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Objetivo: Identificar estratégias utilizadas para a gestão de imunobiológicos e as limitações para a adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da área da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa que selecionou publicações em cinco bases de dados, utilizando a estratégia PICo, no período de 2016 a 2020. Utilizou-se os softwares Endnote X5 e Rayyan para identificação de documentos duplicados e cegamento dos avaliadores. Resultados: Totalizaram 15 artigos, dos quais um foi classificado com grau de recomendação alto e 10 artigos com nível de evidência 4, em relação ao delineamento, foram encontrados sete estudos transversais. Constatou-se que 14 (93,3%) abordaram o imunobiológico contra o vírus Influenza. Os estudos foram agrupados em duas categorias para melhor organização das estratégias de gestão e das limitações na adesão às vacinas pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Conclusão: Observou-se como um fator concordante nos diversos estudos para superar as barreiras da hesitação vacinal é importante intensificar as campanhas de comunicação e divulgação, focadas em ações de educação em saúde. Tais estratégias podem ser difundidas e replicadas em diferentes contextos dos serviços de saúde ocupacional. Este estudo contribui para avançar e fortalecer a utilização de estratégias para o gerenciamento de vacinação na saúde do trabalhador. (AU)

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify vaccine management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Methods: An Integrative Review was conducted using five databases. The selection of the studies that had been published from the years 2016 to 2020 was based on the PICo strategy. To allow blinded evaluation and exclude duplicate references, the softwares Endnote and Rayyan were used. Results: 15 articles were selected. One was classified as having a high degree of recommendation and 10 other studies received level of evidence 4. Regarding design, seven studies were cross-sectional. 14 of the total (93.3%) addressed Influenza vaccines. The studies were split in two categories: management strategies and barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers. Conclusion: Several studies agreed that, in order to overcome barriers of adherence to vaccination among healthcare workers, it is important to intensify strategies and campaigns focused on communicating and disseminating health education. Those strategies can be disseminated and replicated in different contexts of occupational health services. This study contributes to advancing and strengthening the use of occupational vaccination management strategies. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias utilizadas para la gestión de inmunobiológicos y las limitaciones para la adherencia a las vacunas por trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Revisión integradora que seleccionó publicaciones en cinco bases de datos, utilizando la estrategia PICo, en el período de 2016 a 2020. Se utilizó el software Endnote X5 y Rayyan para identificar documentos duplicados y cegar a los evaluadores. Resultados: Un total de 15 artículos, uno de los cuales fue clasificado como de alto grado de recomendación y 10 artículos con nivel de evidencia 4, en relación al diseño, se encontraron siete estudios transversales. Se encontró que 14 (93,3%) abordaron la inmunobiología frente al virus Influenza. Los estudios se agruparon en dos categorías para una mejor organización de las estrategias de gestión y las limitaciones en la adherencia a las vacunas por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Conclusión: Se observó como factor de concordancia en varios estudios para superar las barreras de la vacilación vacunal, es importante intensificar las campañas de comunicación y difusión, enfocadas en acciones de educación en salud. Estas estrategias pueden difundirse y replicarse en diferentes contextos de los servicios de salud ocupacional. Este estudio contribuye a avanzar y fortalecer el uso de estrategias de gestión de la vacunación en la salud del trabajador. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: The whole school, whole community, whole child (WSCC) model suggests wellness councils, ongoing review of wellness policy, and a plan for evaluating set objectives are some of the key features needed to support school wellness infrastructure. This study explored the relationship between implementation of these infrastructure features and overall school wellness environment assessment scores among a sampling of Pennsylvania schools. METHODS: The Healthy Champions program provides Pennsylvania schools an opportunity to self-assess their wellness environments across several school wellness topics. Staff enrolled their school in the program by completing a self-report electronic assessment. Enrollment data from the 2020/2021 program year were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and linear fixed model to identify the impact of varied implementation levels across 3 wellness infrastructure activities. Interactions between these variables and overall assessment score were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 645 Pennsylvania schools enrolled and analyzed, we observed higher mean wellness environment assessment scores (∆ 0.74 95% CI 0.40-1.07; p < 0.001) among schools that reported some frequency of all 3 wellness infrastructure activities, compared to schools that reported no frequency for the activities. IMPLICATIONS: Schools with existing policies and practices related to the 3 wellness infrastructure activities should consider the degree of implementation to best support overall wellness in their school setting. Additional research to explore implementation barriers and supports is needed. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses indicated that overall wellness environment assessment scores are impacted by implementation thresholds for wellness council meeting frequency, revision of wellness policy, and review of student health promotion objectives.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as potencialidades e desafios existentes no cuidado a usuários de substâncias psicoativas em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família através da percepção dos profissionais. Método: Estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado por meio da Avaliação de Quarta Geração, desenvolvido em 2023, numa Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com 19 profissionais. Foram utilizadas técnicas de etnografia prévia, entrevistas com aplicação do círculo hermenêutico-dialético, para análise dos dados utilizou-se o método comparativo constante. Resultados: ão potencialidades o comprometimento da equipe e matriciamento. Os desafios são as dificuldades dos vínculos com os usuários, os medos, os estigmas, os despreparos da equipe, a falta de estrutura física e profissionais. Conclusão: Este estudo contribuiu para o desvelamento dos desafios encontrados no cuidado à usuários de drogas e pretende fomentar um atendimento voltado para o acolhimento e integralidade do sujeito.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the potential and challenges in caring for users of psychoactive substances in a Family Health Strategy through the perception of professionals. Method: A qualitative case study was carried out using the Fourth Generation Evaluation, developed in 2023, in a Family Health Strategy in a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 19 professionals. Previous ethnographic techniques were used, interviews were conducted using the hermeneutic-dialectic circle, and the constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Results: Team commitment and matrix support are potentialities. The challenges are difficulties establishing bonds with users, fears, and stigmas, the team's lack of preparation, and the lack of physical structure and professionals. Conclusion: This study has helped to uncover the challenges encountered in caring for drug users and aims to promote care that embraces and integrates the individual.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las potencialidades y desafíos en la atención a usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas en una Estrategia de Salud Familiar a través de la percepción de los profesionales. Método: Estudio de caso cualitativo, realizado utilizando la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación, desarrollada en 2023, en una Estrategia de Salud Familiar en un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, con 19 profesionales. Se utilizaron técnicas etnográficas previas, así como entrevistas con la aplicación del círculo hermenéutico-dialéctico, y se empleó el método comparativo constante para analizar los datos. Resultados: El compromiso del equipo y el apoyo de la matriz son potencialidades. Los retos son las dificultades para establecer vínculos con los usuarios, los miedos, los estigmas, la falta de preparación por parte del equipo, la falta de estructura física y de profesionales. Conclusión: Este estudio ha contribuido a desvelar los retos a los que se enfrenta la atención a los consumidores de drogas y pretende promover una atención orientada a acoger e integrar al individuo.

