knowledge and understanding of NAFLD. Results: Qualitative findings revealed low awareness of risk factors for liver disease, NAFLD specifically. Knowledge of liver disease tended to center around cirrhosis, a condition many participants reported was prevalent in their families. Quantitative and qualitative findings both found information sources for NAFLD and liver disease to be predominantly friends, family, and media. Interviews revealed a misperception related to NAFLD risk that liver disease was only caused by high alcohol intake. Conclusion: Low levels of NAFLD awareness and knowledge warrant the need for greater efforts to educate the general population, perhaps by integrating NAFLD education into existing type 2 diabetes educational campaigns and prevention interventions. Additionally, further elicitation research conducted in Mexican-origin adults is needed to elucidate key factors within behavioral-theory constructs that can be targeted in future interventions tailored to this unique population.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Adulto , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate muscle strength and related factors in Hispanic women.Methods: We studied 593 women between 40 and 89 years old. The women were asked about personal and clinical information. The following instruments were applied: dynamometer (strength), Short Physical Performance Battery (physical performance), SARC-F (sarcopenia), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (physical activity), Menopause Rating Scale (quality of life), 36-item Short Form (general health), and Frailty (Fried's criteria).Results: Low muscle strength rises from 7.1% of women in their 40s to 79.4% in their 80s. Physical performance is low in 0.5% of the first group and rises to 60.5% in the second. The risk of sarcopenia increases significantly from 6.7% in younger women to 58.1% in older women. Frailty, which affects less than 1% of women under age 60 years, increases to 39.5% in their 80s. Sedentary lifestyle rises from 26% to 68.3%. Fragility impairs the quality of life and the perception of health (p < 0.0001). The deterioration of different tests of muscle function is significantly associated with age >70 years (OR 5-20) and with osteoarthritis (OR 4-9). Menopause before the age of 45 years increases the risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.0).Conclusion: With aging there is a decrease in muscle strength and an increase in frailty. This entails a decrease in the quality of life.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Força da Mão , Menopausa , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Sarcopenia/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Sarcopenia/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of knowledge about Zika virus exposure, symptoms, complications, and transmission prevention in Hispanic women living in Puerto Rico. METHODS: A sample of 168 women aged 21 to 64 at the general community, consented to complete a self-administered questionnaire of 112 questions from October 2016 to July 2017. RESULTS: A univariate analysis showed that the participating women recognized that the Zika virus was transmitted through mosquito bites (95.2%), sexual intercourse (78.0%), and from a mother to her fetus (41.1%); participants also believed that other, incorrect, routes of transmission were plausible. Regarding their knowledge of Zika infection prevention, the participants' correct answers included the following: using mosquito repellent (94.1%), eliminating standing water (83.9%), and using condoms (83.3%). When asked about fetal risks associated with Zika, they believed that the fetus would not develop normally (75.6%), would be born with a disability (69.6%), or would experience nervous system problems (54.2%). Only 22.6% of the participants had taken precautions to prevent pregnancy during the Zika outbreak, of which 65.8% reported that they had used condoms during all sexual relationships. CONCLUSION: There is a need to educate the general population about the Zika virus to reduce the misconceptions about disease prevention and transmission as well as about the complications associated with Zika during pregnancy. Awareness efforts should emphasize the prevention of infections during pregnancy and the use of available contraceptive methods.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anticoncepção , Estudos Transversais , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissãoRESUMO
Young Hispanic women have been particularly affected by HIV. For this reason, we analyzed the influence of cognitive factors, dispositional variables, and gender culture on the HIV risks of two groups of Hispanic women. Young Argentinian and Spanish women (N = 342) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and the Spanish version of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in order to evaluate knowledge of HIV transmission, HIV, and condom use; self-efficacy; safe-sex intention and safe sex; as well as Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Compulsivity traits. Our findings support a different pattern of HIV risk based on gender inequality, although self-efficacy and sexual sensation seeking seem to have been the main important predictors of unsafe sex and HIV risk. Social and psychological factors should be considered to design HIV prevention strategies aimed at young Hispanic women.
