RESUMO
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) result in tissue damage or impairment of deeper structures that affect quality of life. The impacts are numerous, and even after a long treatment period, 65% of patients experience recurrence. Among the interventions used to accelerate the healing process of DFUs, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a painless, noninvasive, and low-cost treatment. To achieve effective therapeutic results optimal PBMT parameters are necessary. The positive effect of PBMT on diabetic cells may be dependent on fluence (J/cm2) and wavelength (nm). This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will be conducted at the University Clinic of Physical Therapy. One hundred patients will be randomly placed in 4 groups. A Laserpulse Ibramed (Helium-Neon, HeNe, 660 nm) with 20â W power will be used (continuous mode), with doses stipulated for each treatment group (GL1, 4â J/cm2; GL2, 8â J/cm2; GL3, 12â J/cm2) and Endophoton KLD GaAs 904 nm (ST, 10â J/cm2) for 2 nonconsecutive days per week for 10 weeks, for a total of 20 sessions. The primary outcomes will be ulcer healing rate and University of Texas classification scores. Patients' DFUs will be assessed on the 1st day, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks of treatment then 1 month after the end of treatment. This study may aid effective clinical decision-making for the management of DFUs.
RESUMO
Introducción: El melasma facial consiste en una hiperpigmentación que se origina por un incremento de la melanina epidérmica o dérmica, o ambas, y se localiza en las áreas fotoexpuestas, lo cual afecta, en ocasiones, la autoestima de hombres y mujeres. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con láser de helio-neón en pacientes con melasma facial. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención terapéutica en 34 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y dermatoscópico de melasma facial, atendidos en la consulta de dermatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso en Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2019 a igual mes del 2020, para lo cual se conformaron dos grupos: uno de estudio, que recibió tratamiento con láser, y el otro de control, tratado con crema de hidroquinona a 2 %. La información fue procesada y resumida en valores absolutos y porcentaje; asimismo, se utilizó la prueba paramétrica de homogeneidad de la Χ2, con un nivel de significación α=0,05. Resultados: En general, la mayoría de los pacientes correspondieron al grupo etario de 39-48 años (35,3 %) y al sexo femenino (82,3 %), tenían color de la piel mestizo (76,5 %) y lesiones de tamaño mediano (58,8 %). Si bien no existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas terapéuticas de cada grupo de estudio, en los pacientes tratados con láser de helio-neón la mejoría clínica fue evidente a los 3 meses de finalizada la intervención (70,6 %). Conclusiones: El tratamiento con láser de helio-neón fue efectivo en los pacientes con melasma.
Introduction: Melasma is a hyperpigmentation caused by an increase in epidermal or dermal melanin concentration, or both, and it is located on photoexposed cutaneous regions. It affects sometimes men's and women's self-esteem. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of helium-neon laser treatment in patients with melasma. Methods: A quasi-experimental study of therapeutic intervention in 34 patients with clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of melasma, who were assisted at the Dermatology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2019, to the same month in 2020, for which two groups were formed: the study group, that received laser treatment, and the control group, treated with 2% hydroquinone cream. The information was processed and expressed in absolute values and percentage; likewise, the Χ2 test for homogeneity was used, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: In general, most of the patients belonged to 39-48 age group (35.3%) and were female (82.3%), with mixed skin color (76.5%) and medium-sized lesions (58.8%). Although there were no statistically significant differences between the therapeutic responses of each study group, clinical improvement in patients treated with helium-neon laser was evident 3 months post-intervention (70.6%). Conclusions: Helium-neon laser treatment was effective in patients with melasma.