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola, identificando as ações desenvolvidas, bem como fatores que influenciam a prática profissional no cotidiano e estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde frente às limitações encontradas. Foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso do tipo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado com 20 profissionais de saúde, dirigentes do programa, em uma clínica da família no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, contendo perguntas específicas e perguntas abertas sobre o tema. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de Bardin. Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias e constataram a predominância de ações com enfoque direcionado aos determinantes biológicos e higienistas, confirmando o distanciamento do conceito ampliado de saúde nas práticas de promoção da saúde. As problemáticas encontradas referem-se a escassez de recursos materiais e humanos, carência de capacitação e educação continuada, falta de planejamento e infraestrutura organizacional, violência no território, além do período pandêmico vivenciado durante o estudo. Por outro lado, emergiu a consolidação do relacionamento entre saúde e escola, demonstrando a presença do diálogo intersetorial e incorporação das ações de saúde no cotidiano escolar.

Abstract The study aimed to analyze the implementation of the School Health Program, identifying the actions developed, as well as factors that influence professional practice in daily life and strategies adopted by health professionals in view of the limitations found. The exploratory-descriptive case study method was used, with a qualitative approach. The study was carried out with 20 health professionals, program directors, in a family clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, containing specific questions and open questions that discussed the topic. Data were analyzed using the Bardin technique. The results were grouped into categories and found the predominance of actions focused on biological and hygienist determinants, confirming the distance from the expanded concept of health in health promotion practices. The problems encountered refer to the scarcity of material and human resources, lack of training and continuing education, lack of planning and organizational infrastructure, violence in the territory, in addition to the pandemic period experienced during the study. On the other hand, the consolidation of the relationship between health and school emerged, demonstrating the presence of intersectoral dialogue and the incorporation of health actions in the school routine.