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Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Sexo sem Proteção/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Comparação Transcultural , Características Culturais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Assunção de Riscos , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Puerto Rico (PR), is the fifth highest jurisdiction of the United States of America (US) with respect to HIV prevalence and the leading in cervical cancer incidence. This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence and correlates of cervical HPV infection among a clinic-based sample of 302 women living with HIV/AIDS in PR. METHODS: Data collection included questionnaires, blood and cervical samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the magnitude of association (adjusted Prevalence odds ratio [aPOR]) between HPV cervical infection and other covariates. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 40.3 years (± 10.3SD). The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.3%; 41.1% for low-risk types and 29.5% for high-risk types. Having ≥ 10 lifetime sexual partners (aPOR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.02-4.29), an abnormal Pap (aPOR = 3.58, 95% CI:1.93-6.62), active genital warts (aPOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.60-7.42), and CD4 counts ≤ 200 (aPOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.67-10.78) were positively associated with any cervical HPV infection. Similar results were observed for HR HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS: A high burden of HPV co-infection exists among women living with HIV/AIDS in this population. Given the high incidence of HIV in PR and the higher risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV/AIDS, HPV vaccination should be promoted in this population.
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Colo do Útero/virologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/etnologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Coinfecção/virologia , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/etiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Razão de Chances , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: "Arte con Salud" is an HIV/AIDS prevention intervention tailored for Puerto Rican women who have sex with men. The intervention curriculum was refined through a community-academic collaboration between Taller Salud, the UPRCayey Campus, and the UCC-School of Medicine, subsided in 2012-13 by PRCTRC. The collaboration has been crucial to validate the impact of using art as a tool to facilitate sexual negotiation skills and safer sexual practices among adult women have sex with men participating in HIV prevention education. METHODS: This article describes the vision, valley, victory phases endured to establish a community-academia partnership based on the CPPR framework as an effective mean to implement a randomized controlled trial intervention (RCT). We also discuss the barriers, outcomes, and lessons learned from this partnership. RESULTS: Some of the identified solutions include: setting goals to secure funding, regular meetings, and the inclusion of undergraduate level students to assist in the implementation of the intervention. These solutions helped to build trust among the community and academic partners. As a result of this collaboration, a total of 86 participants were enrolled and 5 competitive research grants have been submitted. CONCLUSION: The community-academic collaboration was essential in order to build a solid research infrastructure that addresses the complexities of HIV prevention education among groups of Puerto Rican women.
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Arte , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Saúde Pública , Feminino , Humanos , Porto RicoRESUMO
The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to investigate the following factors associated with sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus prevention: (a) knowledge, (b) attitudes, (c) self-efficacy, (d) vulnerability, (e) risky behaviors, (f) preventive behaviors, and (g) internet use among 40 Chilean women between 18 and 24 years who participated in the pilot of an Internet based STI/HIV prevention intervention (I-STIPI). A structured questionnaire available in a secure website was used for data collection and it included questions related to STI and HIV prevention. The results of the study indicated that young women are at risk of acquiring STIs and HIV and have special needs for prevention. Familiarity and frequency of use of internet in this population can be used for STIs and HIV prevention.
