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Introducción: La etapa de la vejez facilita la aparición del sentimiento de soledad, lo que puede aumentar la vulnerabilidad del adulto mayor frente a la enfermedad y el deterioro de su salud mental. Objetivo: Describir la asociación entre soledad y ansiedad ante la muerte en adultos mayores peruanos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional, desarrollado en dos centros del adulto mayor de Lima Sur, Perú, en el período septiembre a noviembre del año 2022. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, y eligieron 300 participantes de ambos sexos, entre 60 y 85 años (Medad= 71,74, DE = 7,21), quienes fueron evaluados mediante la Escala de Soledad y la Escala de Ansiedad ante la muerte. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los datos se interpretaron en función a la significancia estadística y el tamaño de efecto de las asociaciones. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de participantes sentían moderada soledad (51 por ciento) y un nivel de ansiedad moderado (65 por ciento). La soledad obtuvo una asociación directa y moderada con la ansiedad ante la muerte (r = 0,275, p< 0,001). En el análisis de las dimensiones, solo la dimensión miedo a que la vida llegue a su fin se correlacionó con una magnitud moderada con la soledad (0,277, p< 0,001). Conclusiones: Los resultados respaldan que, ante una mayor percepción de soledad, mayor será la ansiedad ante la muerte en el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: The stage of old age facilitates the appearance of a loneliness feeling, which can increase the vulnerability of older adults to illness and deterioration of their mental health. Objective: To describe the association between loneliness and death anxiety in Peruvian older adults. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out in two centers for the elderly in Lima Sur, Peru, from September to November 2022. A nonprobabilistic sampling was used and 300 participants of both sexes, between 60 and 85 years of age (mean age = 71.74, SD = 7.21), were chosen and evaluated by means of the Loneliness Scale and the Death Anxiety Scale. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The data were interpreted in terms of statistical significance and effect size of the associations. Results: The highest percentage of participants felt moderate loneliness (51 percent) and a moderate level of anxiety (65 percent). Loneliness obtained a direct and moderate association with death anxiety (r = 0.275, p < 0.001). In the dimensional analysis, only the dimension fear of life coming to an end correlated with loneliness in a moderate magnitude (0.277, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results support that, the greater the perception of loneliness, the greater will be the anxiety about death in the older adult(AU)

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Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Standard cardiac rehabilitation (face-to-face sessions) has shown benefits in increasing muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people. However, it is unknown whether hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (a first face-to-face phase + a second remote monitoring phase) will have similar benefits in adults versus older subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program on muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in "adult" versus "older" people with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program would improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity, but the impact would be smaller in the older group than the adult individuals. This study is part of a larger project (The Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial-HYCARET). We subjected 22 adult (<60 y) females and males (ADULT; n = 5/17 (f/m); 52 ± 5 y; 28.9 ± 3.4 kg·m-2) and 20 older (≥60 y) females and males (OLDER; n = 6/14 (f/m); 66 ± 4 y; 27.4 ± 3.9 kg·m-2) with coronary artery disease to 12 weeks of hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Prior to and after 12 weeks of a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program, grip strength (handgrip), leg strength (chair stand test), and functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, 6MWT) were assessed. The hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program resulted in a 9.4 ± 14.6% and a 6.2 ± 12.1% grip strength increase, a 14.4 ± 39.4% and a 28.9 ± 48.1% legs strength increase, and a 14.6 ± 26.4% and a 6.8 ± 14.0% functional exercise capacity improvement in ADULT and OLDER, respectively (p < 0.05) with no differences between groups. In conclusion, a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program could increase muscle strength and improve functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease. More future studies comparing effectiveness among these age groups are needed to strengthen this conclusion.

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No es clara la carga de morbimortalidad de la lesión cardíaca clínicamente evidente secundaria a la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) en los niños en edad escolar. A lo largo de 12 meses, en un importante hospital pediátrico académico en la región del medio oeste de Estados Unidos, hubo 1481 casos de COVID-19 sin hospitalización en niños en edad escolar por lo demás sanos, en quienes se hicieron 195 pruebas cardíacas. Si bien aparecieron hallazgos fortuitos, no se descubrió ninguna patología cardíaca relacionada con la COVID-19. Además, ~3 % de los niños solamente tuvieron síntomas cardíacos agudos que requirieron una evaluación por el área de cardiología pediátrica. Los niños que no fueron hospitalizados por COVID-19 tienen un riesgo muy bajo de desarrollar daño cardíaco clínicamente significativo y son más propensos a presentar hallazgos fortuitos.