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Resumen El desarrollo científico, tecnológico y económico del cannabis medicinal requiere la evolución de las normas y políticas públicas que abordan el fenómeno del redescubrimiento de la potencia científica y terapéutica del cannabis medicinal de calidad farmacéutica. Para encarar la problemática de la inexistencia de productos derivados de cannabis de industria nacional con aprobación sanitaria, el Gobierno de Jujuy decidió implementar un abordaje estatal integral de salud pública. En este artículo desarrollamos los ejes centrales de un modelo de gestión que comprende la creación de un marco legal e institucional, la implementación de un programa sanitario que incluye la capacitación profesional, la investigación y la elaboración de evidencia cientí fica de alta calidad, en el marco de un programa de producción pública de cannabis de grado farmacéutico que abarca toda la cadena productiva, desde el cultivo hasta la elaboración farmacéutica y la posterior distribución en farmacias bajo normas internacionales de buenas prácticas. El programa se encuentra en vigencia desde 2017, dentro de un panorama regulatorio nacional en desarrollo que convive con la estigmatización de la planta de cannabis en el marco social y médico, las dificultades de financiación y la escasa evidencia mundial en planes sanitarios efectivos de cannabis medicinal. Nuestra experiencia puede colaborar con otros administradores de salud, con semejante o diferente socio-demografía y entorno regulatorio, para resolver las barreras de acceso al cannabis medicinal y mejorar las condiciones de los pacientes que lo requieran.

Abstract The scientific, technological, and economic development of medicinal cannabis requires the evolution of public regulations and policies that address the phenomenon of the rediscovery of the scientific and therapeutic power of medicinal cannabis of pharmaceutical quality. To address the problem of the non-existence of cannabis-derived products from the national industry with health approval, the Government of Jujuy decided to implement a comprehensive state approach to public health. In this article we develop the central axes of a management model, which includes the creation of a legal and institutional framework, the implementation of a health program that includes professional training, research and the preparation of scientific evidence of high quality, within the framework of a program for the public production of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis that covers the entire pro duction chain, from cultivation to pharmaceutical preparation and subsequent distribution in pharmacies under international standards of good practice. The program has been in force since 2017, focusing on the challenges of a developing national regulatory landscape that coexists with the stigmatization of the cannabis plant in the social and medical framework, the difficulties of financing and the scarce world evidence in effective health plans of medical cannabis. Our experience can collaborate with other health administrators, with similar or different socio-demographics and regulatory environment, to resolve barriers to access to medical cannabis and improve the conditions of patients who require it.

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The scientific, technological, and economic development of medicinal cannabis requires the evolution of public regulations and policies that address the phenomenon of the rediscovery of the scientific and therapeutic power of medicinal cannabis of pharmaceutical quality. To address the problem of the non-existence of cannabisderived products from the national industry with health approval, the Government of Jujuy decided to implement a comprehensive state approach to public health. In this article we develop the central axes of a management model, which includes the creation of a legal and institutional framework, the implementation of a health program that includes professional training, research and the preparation of scientific evidence of high quality, within the framework of a program for the public production of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis that covers the entire production chain, from cultivation to pharmaceutical preparation and subsequent distribution in pharmacies under international standards of good practice. The program has been in force since 2017, focusing on the challenges of a developing national regulatory landscape that coexists with the stigmatization of the cannabis plant in the social and medical framework, the difficulties of financing and the scarce world evidence in effective health plans of medical cannabis. Our experience can collaborate with other health administrators, with similar or different socio-demographics and regulatory environment, to resolve barriers to access to medical cannabis and improve the conditions of patients who require it.