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Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Autoeficácia , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study examines how religiosity shapes the health perceptions and health-related behaviors of 50 Latina immigrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Bolivia. Between May and August 2011, focus groups were conducted with participants representing each country of origin. Qualitative content analysis was the analytic strategy adopted in the study. The meta-theme, Religiosity Contributes to Positive Perceptions of Health and Health-Promoting Behaviors, is associated with six emerging themes: (1) Religiosity promotes a sense of personal responsibility for one's health; (2) Religiosity promotes a holistic view of health; (3) Religiosity promotes the view that health is a priority; (4) Religiosity promotes the view that health enables one to perform necessary tasks; (5) Religiosity promotes health-seeking behavior; and (6) Religiosity provides intrinsic health benefits. Findings do not follow the clear-cut dichotomy of the health locus of control model and challenge simplified notions that Latinas hold a purely external health locus of control toward their health and health care. Latinas rely on both God and themselves in managing their health and engaging in health-promoting actions, which are prompted in large part by their religiosity. Implications for culturally appropriate health communication and interventions are discussed.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Religião , Adulto , Idoso , Bolívia/etnologia , El Salvador/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Guatemala/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Between 1999-2007, the U.S. deported 4.8 million migrants to Mexico; of these, 1.1 million migrants were deported to the border city of Tijuana, Baja California. Deportees are often returned to unfamiliar communities where they may experience emotional and socioeconomic stressors that may raise their risk for engaging in unsafe behaviors. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study describes adaptation to the post-deportation environment among Mexican-born injection drug-using women. METHOD: In 2008, we conducted qualitative interviews in Tijuana with 12 women reporting U.S. deportation. Our analytic framework focused on acculturation stress, adaptation and social capital in relation to HIV risk, considering a gender perspective. RESULTS: We found that the stress caused by the deportation experience and acclimating to the post-deportation community may have contributed to the women's participation in high-risk HIV behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, sex work). Female deportees reported limited access to post-deportation social capital resources (e.g., social support, healthy social networks). Social factors (e.g., discrimination, lack of a government identification) challenged women's resettlement and likely contributed to economic and health vulnerabilities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that deportees may benefit from organized services at repatriation, including mental health screening. Macro-level interventions that address stigma and facilitate deportees' economic integration may help stem engagement in risk behaviors.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Entre 1999-2007, EE.UU. deportó a 4.8 millones de migrantes a México; de éstos, 1.1 millones fueron deportados a la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana, B.C. Los deportados a menudo son devueltos a comunidades desconocidas donde pueden experimentar factores estresantes, emocionales y económicos, que pueden aumentar la probabilidad de involucrarse en conductas de riesgo. OBJETIVO: Este estudio exploratorio describe las experiencias de mujeres mexicanas que se inyectan drogas en su proceso de adaptación y su ambiente posterior a su deportación. MÉTODO: En 2008, se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas en Tijuana a 12 mujeres deportadas de EE.UU. El marco teórico utilizado para el análisis de las entrevistas fue el estrés aculturativo y el capital social relacionado con el riesgo para adquirir VIH tomando en cuenta la perspectiva de género. RESULTADOS: Encontramos que la experiencia del estrés aculturativo causado por la deportación de las mujeres entrevistadas pudo condicionar su participación en conductas de alto riesgo para VIH (ejemplo: sexo sin protección, trabajo sexual). Las mujeres reportaron posteriormente, a su deportación un acceso limitado para apoyo social y redes sociales sanas. La discriminación o la falta de una identificación oficial desafiaron el reasentamiento de las mujeres y probablemente contribuyeron a sus vulnerabilidades económicas y de salud. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que los deportados podrían beneficiarse de los servicios organizados de repatriación, incluidos los exámenes de salud mental. Intervenciones a nivel macro que aborden el estigma y faciliten la integración económica de los deportados podrían ayudar a impedir su participación en conductas de riesgo.