The burden of clinically-apparent cardiac injury secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in school-age children is unclear. Over 12 months at a large academic pediatric hospital in the Midwestern portion of the United States, there were 1481 COVID-19 positive non-hospitalized otherwise healthy schoolaged children with 195 having cardiac testing performed. While incidental findings occurred, no definitive COVID-19 related cardiac pathology was discovered. Additionally, only ~3 % of children had acute cardiac symptoms necessitating evaluation by pediatric cardiology. School-age children who were not hospitalized for COVID-19 have a very low risk of having clinically significant cardiac damage and are more likely to discover incidental findings.

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The burden of clinically-apparent cardiac injury secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in school-age children is unclear. Over 12 months at a large academic pediatric hospital in the Midwestern portion of the United States, there were 1481 COVID-19 positive non-hospitalized otherwise healthy schoolaged children with 195 having cardiac testing performed. While incidental findings occurred, no definitive COVID-19 related cardiac pathology was discovered. Additionally, only ~3% of children had acute cardiac symptoms necessitating evaluation by pediatric cardiology. School-age children who were not hospitalized for COVID-19 have a very low risk of having clinically significant cardiac damage and are more likely to discover incidental findings.

No es clara la carga de morbimortalidad de la lesión cardíaca clínicamente evidente secundaria a la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) en los niños en edad escolar. A lo largo de 12 meses, en un importante hospital pediátrico académico en la región del medio oeste de Estados Unidos, hubo 1481 casos de COVID-19 sin hospitalización en niños en edad escolar por lo demás sanos, en quienes se hicieron 195 pruebas cardíacas. Si bien aparecieron hallazgos fortuitos, no se descubrió ninguna patología cardíaca relacionada con la COVID-19. Además, ~3 % de los niños solamente tuvieron síntomas cardíacos agudos que requirieron una evaluación por el área de cardiología pediátrica. Los niños que no fueron hospitalizados por COVID-19 tienen un riesgo muy bajo de desarrollar daño cardíaco clínicamente significativo y son más propensos a presentar hallazgos fortuitos.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, depressive symptoms and quality of life of patients with heart failure and associate quality of life with depressive symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted with outpatients and inpatients. Sociodemographic data were collected and questionnaires were applied to assess quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Results: The sample consisted of 113 patients. Outpatients were retired (p=0.004), with better education (p=0.034) and higher ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.001). The inpatient group had greater depressive symptoms (18.1±10 vs 14.6±1.3; p=0.036) and lower quality of life (74.1±18.7 vs 40.5±3.4; p<0.001) than the outpatient group. Outpatients with depressive symptom scores from 18 points had worse quality of life scores in 17 of the 21 questions. Conclusion: Inpatients had worse depressive symptoms and quality of life, which was more affected in the physical dimension in those with moderate/severe depressive symptoms. Outpatients with more severe depressive symptoms had worse quality of life in all dimensions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, los síntomas depresivos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y asociar la calidad de vida con los síntomas depresivos. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicaron cuestionarios para evaluar la calidad de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) y síntomas depresivos (Inventario de Depresión de Beck). Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 113 pacientes. Los pacientes ambulatorios son jubilados (p=0,004), con mejor escolaridad (p=0,034) y mayor fracción de eyección ventricular (p=0,001). El grupo hospitalizado presentó mayores síntomas depresivos (18,1±10 vs 14,6±1,3; p=0,036) y menor calidad de vida (74,1±18,7 vs 40,5±3,4; p<0,001) que el grupo ambulatorio. Los pacientes ambulatorios con puntuaciones de síntomas depresivos de 18 puntos tuvieron las peores puntuaciones de calidad de vida en 17 de las 21 preguntas. Conclusión: Los pacientes hospitalizados presentaron peor sintomatología depresiva y calidad de vida, la cual fue más afectada en la dimensión física en aquellos con sintomatología depresiva moderada/severa. Los pacientes ambulatorios con síntomas depresivos más graves tenían peor calidad de vida en todas las dimensiones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas, sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e associar a qualidade de vida com os sintomas depressivos. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes ambulatoriais e hospitalizados. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e aplicados questionários para avaliação da qualidade de vida (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) e sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 113 pacientes. Os ambulatoriais são aposentados (p=0,004), com melhor escolaridade (p=0,034) e maior fração de ejeção ventricular (p=0,001). O grupo hospitalizado teve maiores sintomas depressivos (18,1±10 vs 14,6±1,3; p=0,036) e menor qualidade de vida (74,1±18,7 vs 40,5±3,4; p<0,001) do que o grupo ambulatorial. Pacientes ambulatoriais com escores de sintomas depressivos a partir de 18 pontos apresentaram piores escores de qualidade de vida em 17 das 21 questões. Conclusão: Pacientes hospitalizados tiveram piores sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida, sendo esta mais afetada na dimensão física naqueles com sintomas depressivos moderados/graves. Pacientes ambulatoriais com sintomas depressivos mais severos tiveram pior qualidade de vida em todas as dimensões.