El desarrollo científico, tecnológico y económico del cannabis medicinal requiere la evolución de las normas y políticas públicas que abordan el fenómeno del redescubrimiento de la potencia científica y terapéutica del cannabis medicinal de calidad farmacéutica. Para encarar la problemática de la inexistencia de productos derivados de cannabis de industria nacional con aprobación sanitaria, el Gobierno de Jujuy decidió implementar un abordaje estatal integral de salud pública. En este artículo desarrollamos los ejes centrales de un modelo de gestión que comprende la creación de un marco legal e institucional, la implementación de un programa sanitario que incluye la capacitación profesional, la investigación y la elaboración de evidencia científica de alta calidad, en el marco de un programa de producción pública de cannabis de grado farmacéutico que abarca toda la cadena productiva, desde el cultivo hasta la ela boración farmacéutica y la posterior distribución en farmacias bajo normas internacionales de buenas prácticas. El programa se encuentra en vigencia desde 2017, dentro de un panorama regulatorio nacional en desarrollo que convive con la estigmatización de la planta de cannabis en el marco social y médico, las dificultades de financiación y la escasa evidencia mundial en planes sanitarios efectivos de cannabis medicinal. Nuestra experiencia puede colaborar con otros administradores de salud, con semejante o diferente socio-demografía y entorno regulatorio, para resolver las barreras de acceso al cannabis medicinal y mejorar las condiciones de los pacientes que lo requieran.

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AIM: To evaluate the readiness of the Mexican healthcare system to implement the integrated care for older people (ICOPE) approach into an existing healthcare model. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with data from 2473 healthcare workers analyzed using the model for understanding success in quality (MUSIQ) framework to gather data from healthcare professionals. Their perceptions regarding the readiness for ICOPE were assessed across five dimensions: team, microsystem, infrastructure, organization, and external environment. RESULTS: Only 717 (29%) of the participants believed ICOPE could be successfully implemented in Mexico without any modifications. A total of 1261 (51%) participants rated the readiness of ICOPE with some barriers. The main barriers were reallocating resources and the external environment. OBSERVATION: Mexico's healthcare system faces barriers to innovation that could hinder the successful integration of the ICOPE approach. A systematic identification of these barriers provides an opportunity to suggest adaptations and refinements to increase the probability of success. Using the contextual factors identified as facilitators and the proposal of interventions such as the ICOPE app could improve the chances of success. CONCLUSION: The participants of this study evaluated ICOPE as ready to implement, with some contextual barriers. The readiness evaluation supports the stakeholders' and policymakers' decisions in implementing and monitoring the program in a natural setting. Evaluating the readiness of the intervention increases the possibility of aligning the innovation with contextual factors, increasing the chances of its successful adoption and implementation.

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A Promoção da Saúde vem se legitimando cada vez mais nos últimos anos, principalmente com a implantação de programas que buscam impulsionar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Nesse sentido, compreender e avaliar um programa de promoção à saúde torna-se relevante para o seu planejamento, o que proporciona maior visibilidade do ponto de vista político e melhor utilização de recursos públicos. Construir o Modelo Lógico remete a representação gráfica do que é um programa, enquanto que os indicadores são instrumentos para mensurar uma realidade, possibilitam um retrato e acompanhamento das situações e que proporcionam a avaliação e o planejamento das ações na saúde. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver instrumentos e ferramentas para a avaliação do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) do Município de Belo Horizonte, MG, de forma a dar visibilidade aos resultados de suas ações. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada foi a abordagem qualitativa, descritiva a partir de uma análise documental, a fim construir e validar o modelo lógico e os indicadores do PAS de Belo Horizonte. A coleta e a análise dos dados foram divididas em três etapas, a primeira refere-se ao levantamento de dados oriundos de documentos e do sistema de informação relativo ao PAS da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMSA) de Belo Horizonte. Na segunda, foi realizada a construção do modelo lógico e sua validação junto à coordenação SMSA do PAS de Belo Horizonte. Na última, foram construídos os indicadores do programa estratificados em: estrutura, processo e resultado. A análise documental possibilitou a compreensão do PAS de Belo Horizonte, a redefinição do seu objetivo e do problema que se propõe solucionar com o seu funcionamento. Foram identificados 1 (uma) Portaria e 21 (vinte e um) documentos internos e outros 7 (sete) documentos do Ministério da Saúde considerados importantes para esta análise. Como resultado da construção do Modelo Lógico foi possível conhecer o PAS no âmbito municipal, traçar seus objetivos, público-alvo e identificar o problema que o programa visa superar, vislumbrar seus resultados e impactos. Outro importante feito sobreveio da elaboração de 20 (vinte) indicadores para o PAS de Belo Horizonte, que tem como intenção apontar em que medida os objetivos foram alcançados em um determinado tempo. Para tanto, foram estratificados em 8 (oito) indicadores de estrutura, 7 (sete) de processo e 5 (cinco) de resultado. Em relação aos indicadores de resultado, por serem aqueles que de alguma forma dão visibilidade aos resultados das ações do PAS, esses remetem a percepção subjetiva de saúde dos usuários, a prevalência de dores corporais crônicas, a comparação do uso de medicamentos contínuos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na avaliação com a reavaliação, o interesse na comparação do Índice de massa corporal (IMC) de usuários sobrepesos e obesos e a comparação da pontuação do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 (IVCF-20) dos usuários do PAS. Ressalta-se, ainda, que esta pesquisa possibilitou a entrega de um produto técnico, que consiste em um relatório detalhado contendo o modelo lógico e a ficha de cada indicador produzido para o PAS de Belo Horizonte, MG. Por fim, espera-se que o estudo oportunize produções científicas, avaliações e monitoramento do PAS, promovendo a melhora da qualidade do serviço ofertado à população.