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Despite their low cost and high nutrient density, the contribution of eggs to nutrient intake and dietary quality among Mexican-American postpartum women has not been evaluated. Nutrient intake and dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), were measured in habitually sedentary overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 ± 3.5 kg/m²) Mexican-American postpartum women (28 ± 6 years) and compared between egg consumers (n = 82; any egg intake reported in at least one of three 24-h dietary recalls) and non-consumers (n = 57). Egg consumers had greater intake of energy (+808 kJ (193 kcal) or 14%; p = 0.033), protein (+9 g or 17%; p = 0.031), total fat (+9 g or 19%; p = 0.039), monounsaturated fat (+4 g or 24%; p = 0.020), and several micronutrients than non-consumers. Regarding HEI-2010 scores, egg consumers had a greater total protein foods score than non-consumers (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0; p = 0.004), and trends for greater total fruit (2.4 ± 1.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7; p = 0.070) and the total composite HEI-2010 score (56.4 ± 12.6 vs. 52.3 ± 14.4; p = 0.082). Findings suggest that egg intake could contribute to greater nutrient intake and improved dietary quality among postpartum Mexican-American women. Because of greater energy intake among egg consumers, recommendations for overweight/obese individuals should include avoiding excessive energy intake and incorporating eggs to a nutrient-dense, fiber-rich dietary pattern.
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Dieta , Ovos , Americanos Mexicanos , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Adulto , Dieta/etnologia , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Educação em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Obesidade/etnologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The association between parity and type 2 diabetes has been studied in developed countries and in Singapore and Chinese women but not in Hispanics. Herein we evaluated the association between parity (number of live births) with diabetes in a group of Hispanic postmenopausal women from Colombia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Herein we evaluated the association between parity and diabetes in a population of 1,795 women from Colombia. Women were divided in birth categories (0 [referent], 1 or 2, 3-5, 6 or > births). Medical history of diabetes and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Logistic regressions were performed in order to find the association between parity and diabetes in bivariable and multivariable models after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and diabetes family history, among other variables. RESULTS: In our study, there was an association between parity and diabetes after adjusting for age, BMI and diabetes family history in the multiparous women groups when compared to the women with no births (Referent group) [1-2 births vs. referent OR 5.2 (95 CI 1.2-22.9), 3-5 births vs. referent OR 5.5 (1.3-23.0) and ≥6 births vs. referent OR 7.5 (1.8-31.8), respectively]. The association was maintained in two of the groups in the multivariable analysis [OR 5.0 (1.1-22.9) and 5.3 (1.2-23.5)], for 1 or 2 births and 6 or > births versus 0 births, respectively. Positive diabetes family history and WHR were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes [OR 4.6 (3.0-7.0) and 4.1 (2.0-8.1), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal Hispanic women, multiparity, as well as a positive family history of diabetes and a high waist-hip ratio were associated with higher diabetes risk.
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Recent Mexican immigrant women on average have an unexpectedly low incidence of low birth weight (LBW). Birth weights decline and LBW incidence increases in post-immigrant generations. This pilot project tested the hypothesis that subjective social status (SSS) of pregnant women predicts variation in birth weight between Mexican immigrant and Mexican-American women. 300 low-income pregnant Mexican immigrant and Mexican-American women in South Texas were surveyed for SSS, depression, pregnancy-related anxiety, perceived social stress and self-esteem and subsequent birth weight. No significant difference in SSS levels between pregnant Mexican immigrant and Mexican-American women were found. However, SSS better predicted variation in birth weight across both groups than mental and psychosocial health variables. Results suggest distinct relationships among SSS, mental and psychosocial health that could impact birth weight. They underscore the relevance of a multilevel, biopsychosocial analytical framework to studying LBW.
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Peso ao Nascer , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Meio Social , Adulto , Ansiedade/etnologia , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Pobreza , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Texas , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
History of abuse has been associated with greater HIV risk among women. This study examined client-perpetrated abuse among female sex workers (FSWs) in two Mexico-U.S. border cities where HIV prevalence is rising. Among 924 FSWs, prevalence of client-perpetrated abuse was 31%. In multivariate logistic regression models, intimate partner violence (IPV), psychological distress, and having drug-using clients were associated with experiencing client-perpetrated abuse. FSWs along the Mexico-U.S. border report frequently experiencing abuse from both clients and intimate partners, which may have serious mental health consequences. Our findings suggest the need for screening and gender-based violence prevention services for Mexican FSWs.