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Introducción: las lesiones cardiacas son entidades desafiantes en la ci-rugía de emergencia, su alta mortalidad obliga a tomar decisiones rápidas y precisas. Metodología: serie de casos que analizó las historias clínicas de pacien-tes con trauma cardiaco atendidos en el Centro de Trauma y Emergencia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM) durante el período noviembre del 2015 ­ abril 2017. Objetivos: presentar el manejo de esta patología, así como su mortalidad en nuestro medio Resultados: durante el período analizado se atendieron 18 pacientes con trauma cardiaco, 12 por lesión penetrante, 2 iatrogénicas y 4 contusos. El sexo masculino fue el más expuesto a estas lesiones. Dentro de las lesiones por violencia la más frecuente fue: lesión por arma blanca 8 casos y fuego 4. La incisión más utilizada para la reparación cardiaca fue la toracotomía lateral izquierda. El ventrículo izquierdo fue el más afectado en 6 pacientes y el derecho en 5. La mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes fue del 17%. Conclusión: la mortalidad en esta serie de casos fue del 17%, el aborda-je quirúrgico fue preferentemente por toracotomía lateral izquierda en un 67%.(AU).

Introduction: cardiac injuries are challenging entities in emergency surgery, their high mortality forces to make prompt and precise decisions.Methodology: there was a series of cases that analyzed the medical records of patients with cardiac trauma treated at the Trauma and Emergency Center of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM) during the period November 2015 - April 2017.Objectives: to expose the management of this pathology, as well as its mortality in our environment Results: a total of 18 patients with cardiac trauma, 12 due to penetrating injury, 2 iatrogenic and 4 contusions were treated during the analyzed period. The male sex was the most exposed to these injuries. Among the violence injuries, the most frequent was: 8 white weapon injuries and 4 gunshot. The incision most used for cardiac repair was the left lateral thoracotomy. The left ventricle was the most affected in 6 patients and the right ventricle in 5 patients. The mortality in this group of patients was 17%.Conclusion: the mortality in these cases was 17%, the surgical approach was preferably by left lateral thoracotomy in 67%.(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função cognitiva de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica e verificar a associação da função cognitiva com as variáveis clínicas e sócio-demográficas. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 79 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca acompanhados em uma clínica especializada. Para a avaliação da função cognitiva, foi utilizado o questionário Mini Exame do Estado Mental. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 79 pacientes elegíveis, 40 (50,6%) são do sexo feminino, 51 (64,6%) são idosos, idade média de 63,30±11,93 e 53,2% aposentados, sendo que 50,6% apresentam classe funcional NYHA III. Para 62,0%, a não-isquêmica é evidenciada como a provável etiologia da doença. DISCUSSÃO: Através dos dados deste estudo, foi possível identificar a associação entre as condições sociodemográficas e clínicas com a cognição de pacientes com IC; mostrando que a idade é uma variável associada a cognição. CONCLUSÃO: Espera-se compreender o nível de cognição dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e os fatores associados com seu comprometimento.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la función cognitiva de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica y verificar la asociación de la función cognitiva con variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal con 79 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca con seguimiento en una clínica especializada. El cuestionario Mini Examen del Estado Mental se utilizó para evaluar la función cognitiva. RESULTADOS: Entre los 79 pacientes elegibles, 40 (50,6%) son del sexo femenino, 51 (64,6%) son ancianos, edad promedio 63,30±11,93 y 53,2% jubilados mientras que el 50,6% presenta NYHA de clase funcional III. Para 62,0%, la no isquémica se evidencia como la probable etiología de la enfermedad. DISCUSIÓN: A través de los datos de este estudio, fue posible identificar la asociación entre las condiciones sociodemográficas y clínicas y la cognición de pacientes con IC, lo que demuestra que la edad es una variable asociada con la cognición. CONCLUSIÓN: Se espera comprender el nivel de cognición de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y los factores asociados con su deterioro.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive function of patients with chronic heart failure and to verify the association of the cognitive function with clinical and socio-demographic variables. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with 79 patients with heart failure followed up at a specialized clinic. The Mini-Mental State Exam questionnaire was used to assess the cognitive function. RESULTS: Among the 79 eligible patients, 40 (50.6%) are female, 51 (64.6%) are older adults, with a mean age of 63.30±11.93 years old, 53.2% are retired, and 50.6% have NYHA III functional class. For 62.0%, non-ischemic is evidenced as the probable etiology of the disease. DISCUSSION: Through the data of this study it was possible to identify the association between the socio-demographic and clinical conditions with the cognition of patients with HF, showing that age is a variable associated with cognition. CONCLUSION: It is expected to understand the level of cognition of patients with heart failure and the factors associated with their impairment.