Promotion of health has been increasingly legitimized in recent years, especially with the implementation of programs that seek to boost individuals' quality of life. In this sense, understanding and evaluating a health promotion program becomes relevant for its planning, which provides greater visibility from a political point of view and better use of public resources. Constructing the Logical Model refers to the graphical representation of what a program is, while indicators are instruments for measuring a reality, enabling a portrayal and monitoring of situations and facilitating the evaluation and planning of health actions. Therefore, the present study aims to develop instruments and tools for evaluating the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, in order to provide visibility to the results of its actions. For this purpose, the adopted methodology was a qualitative, descriptive approach based on document analysis, in order to construct and validate the logical model and indicators of the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in Belo Horizonte. The data collection and analysis were divided into three stages. The first stage involved gathering data from documents and the information system related to the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) of the Municipal Health Department (MHD) (SMSA) of Belo Horizonte. The second stage involved constructing the logical model and validating it with the coordination of Municipal Health Department (MHD) (SMSA) for the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in Belo Horizonte. In the final stage, the indicators of the program were developed stratified into three phases: structure, process, and outcome. The document analysis allowed for an understanding of the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in Belo Horizonte, the redefinition of its objective, and the problem that it aims to solve through its operation. One ordinance and twenty-one internal documents were identified, along with seven documents from the Health Department, considered important for this analysis. As a result of constructing the Logical Model, it was possible to understand the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) at the municipal level, outline its objectives, target audience, and identify the problem that the program aims to overcome, envisioning its results and impacts. Another important outcome was the development of twenty indicators for the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in Belo Horizonte, intended to indicate to what extent the objectives were achieved within a specific timeframe. For this purpose, the indicators were stratified into eight structural indicators, seven process indicators, and five outcome indicators. Regarding the outcome indicators, as they are the ones that in some way provide visibility to the results of the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) actions, they refer to the subjective perception of users' health, the prevalence of chronic bodily pain, the comparison of continuous medication use for noncommunicable chronic diseases in the evaluation and reevaluation, the interest in comparing the Body Mass Index (BMI) of overweight and obese users, and comparing the score of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (CFVI-20) (IVCF-20) of Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) users. It is also worth noting that this research enabled the delivery of a technical product, consisting of a detailed report containing the logical model and a record for each indicator produced for the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS) in Belo Horizonte, MG. Finally, it is expected that the study will foster scientific productions, evaluations, and monitoring of the Health Academy Program (HAP) (PAS), promoting improvement in the quality of service offered to the population.

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In occupational medicine, evidence-based practices are essential for assessing the accuracy, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of any technologies used in health programs. This opinion article reflects on the use of imaging tests to screen for workers at risk of low back pain disability and to recommend avoiding tasks that involve high biomechanical risk. The limitations of such testing are discussed through basic epidemiological concepts and evidence collected from systematic reviews.

A aplicação da saúde baseada em evidências publicadas ou locais na prática da medicina do trabalho é essencial para avaliação da acurácia, efetividade e custo-efetividade de quaisquer tecnologias de saúde implementadas no programa de saúde ocupacional. Neste artigo de opinião, os autores refletem sobre o uso de exames de imagem para detecção precoce de trabalhadores com maior risco de adoecimento por dor lombar associada a inaptidão para atuar em atividades com maior risco ocupacional biomecânico de dorsalgia. As limitações dessa prática são discutidas por meio de conceitos básicos da epidemiologia e evidências publicadas preferencialmente em revisões sistemáticas. Não recomendamos a sua utilização para os objetivos ocupacionais citados neste artigo.

