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West Indian med. j ; West Indian med. j;59(5): 555-560, Oct. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672675

RESUMO

Evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is important to the assessment of risk factors in an aim to ensure maximum benefits of drug therapy. This study was done to assess the types of ADRs presenting to the Accident and Emergency department (A&E) of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Admissions to the A&E associated with drugs were followed on a weekly basis for 19 weeks from October 2007 to February 2008 using the patient logbook. Medical records of patients with suspected ADRs were collected and evaluated by an Emergency Medicine Consultant of A&E to confirm the occurrence of ADRs and the suspected drug. Of the 8170 admissions to A&E, 48 (0.6%) were related to ADRs, with most occurring in females and the mean age (± standard error) was 58.9 (± 3.4) years. Drug induced hypoglycaemia accounted for 28 (56.3%) cases of ADRs and included mainly patients on insulin, with or without a sulphonylurea therapy. Most of these diabetic patients also had co-morbidities and were on multi-drug therapy (18). Allergic reactions accounted for 10 (21%) of the ADR outcomes. Other drugs accounting for ADRs included cardiovascular drugs (10.4%), analgesic/anti-inflammatory medications (8.3%), drugs acting on the central nervous system (8.3%) and anti-infectives (8.3%). It is concluded that drug-induced hypoglycaemia is the major ADR presenting to the A&E of the University Hospital of the West Indies; it is a preventable ADR and therefore further investigation should evaluate possible factors attributed to the occurrences.


La evaluación de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos (RAMs) es importante a la hora de evaluar los factores de riesgo con el objeto de asegurar beneficios máximos con la terapia medicamentosa. Este estudio fue realizado con el propósito de evaluar los tipos de RAMs que se presentan en la División de Accidentes y Emergencias (DAE) del Hospital Universitario de West Indies. Los ingresos al DAE asociados con medicamentos, fueron seguidos de forma hebdomadaria por un período de 19 semanas, desde octubre de 2007 hasta febrero de 2008, usando el libro de registro de pacientes. Las historias clínicas de los pacientes sospechosos de RAMs fueron recogidas y evaluadas por un Consultante de Medicina de Emergencia del DAE con el fin de confirmar que se trataba en efecto de un caso de RAM y verificar el medicamento de sospecha. De los 8170 ingresos al DAE, 48 (0.6%) guardaban relación con RAMs, siendo el caso que la mayor parte ocurrió con hembras y la edad promedio (± error estándar) fue 58.9 (± 3.4) años. La hipoglicemia inducida por medicamento representó 28 (56.3%) casos de RAMs e incluyó principalmente a pacientes bajo el uso de insulina, con o sin una terapia sulfonilurea. La mayoría de estos pacientes diabéticos también presentaban co-morbosidades y estaban bajo terapia multi-medicamentosa (18). Las reacciones alérgicas representan 10 (21%) de los resultados de ADR. Otros medicamentos causantes de RAMs incluyeron los medicamentos cardiovasculares (10.4%), los analgésicos/anti-inflamatorios (8.3%), los medicamentos que actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central (8.3%) y los anti-infecciosos (8.3%). Se concluye que la hipoglicemia inducida por medicamento es la RAM mayor que se presenta al DAE del Hospital Universitario de West Indies. Se trata de una RAM prevenible, y por ende las investigaciones ulteriores deben evaluar los posibles factores responsables de estas ocurrencias.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hospitais Universitários , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Prevalência
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