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PURPOSE: Heart myxomas have been frequently considered as benign lesions associated with Carney's complex. However, after surgical removal, myxomas re-emerge causing dysfunctional heart. METHODS: To identify whether cardiac myxomas may develop a metastatic phenotype as occurs in malignant cancers, a profile of several proteins involved in malignancy such as oncogenes (c-MYC, K-RAS and H-RAS), cancer-associated metabolic transcriptional factors (HIF-1α, p53 and PPAR-γ) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins (fibronectin, vimentin, ß-catenin, SNAIL and MMP-9) were evaluated in seven samples from a cohort of patients with atrial and ventricular myxomas. The analysis was also performed in: (1) cardiac tissue surrounding the area where myxoma was removed; (2) non-cancer heart tissue (NCHT); and (3) malignant triple negative breast cancer biopsies for comparative purposes. RESULTS: Statistical analysis applying univariate (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests) and multivariate analyses (PCA, principal component analysis) revealed that heart myxomas (7-15 times) and myxoma surrounding tissue (22-99 times) vs. NCHT showed high content of c-MYC, p53, vimentin, and HIF-1α, indicating that both myxoma and its surrounding area express oncogenes and malignancy-related proteins as occurs in triple negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Based on ROC (receiver operating characteristics) statistical analysis, c-MYC, HIF-1α, p53, and vimentin may be considered potential biomarkers for malignancy detection in myxoma.

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RESUMEN El control de la hipertensión arterial resulta la medida más efectiva para lograr disminuir la mortalidad total. Una propuesta de actualidad para alcanzar ese propósito es la implementación de regímenes de tratamiento estandarizados, asociados a la prevención secundaria de la cardiopatía isquémica. En este sentido es importante el acceso del paciente a los medicamentos, el trabajo en equipo y la vigilancia del control de la presión arterial y del progreso de los pacientes que reciben el tratamiento, para ello el monitoreo y la evaluación son elementos fundamentales.

ABSTRACT The arterial hypertension control is the most effective measure to reach the decrease of the total mortality. A current proposal to reach this goal is the implementation of standardized treatment regimes, associated to the secondary prevention of the ischemic heart disease. In this sense it is important the access of the patient to the medicines, the team work and the surveillance of the arterial pressure control and the progress of the patients receiving treatment, for what monitoring and assessment are main elements.

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Resumen El envejecimiento de la población ha generado la necesidad de adecuar la valoración preoperatoria para el grupo de los adultos mayores, ya que además de las alteraciones fisiológicas consecuencia del envejecimiento, se añade la elevada comorbilidad y la presencia de síndromes geriátricos que deben considerarse para la estimación del riesgo quirúrgico, con el objetivo de disminuir complicaciones postoperatorias y favorecer la reintegración a su medio social en el menor tiempo posible y con el mayor grado de independencia. La valoración preoperatoria identificará en la anamnesis todas las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos que pueden impactar en el periodo perioperatorio. Deben solicitarse los estudios de laboratorio y gabinete indispensables para medir la severidad de enfermedades conocidas o establecer un nivel basal prequirúrgico, y de ninguna manera la edad justifica indicar pruebas extensas. Como en el adulto joven, la enfermedad cardiovascular es la comorbilidad más prevalente y es primordial su adecuada cuantificación. Un punto importante a determinar es el riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia renal aguda y se debe enfatizar en las medidas preventivas para limitar esta complicación. Una condición asociada a la enfermedad cardiovascular es el uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios o anticoagulantes orales cuyo empleo no debe retrasar los procedimientos quirúrgicos, por lo que su correcto empleo mejorará el desenlace posoperatorio. Finalmente, el riesgo geriátrico debe orientarse a una adecuada evaluación nutricional para la instauración temprana de alimentación adecuada. Debemos determinar el estado basal de la funcionalidad para el inicio de rehabilitación temprana. La evaluación neuropsicológica debe incluir la identificación de factores de riesgo para delirium, presencia de depresión, deterioro cognitivo y alteraciones en el patrón de sueño. También es primordial identificar al adulto mayor con fragilidad, así como evaluar y limitar la polifarmacia.