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Abstract Since 2013, the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica has provided a preventive and restorative oral health program at Carmen Lyra Public School. The first generation of students that received dental care from this project were examined in 2019 for caries status. A total of 62 twelve-year-old schoolchildren were examined (31 boys and 31 girls). First, all teeth surfaces were cleaned with a brush and then rinsed. Subsequently, examination was performed in each person by a calibrated examiner using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Prevalence of dental caries was 59.7%. ICDAS code 2 was the most prevalent (68.8%), followed by 1 (19.3%), 5 (4.5%), 3 (3.5%), 6 (2.5%), and 4 (1.4%). Regarding number of carious surfaces, the highest prevalence was observed in the occlusal surfaces (77.3%), followed by the vestibular (13.9%), mesial (4.2%), palatal/ lingual (4,1%) and distal (0.5%). Of these carious surfaces, 7% were caries associated with restorations and were present only on the occlusal surfaces. Boys had more cavities than girls (54.1% compared to 45.9%), however, this difference was not significant. Regarding the condition of restorations in teeth, 92 dental restorations (resin or amalgam) were found in the population studied and were well adjusted. Most of these restorations were found on the occlusal surfaces (82.6%), followed by vestibular surfaces (8.7%,) palatal/lingual (5.4%) surfaces, mesial surfaces (3.3%), and no restorations were detected on the distal surfaces. Sealants were identified in 11.3% schoolchildren; 98% were identified on the occlusal surfaces and the other 2% were found on the palatal/lingual surfaces. DMFT Index was 1.6±0.71. The prevalence of dental caries in this sample was low compared to other studies in twelve-year-old schoolchildren in Costa Rica. This may suggest that the oral health program had a positive impact in the studied population.

Resumen Desde el año 2013, la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica ha brindado un programa de prevención y rehabilitación oral en la Escuela Carmen Lyra. La primera generación de estudiantes que recibieron atención dental por parte de este programa, fueron examinados en el año 2019 para determinar la prevalencia de caries. Se examinó a 62 escolares de 12 años (31 niños y 31 niñas). Primero, todas las superficies de los dientes se limpiaron con un cepillo y luego se enjuagaron. Posteriormente, el examen fue realizado en cada participante por un examinador calibrado utilizando el Sistema Internacional de Detección y Evaluación de Caries (ICDAS). La prevalencia de caries dental fue del 59,7%. El código ICDAS 2 fue el más prevalente (68,8%), seguido de 1 (19,3%), 5 (4,5%), 3 (3,5%), 6 (2,5%) y 4 (1,4%). En cuanto al número de superficies cariadas, la mayor prevalencia se observó en las superficies oclusales (77,3%), seguidas de las vestibulares (13,9%), mesiales (4,2%), palatinas/linguales (4,1%) y distales (0,5%). De estas superficies cariadas, el 7% eran caries asociadas con restauraciones y estaban presentes solo en las superficies oclusales. Los niños tenían más caries que las niñas (54,1% en comparación con el 45,9%), sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue significativa. En cuanto al estado de las restauraciones dentales, se encontraron 92 restauraciones dentales (resina o amalgama) en la población estudiada y se encontraban bien ajustadas. La mayoría de estas restauraciones se encontraron en las superficies oclusales (82,6%), seguidas de las superficies vestibulares (8,7%), superficies palatinas/linguales (5,4%), superficies mesiales (3,3%) y no se detectaron restauraciones en las superficies distales. Se identificaron sellantes de fosas y fisuras en el 11,3% de los escolares. El 98% de estos sellantes se identificó en las superficies oclusales y el otro 2% se encontró en las superficies palatino/lingual. El índice CPOD fue de 1,6±0.71. La prevalencia de caries dental en esta muestra fue baja en comparación con otros estudios en escolares de doce años en Costa Rica. Esto sugiere que el programa de salud bucal tuvo un impacto positivo en la población estudiada.