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Trabalho Sexual , Profissionais do Sexo , Violência , Adulto , Cidades , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Estresse Psicológico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Estados Unidos , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Las mujeres Hispanas de 50 años y más (MHC) son una minoría en Estados Unidos, presentan un elevado riesgo de adquirir VIH y son el grupo menos estudiado en lo que respecta a salud, características sociales y de comportamiento sexual. Objetivo: Investigar los factores que incrementan el riesgo de VIH en las MHC con el propósito de desarrollar o adaptar una intervención apropiada para la edad y la cultura de este grupo de mujeres. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 50 MHC, sexualmente activas y que residían en Miami, Florida, Estados Unidos. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado administrado por entrevistadores entrenados y bilingües (inglés/español). Las participantes fueron reclutadas en diferentes lugares en el sur de Florida. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, tanto medidas de tendencia central como medidas de dispersión. Resultados: La edad promedio de las MHC fue de 55,7 +/- 6 años (rango 5 - 76 años). Todas las MHC estaban en la menopausia. Prevención del VIH: Las MHC reportaron niveles medios de conocimientos sobre VIH y comunicación con la pareja. En la muestra se reportó la presencia de síntomas depresivos, violencia en la pareja, actitudes negativas hacia las personas viviendo con VIH y baja percepción de riesgo de adquirir VIH. Las MHC mencionaron necesidades de aprendizaje en tópicos relacionados con prevención de VIH y cambios de la edad. Conclusión: Las MHC están a riesgo de adquirir VIH y tienen necesidades especiales en términos de educación sobre prevención de VIH.
Introduction: Hispanic women aged 50 and over (OHW) are a minority in the U.S. at high risk of acquiring HIV and the least studied group of population in relation to health, social characteristics and sexual behavior. Objective: To investigate the factors that increase HIV risk among OHW with the purpose of developing or adapting an intervention appropriate for their age and culture. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 50 OHW, sexually active and who residing in Miami, Florida, U.S. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained bilingual interviewers (English/Spanish). Participants were recruited from different locations in South Florida. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including central tendency and dispersion measures. Results: OHWs mean age was 55.7 +/- 6 years old (range 50-76 years old). All the OHW were in the menopause. HIV Prevention: OHW reported average levels of HIV knowledge and partner communication. In the sample OHW reported depression symptoms, intimate partner violence, negative attitudes towards people living with HIV and low perceived risk of acquiring HIV. OHW mentioned learning needs in topics related to HIV prevention and age changes. Conclusion: OHW are at risk of acquiring HIV and they have special needs in terms of HIV prevention.
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Assunção de Riscos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Nível de Saúde , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Hispânico ou Latino , MenopausaRESUMO
The purpose of the study is to collect information from college Hispanic women to identify healthy and unhealthy weight loss practices used for weight control. A total of 217 participants completed a survey of which 100 who reported going on a special diet to lose weight where assessed on the weight loss practices used, and their demographic characteristics. The hypothesis was that Hispanic females who try to lose weight do not engage in unhealthy weight loss practices. The results revealed healthy practices more often than unhealthy ones. Nevertheless, the use of unhealthy weight loss practices among sorne Hispanic females may be more common than one would expect, and prevention campaigns should consider these results for future public health programs.
El objetivo del estudio fue describir las prácticas saludables y no saludables para bajar y controlar el peso en mujeres hispanas. Un total de 217 participantes completaron una encuesta, de las cuales 100 informaron estar en una dieta especial para perder peso y reportaron las prácticas utilizadas y sus datos demográficos. La hipótesis era que las mujeres hispanas que intentan bajar de peso, no presentarían prácticas no saludables. Los resultados mostraron que las prácticas saludables fueron mas frecuentes que las no saludables. Sin embargo, el uso de prácticas no saludables fue más común a lo esperado y las campanas de prevención debiesen considerar esta información para futuros programas de salud pública.