RESUMO
The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT): helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium arsenide (Ga-As) laser on the histomorphology of muscle and mitochondria in experimental myopathy in rats. Thirty Suquía strain female rats were distributed in groups: (A) control (intact), (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He-Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga-As laser, (E) irradiated with He-Ne laser on the non-injured muscle, and (F) irradiated with Ga-As laser on the non-injured muscle. Myopathy was induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left gastrocnemius muscle at the same point on five consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. LLLT was applied with 9.5 J cm-2 daily for seven consecutive days in groups C, D, E, and F. The muscles were examined with optic and electronic microscopy. The inflammation was classified as absent, mild, and intense and the degree of mitochondrial alteration was graded I, II, III, and IV. Categorical data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and the Fisher-Irwin Bilateral test, setting significant difference at p < 0.05. The damage found in muscle and mitochondria histomorphology in animals with induced myopathy (B) was intense or severe inflammation with grade III or IV of mitochondrial alteration. They underwent significant regression (p < 0.001) compared with the groups treated with He-Ne (C) and Ga-As (D) laser, in which mild or moderate inflammation was seen and mitochondrial alteration grades I and II, recovering normal myofibrillar architecture. No differences were found between the effects caused by the two lasers, or between groups A, E, and F. Group A was found to be different from B, C, and D (p < 0.001). LLLT in experimental myopathy caused significant muscular and mitochondrial morphologic recovery.
Assuntos
Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Doenças Musculares/radioterapia , Animais , Feminino , Lasers de Gás , Lasers Semicondutores , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Músculo Estriado/patologia , Músculo Estriado/ultraestrutura , RatosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do laser de baixa potência hélio e neônio (HeNe) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas de ratos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos controle e experimento. Utilizou-se ferida incisional, longitudinal, dorso-mediana, suturada com pontos separados simples. No grupo experimento, as feridas foram irradiadas diariamente com aparelho de laser de HeNe com potência contínua máxima de 5mW, comprimento de onda de 632,8 nm, visível com densidade de energia de 4J/cm², área de raio do laser de 0,015cm², durante 36 segundos, em três pontos da lesão. As feridas foram avaliadas no 3º, no 7º e no 14º dia de pós-operatório. Cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina (H&E) e avaliados segundo protocolo de Vizzotto et al. (2003)* para identificar o tipo de reação inflamatória e com Picrosirius para identificar os colágenos I e III e o índice de maturidade da cicatriz (IMaC). Utilizou-se imunoistoquímica com anti-CD45-LCA para o reconhecimento das células inflamatórias. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos mostraram o mesmo padrão inflamatório. No grupo experimento, observaram-se menos células inflamatórias nos três tempos estudados (p<0,001), com diminuição mais rápida do número de leucócitos. Verificou-se que as do grupo experimento tinham maior densidade de colágeno total no 3º dia (p=0,001), com mais colágeno III (p=0,001) e mais colágeno I (p=0,001). Não houve diferença significativa no IMaC. CONCLUSÃO: A irradiação com laser de baixa intensidade não modifica a qualidade da reação inflamatória, mas diminui a intensidade dela; aumenta a deposição do colágeno no início do processo cicatricial e não interfere na maturação da cicatriz.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low-level helium-neon (HeNe) laser on cutaneous wound healing in rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into control group and experimental group. A sutured longitudinal, dorsal-medial incision was made, with simple separate stitches. The experimental group was irradiated daily in three areas of the wound with HeNe laser (5mW maximum continuous power, 632.8 nm wavelength, 4 J/cm² energy density and 0.015 cm² laser beam area) for 36 seconds. The areas were evaluated on the third, seventh and fourteenth days postoperative. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine the type of inflammatory reaction according to the protocol by Vizzotto et al. (2003)* and with Picrosirius to identify types I and III collagen and the collagen maturation index (CMI). Immunohistochemical detection was employed with anti-CD45-LCA to recognize the inflammatory cells. RESULTS: Both groups had the same inflammatory pattern. The experimental group had fewer inflammatory cells at the three evaluation times (p<0.001) with faster reduction in the number of leukocytes. The experimental group had greater total collagen density on the third day (p=0.001), with more type III collagen (p=0.001) and more type I collagen (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the CMI. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser irradiation does not change the quality of the inflammatory response, but it does reduce its intensity; it increases collagen deposition in the early stages of the healing process and does not interfere with collagen maturation.