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The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the central role of the One Health (OH) approach, as a multisectoral and multidisciplinary perspective, to tackle health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. This study assessed Brazilian preparedness and response to COVID-19 and zoonoses with a focus on the OH approach and equity dimensions. We conducted an environmental scan using a protocol developed as part of a multi-country study. The article selection process resulted in 45 documents: 79 files and 112 references on OH; 41 files and 81 references on equity. The OH and equity aspects are poorly represented in the official documents regarding the COVID-19 response, either at the federal and state levels. Brazil has a governance infrastructure that allows for the response to infectious diseases, including zoonoses, as well as the fight against antimicrobial resistance through the OH approach. However, the response to the pandemic did not fully utilize the resources of the Brazilian state, due to the lack of central coordination and articulation among the sectors involved. Brazil is considered an area of high risk for emergence of zoonoses mainly due to climate change, large-scale deforestation and urbanization, high wildlife biodiversity, wide dry frontier, and poor control of wild animals' traffic. Therefore, encouraging existing mechanisms for collaboration across sectors and disciplines, with the inclusion of vulnerable populations, is required for making a multisectoral OH approach successful in the country.

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Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los trabajadores que son parte de la vigilancia médica ocupacional de un servicio de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal de un grupo de trabajadores diagnosticados con COVID-19 que estuvieron bajo vigilancia médico-ocupacional del 18 de marzo al 31 de julio del 2020. Se analizó la información con el software estadístico Stata(R) 15.0. Resultados: El género masculino fue el más afectado, con el 77,16 %, y comprendió al grupo etario de 20 a 39 años, con el 63,30 %. Por otro lado, la ausencia de comorbilidades fue del 81,11 %; sin embargo, el 18,9 % restante presentó una o más comorbilidades, y la más frecuente fue la obesidad, con el 61,95 %, seguida del asma, con un 11,09 %. El dolor de garganta y la tos fueron los síntomas más frecuentes, con un 20,67 % y un 19,78 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La población estudiada fue predominantemente adulta joven, del sexo masculino, sin comorbilidades, que no presentó ningún síntoma predominante ni necesitó hospitalización.

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of workers kept under occupational medical surveillance conducted by an occupational safety and health service. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study of a group of workers diagnosed with COVID-19 kept under occupational medical surveillance from March 18 to July 31, 2020. The data was analyzed using the Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. Results: Males were more severely affected than females (77.16 %), among which the 20- to 39-year-old age group prevailed (63.30 %). On the other hand, study subjects with no comorbidities accounted for 81.11 %. However, the remaining 18.9 % presented one or more comorbidities, with obesity being the most frequent one (61.95 %), followed by asthma (11.09 %). Sore throat and cough were the most common symptoms with 20.67 % and 19.78 %, respectively. Conclusions: The study population mainly consisted of young male adults with no comorbidities, who neither showed predominant symptoms nor required hospitalization.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in a metallurgical plant. Methods: a longitudinal case study (2003-2018) was carried out and a Hearing Conservation Program assessed with interviews and document verification. The assessment also included 2,350 audiometric examinations and occupational noise exposure of 152 Hearing Conservation Program - participating employees, collecting the data from the company's database. Results: high compliance indices regarding occupational noise -induced hearing loss - prevention Hearing Conservation Program practices were found between 2003 and 2018. The comparison between 2018 and 2003 showed a reduced number of workers exposed to noise at 85 dB(A) or above. The final prevalence of audiometric changes suggestive of occupational noise-induced hearing loss that remained in degree I differed from the initial one in the period. The high Hearing Conservation Program percentages and low occupational noise-induced hearing loss indicators point to an inverse relationship between them. Conclusion: the results suggest a positive impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in this metallurgical plant, in the period studied.