Abstract The aging population has generated the need to adequate the preoperative evaluation for this population group. In the older adult, in addition to the physiological alterations resulting from aging, the high comorbidity and the presence of geriatric syndromes were added. These should be considered for the estimation of surgical risk in order to reduce postoperative complications and help in the reintegration to their social environment in the shortest time possible and with the highest degree of independence. The preoperative assessment should identify in the anamnesis all the comorbidities and geriatric syndromes that could impact the perioperative period. Only indispensable laboratory and cabinet studies should be requested to measure the severity of known diseases or establish a pre-surgical baseline level and in no way does age justify extensive tests. As in young adults, the cardiovascular disease has the most prevalent comorbidity and its adequate quantification is essential.. An important aspect is to determine the risk of developing an acute renal failure, and the preventive measures should be emphasized to limit this complication. A condition associated with cardiovascular diseases is the use of antiplatelet agents or oral anticoagulants. This condition should not delay the surgical procedures. Therefore, their adequate correction should improve the postoperative outcome. Finally, the geriatric risk should be oriented to an adequate nutritional evaluation for an early implementation of adequate food consumption. We must determine the baseline state of the functionality to initiate an early rehabilitation. Neuropsychological assessment should include the identification of risk factors for delirium, depression, cognitive impairment and alterations of the sleep pattern. It is essential to identify fragility in the elderly, to evaluate and limit polypharmacy.

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Objective: this is it an evaluative study with a quantitative approach that aimed to assess the user satisfactionfor outpatient care, conducted in a referral hospital in the treatment of AIDS in Natal/RN. Method: The target population consisted of all 626 patients with HIV in monitoring. As an instrument of data collection used a structured form. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: was observed that males with a mean age of 38 years, characterize the profile of HIV carriers coming from metropolis, with basic education and family income of up to two minimum wages, and type of heterosexual exposure. Most users deemed the service of assessment unsatisfactory. Was observed a significant difference (ρ< 0,001) between thevariable of satisfaction and the predictor variables. Conclusion: We conclude that the health care service was appointed as being unsatisfactory by respondents demonstrated this by statistical tests.

Objetivo: trata-se de um estudo avaliativo, com abordagem quantitativa que objetivou avaliar a satisfação de usuários durante o atendimento ambulatorial, realizado em um hospital referência no tratamento da Aids em Natal/RN. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 626 portadores de HIV em acompanhamento. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se um formulário estruturado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Observou-se que o perfil dos portadores de HIV caracterizou-se por serem do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 38 anos, procedentes da capital, com ensino fundamental, renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos, e tipo de exposição heterossexual. A avaliação do serviço foi considerada insatisfatória pela maioria dos usuários com uma diferença significativa (ρ<0,001) entre a variável satisfação e as variáveis preditoras. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a atenção à saúde no serviço, foi apontada como insatisfatória pelos pesquisados sendo esta demonstrada pelos testes estatísticos.

Objetivo: se trata de un estúdio evaluativo, con abordaje cuantitativa que tuvo como objetivo evaluar la satisfación de usuarios durante el atendimiento ambulatorial llevada a cabo en un hospital de referencia en el tratamiento de SIDA de Natal/RN. Método: La población del estudio fue compuesta por todos los 626 portadores con seguimiento del VIH.Como instrumento de coleta de los datos fue utilizado un formulário estructurado. Los datos fueron analisados por estadística descritiva y inferencial. Resultados: Se observó que el perfil de los portadores de VIH fue caracterizado por el sexo masculino, con media de idad de 38 años, venidos de la capital, con educación fundamental, renda familiar de hasta dos salarios minimos, y tipo de exposición heterosexual. La evaluación del servicio fue considerada insatisfatoria por la mayoría de los usuarios. Observose una diferencia significativa (p<0,001) entre la variable de la satisfación y las variables preditoras. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la atención a la salud en el servicio, fue apuntada como insatisfatoria por los investigadores siendo demonstrada por los testis estadisticos.

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This study assessed the effects of adding plastics and waste vegetable oil on the quality of coke in the coking process, on a pilot scale. A typical composition of the main plastics found in municipal solid waste was prepared using 33% HDPE, 5% LDPE, 10% PP, 21% PET, 24.8% PS, 5.2% PVC, 1% cellulose and also a 0.5% waste vegetable oil was added. The wastes were added to the coal blends in the proportions of 1%, 2% and 3% for plastics and 0.5% for vegetable oil. Two types of experiments were performed. The first was carried out in a hearth heating furnace (HHF) at temperatures of up to 900°C for a 7 h period. The second was a box test, which consists of heating coal blends in 18L cans using a pilot coking oven, for approximately 20 h at temperatures between 1050 and 1100°C. The quality parameters used for the assessment were the CSR (coke strength after reaction), CRI (coke reactivity index), ash, volatile matter and sulfur in order to identify the effect of plastic and vegetable oil on coke quality. Results for CSR in the HHF averaged 52.3%, and 56.63% in box test trials. The CRI results ranged from 26.6% to 35.7%. Among the different percentages of plastics used, 3% plastic blends provided the most stable CSR results. The industrial furnaces work at temperatures between 1100 and 1350°C and time coking 21-24h, compared to the test conditions achieved in the HHF and pilot furnace with box test. It was concluded that the results of CSR and CRI are consistent with the tests confirming the feasibility of using plastic in the steelmaking process.

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OBJECTIVE: Underweight and stunting are serious problems in Ecuador that require interventions in the first 2 years of life. The researchers assessed the effectiveness of a Positive Deviance (PD)/Hearth community-based intervention using local foods to improve infant and young children's nutrition. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental nonrandomized study was conducted between March and October, 2009. SETTING: The intervention and study were implemented in the Ecuadorian highlands provinces of Chimborazo and Tungurahua. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty mother-child pairs in 6 intervention communities and 184 mother-child pairs in 9 comparison communities. INTERVENTION: Mothers met in participatory peer-led PD/Hearth cooking and nutrition education sessions for 12 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary intake and nutritional status were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up. ANALYSIS: Multiple linear and logistic regression were used for growth outcomes, and ANCOVA for mean dietary intakes. RESULTS: Mothers in the intervention were 1.3-5.7 times more likely to feed their children the promoted foods (P < .05). Children in the intervention consumed a higher percentage of recommended intakes for iron, zinc, vitamin A, protein, and energy (P < .05) at follow-up and had improvements in weight-for-age z-score (ß = .17; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.31). Likelihood of underweight was reduced for children in the intervention (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.96) CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The PD/Hearth interventions support mothers to improve infant and young children's nutrition practices and reduce underweight.

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A análise morfológica buscou verificar a localização do nó e do fascículo atrioventriculares, bem como sua distribuição sob o endocárdio dos ventrículos e descrever as artérias responsáveis pela nutrição do nó, comparando tais aspectos com características já descritas em seres humanos. Foram coletados 30 corações de suínos Landrace, sendo fêmeas com idade entre 2,5 a 3 anos. Inicialmente, 10 corações foram dissecados a fresco, e outros 20 corações foram injetados com solução de neoprene látex, posteriormente fixados em formaldeído a 10% por 72 horas, para então serem dissecados. Foi observado que o nó atrioventricular localiza-se na região caudoventral do septo interatrial, próximo à abertura do seio coronário. Também foram observadas quatro tipos de irrigações, sendo que a principal irrigação encontrada nos suínos trata-se do primeiro ramo septal caudal, proveniente da artéria coronária direita. O fascículo atrioventricular atravessou o esqueleto fibroso em direção ao septo interventricular e se dividiu em dois ramos. O ramo direito desceu em direção ao ápice do coração sob o endocárdio, se distribuindo na parede lateral do ventrículo direito e o ramo esquerdo permaneceu único ou se dividiu em dois e três ramos, que se distribuíram na parede do ventrículo esquerdo. A localização e irrigação do nó atrioventricular, assim como a divisão e a distribuição do fascículo atrioventricular são semelhantes à anatomia humana, podendo ser viável a utilização de suínos como modelo experimental em estudos comparativos que investiguem esse sistema.

Morphological analysis aimed to verify the location of the node and the atrioventricular fasciculus, and its distribution in the endocardium of the ventricles and describe the arteries responsible for nourishing the node, comparing these aspects with features in humans. Were collected 30 Landrace pig hearts, females, 2.5 to 3 years. Initially, 10 hearts were fresh dissected, and in 20 others hearts were injected with neoprene latex solution, later fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 72 hours, then were dissected. It was observed that the atrioventricular node was located in the caudoventral region of the atrial septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus. It was also observed four types of irrigation, and the main irrigation found in pigs was the first septal branch caudal coming from the right coronary artery. The atrioventricular fascicle crossed the fibrous skeleton into the interventricular septum and split into two branches. The right branch came down towards the apex of the heart under the endocardium, up by distributing itself in the lateral wall of the right ventricle, and the left branch remained single or divided in two and three branches, which are distributed in the wall of the left ventricle. Location and irrigation of the atrioventricular node, as well as the division and distribution of fascicle, are similar to Human Anatomy, being viable the use of pigs as an experimental model in comparative studies to investigate this system.

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El estudio clínico fetal relaciona aspectos críticos como la intensidad de las contracciones uterinas, movimientos del feto y frecuencia cardiaca de manera simultánea para evaluar el bienestar fetal. Los cambios periódicos o transitorios de la frecuencia cardiaca son objeto de estudio y aparecen en relación a diversos estímulos fetales como movimientos espontáneos o provocados, contracciones uterinas, hipo fetal, etc. Con este propósito, en una valoración de los mismos es necesario disponer de una constante monitorización, en la que se exprese la frecuencia y la variabilidad cardiaca fetal de manera eficiente. En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de tococardiografía para el registro de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal y la intensidad de las contracciones uterinas compuesto por tres tarjetas electrónicas, una unidad de procesamiento digital paralela, una campana acústica y una pantalla para adquirir y procesar de manera no invasiva las señales tococardiográficas.

Clinical evaluation on fetuses is related to simultaneous critical aspects such as intensity of uterine contractions, fetal movements, and heart rate. Periodic or transient changes in heart rate are studied and appear in relation to various fetal stimuli as spontaneous or induced movements, uterine contractions, fetal hiccups, and so on. Thus, their evaluation is necessary to obtain constant monitoring in which the frequency and variability are expressed efficiently. This paper presents the development of a cardiotochography system for recording fetal heart rate and intensity of uterine contractions, which is composed by three electronic boards, a digital parallel processing unit, a sounds bell and a screen to acquire non-invasively and process tococardiography’s signals.

O estudo clinico fetal relaciona aspectos críticos, como a intensidade das contrações uterinas, movimentos fetais e batimentos cardíacos simultaneamente para avaliar o bem-estar fetal. As mudanças periódicas ou transitórias da frequência cardíaca são estudados e aparecem em relação a vários movimentos fetais espontâneas ou induzidas, as contrações uterinas, soluços fetais, etc. Para este efeito, em uma revisão do mesmo é necessário ter monitoramento constante, na que se exprese a freqüência e variabilidade do ritmo cardíaco fetal de forma eficiente. Este artigo é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um sistema de tococardiografía para registar o ritmo cardíaco fetal e intensidade das contrações uterinas composto por três placas eletrônicas, uma unidade de processamento digital paralelo, uma cabine acústica e uma tela para adquirir e processar de maneira não invasiva as sinais tococardiográficas.

RESUMO

The "Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil" are dispositives of treatment for children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders. This article describes sociodemografic characteristics of users of those centers between September 2008 and February 2009 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from active files randomly selected was collected in 19 Centers in the state of São Paulo. The characteristics analyzed were divided in four groups of variables: identity; living conditions; family structure; schooling and occupation. The results indicated a higher concentration of users between 10 to 14 years-old; prevalence of males; tendency to nuclear and reduced family arrangements (45%); care primarily given by the mother (57%) and high frequency of users attending the regular school (86%). It was possible to identify a well-defined socio demographic profile of users, with differences regarding gender, attending the regular school and/or other institutions, as well as sharing a nuclear family arrangement.(AU)

Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil são dispositivos de tratamento para transtornos mentais severos e persistentes em crianças e adolescentes. O artigo descreve características sociodemográficas de usuários destes centros, entre setembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de prontuários ativos selecionados aleatoriamente em 19 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil do Estado. As características analisadas originaram-se de quatro grupos de variáveis: identificação, moradia, estrutura familiar e escolaridade e ocupação. Os resultados apontaram para uma maior concentração de usuários de 10 a 14 anos de idade; prevalência do sexo masculino; tendência para arranjos familiares nucleares (45%), cuidado predominantemente materno (57%) e grande frequência de usuários em escola regular (86%). Foi identificado um perfil de usuário definido com diferenças de frequência relacionadas ao sexo, inserido na escola regular e/ou em outros tipos de instituições, bem como partilhando da convivência de uma família nuclear, especialmente contando com o cuidado materno.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The "Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil" are dispositives of treatment for children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders. This article describes sociodemografic characteristics of users of those centers between September 2008 and February 2009 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from active files randomly selected was collected in 19 Centers in the state of São Paulo. The characteristics analyzed were divided in four groups of variables: identity; living conditions; family structure; schooling and occupation. The results indicated a higher concentration of users between 10 to 14 years-old; prevalence of males; tendency to nuclear and reduced family arrangements (45%); care primarily given by the mother (57%) and high frequency of users attending the regular school (86%). It was possible to identify a well-defined socio demographic profile of users, with differences regarding gender, attending the regular school and/or other institutions, as well as sharing a nuclear family arrangement...

Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil são dispositivos de tratamento para transtornos mentais severos e persistentes em crianças e adolescentes. O artigo descreve características sociodemográficas de usuários destes centros, entre setembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de prontuários ativos selecionados aleatoriamente em 19 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil do Estado. As características analisadas originaram-se de quatro grupos de variáveis: identificação, moradia, estrutura familiar e escolaridade e ocupação. Os resultados apontaram para uma maior concentração de usuários de 10 a 14 anos de idade; prevalência do sexo masculino; tendência para arranjos familiares nucleares (45%), cuidado predominantemente materno (57%) e grande frequência de usuários em escola regular (86%). Foi identificado um perfil de usuário definido com diferenças de frequência relacionadas ao sexo, inserido na escola regular e/ou em outros tipos de instituições, bem como partilhando da convivência de uma família nuclear, especialmente contando com o cuidado materno...

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Insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é conhecida como uma síndrome clínica complexa e multifatorial, caracterizada pelo prejuízo da ejeção ou enchimento do ventrículo esquerdo. Trata-se de importante problema em saúde pública, sendo a causa mais prevalente de internações por doença cardiovascular e está associada a prognóstico desfavorável em mais de 40% dos casos. O diagnóstico dessa síndrome envolve tanto a história, exame físico e exames complementares como o ecocardiograma e a dosagem do BNP. O tratamento se baseia tanto em terapia não farmacológica quanto farmacológica e tem mostrado grandes benefícios na evolução natural da doença. O objetivo central desta revisão é proporcionar para o profissional clínico uma abordagem aprofundada tanto do diagnóstico quanto do tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca.

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Relato de caso: paciente masculino, de 62 anos, hipertenso, procurou avaliação cardiológicapara risco cirúrgico de varicectomia. Exames realizados como eletrocardiograma,ecocardiograma e ressonância magnética, foram sugestivos de amiloidose cardíaca (AC) e aconfirmação feita através da biópsia cardíaca. Considerações finais: é importante oentendimento e o diagnóstico precoce da doença, a fim de melhorar a sobrevida do paciente

Case report: male patient of 62 years, hypertension, cardiac evaluation sought for surgical riskof varicectomia. Examinations performed as electrocardiography, echocardiography andmagnetic resonance were suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis and the confirmation made bycardiac biopsy. Conclusion: it is important to the understanding and early diagnosis of thedisease in order to improve patient survival.

RESUMO

Introducción La angiogénesis o neovascularización involucra la formación de nuevos conductos en las adyacencias de vasos preexistentes. Esta proliferación vascular es frecuente en varias circunstancias clínicas, como es el caso de la aterosclerosis. Los microvasos de las placas ateroscleróticas coronarias pueden estar vinculados a la inestabilidad de la lesión. Objetivo Correlacionar la presencia de angiogénesis en placas ateroscleróticas con los criterios de vulnerabilidad de la clasificación de la American Heart Association (AHA). Material y métodos En 121 corazones de donantes no diabéticos aparentemente sanos y mayores de 40 años destinados para homoinjertos se examinaron las arterias coronarias y todas las áreas de estrechamiento luminal se sometieron a estudios histológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y morfométricos. Para el análisis de la angiogénesis se empleó un puntaje semicuantitativo (escala 0-3). Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística univariado y multivariado para identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con la angiogénesis. Resultados Se hallaron 143 lesiones de riesgo alto (AHA tipos IV, V y VI) en las arterias descendente anterior (46,3%), circunfleja (28,9%) y coronaria derecha (43%). La angiogénesis se asoció en forma estadísticamente significativa con el grado de oclusión vascular, la infiltración de células inflamatorias, la presencia de centro lipídico, la fibrosis, la periarteritis y, sólo en la descendente anterior, con el antecedente de hipertensión arterial (p < 0,006). Se detectó angiogénesis en 1 placa tipo II, en 5 tipo III, en 21 tipo IV, en 22 tipo V y en 7 placas tipo VI (AHA). Conclusiones La angiogénesis de placas vulnerables se asoció con el grado de oclusión vascular, la infiltración de células inflamatorias, la fibrosis, la presencia de núcleo lipídico y, sólo en la descendente anterior, con el antecedente de hipertensión arterial. No se encontró asociación con la hemorragia intraplaca o la calcificación, lo cual sugiere que la angiogénesis puede anticipar la rotura de las placas.(AU)

Background Angiogenesis or neovascularization involves the formation of new blood vessels adjacent to preexisting vessels. This vascular proliferation is prevalent in various clinical conditions, such as atherosclerosis. Microvessels in coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques may contribute to plaque instability. Objectives The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques with the criteria of plaque vulnerability used by the American Heart Association (AHA). Methods One hundred and twenty one hearts from non-diabetic and apparently healthy transplant donors older than 40 years were selected. The coronary arteries were examined and all areas of cross-sectional luminal narrowing underwent histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. A semi-quantitative score (scale 0-3) was used to identify of angiogenesis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify angiogenesisrelated risk factors. Results On hundred and forty three high-risk lesions (AHA type IV, V and VI) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (46.3%), the circumflex coronary artery (28.9%) and the right coronary artery (43%) were identified. Angiogenesis had a statistically significant association with the severity of vascular occlusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, presence of a lipid core, fibrosis and periarteritis. A history of hypertension (HT) was associated with angiogenesis only in lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). According to the AHA classification angiogenesis was detected in 1 Type II, 5 Type III, 21 Type IV, 22 Type V, and 7 Type VI plaques. Conclusions Angiogenesis in vulnerable plaques was associated with the severity of vascular occlusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis and presence of a lipid core, and with a history of HT in LAD lesions. There was no association between angiogenesis and plaque hemorrhage or calcification, suggesting that angiogenesis may anticipate plaque rupture.(AU)