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O Brasil é signatário do documento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para eliminação das hepatites virais até 2030. Uma das estratégias para eliminação das hepatites virais é aumentar o número de diagnósticos e tratamentos. A migração dos medicamentos de hepatites virais crônicas B e C do componente especializado para o componente estratégico da assistência farmacêutica foi regulamentado pela portaria 1537 do Ministério da Saúde de Junho de 2020 e normatizada pela Nota Técnica 319 de 2020. Para essa transição foi organizado um cronograma com as etapas do processo e implantação do Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (SICLOM) nos estados. O SICLOM é um sistema de cadastro de usuário, dispensação dos medicamentos, controle de estoque, avaliação dos critérios para prescrição dos medicamentos, além de emitir relatórios sobre quantidade de medicamentos dispensados. Uma etapa fundamental do processo foi a pactuação das Unidade Dispensadoras Municipais (UDM) no âmbito das Comissões Intergestores Regionais (CIR) e, posteriormente, na Comissão Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) para deliberar que essas unidades iniciassem o processo como farmácias dispensadoras de medicamentos de hepatites B e C no componente estratégico, utilizando o sistema SICLOM, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o processo e avaliar os resultados relacionados ao número de pontos de atendimento e o quantitativo de tratamentos dispensados no período de julho de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022 no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia compreendeu uma revisão da literatura sobre o papel do tratamento como estratégia de eliminação das hepatites virais e a descrição das atividades previstas e realizadas na linha do tempo desde o início do processo após o embasamento legal e da publicação das normativas e a extração dos dados e informações sobre o número de tratamentos do SICLOM. A migração resultou em 1084 tratamentos de julho a dezembro de 2021, correspondendo a 56,4% do total dos 1922 tratamentos dispensados pelo Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) durante todo o ano de 2020. A migração transcorreu com sucesso, aumentou de 29 polos de dispensação especializados para 61 UDM que são as farmácias do componente estratégico, tornando a dispensação mais ágil do que a espera anterior. Apesar dos efeitos negativos provocados pela pandemia pode-se considerar que houve um grande avanço na política pública de assistência às hepatites virais.

Brazil is a signatory country to the World Health Organization (WHO) document for the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. One of the strategies to eliminate viral hepatitis is to increase the number of diagnoses and treatments. The migration of drugs for chronic viral hepatitis B and C from the specialized component to the strategic component of pharmaceutical care was regulated by ordinance 1537 of the Ministry of Health of June 2020 and standardized by Technical Note 319 of 2020. A schedule was organized for this transition with the steps of the process and implementation of the logistics and dispensing system (SICLOM) in the states. SICLOM is a user registration system, drug dispensing, inventory control, evaluation of drug prescription criteria, in addition to issuing reports on the quantity of drugs dispensed. A fundamental step in the process was the agreement between the Municipal Dispensing Units (UDM) within the scope of the Regional Inter-management Commissions (CIR) and, later, in the Bipartite Inter-management Commission (CIB) to decide that these units would start the process as pharmacies that dispense hepatitis drugs. B and C in the strategic component, using the SICLOM system, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of this work is to describe the process and evaluate the results related to the number of service points and quantitative of treatments dispensed from July/2021 to February/2022 in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology included a literature review on the role of treatment as a strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis, and the description of the activities planned and carried out in the timeline since the beginning of the process after the legal basis and the publication of norms, and the extraction of data and information on the number of treatments from SICLOM. The migration resulted in 1084 treatments from July to December 2021, corresponding to 56.4% of the total 1922 treatments dispensed by the Specialized Pharmaceutical Assistance Component (CEAF) throughout 2020. The migration was successful, increasing from 29 specialized dispensing centers to 61 DMUs, which are the pharmacies of the strategic component, making dispensing more agile than the previous wait. Despite the negative effects caused by the pandemic, it can be considered that there was a great advance in the public policy of assistance to viral hepatitis.

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Se realizó un estudio en 106 estudiantes peruanos adscritos 3 instituciones universitarias, los cuales fueron reincorporados al proceso académico bajo la modalidad semipresencial en los meses de mayo y junio de 2021, de acuerdo a las resoluciones ministeriales. Se diseñó un programa de salud dirigido al autocuidado por COVID-19 en el contexto del riesgo biológico inherente a la interacción con los diversos actores académicos dada la modalidad presencial de estudio, considerando la evidencia científica y los lineamientos gubernamentales para el sector educativo. Posterior a la revisión y validación de un panel de 9 expertos, se establecieron 15 temáticas distribuidas en 5 dimensiones, haciendo uso de recursos virtuales científicos y académicos. Para explorar los efectos del modelo instruccional en el desarrollo de las competencias de los estudiantes, 53 de ellos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo donde se aplicaron estrategias lúdicas adicionales de acuerdo al Entorno Virtual Sincrónico (EVS) mientras que los 53 restantes recibieron actividades lúdicas propias del Entorno Virtual Asincrónico (EVA)., el análisis de los procesos evaluativos de ambos entornos permite considerar que los estudiantes adscritos al EVS lograron desarrollar mejores actitudes y prácticas en 4 de las 5 competencias planteadas en comparación a los alumnos del EVA, diferencia que fue estadísticamente significativa en la práctica de las competencias actuar ante la COVID-19 (x2=4,898; p=0,027), replicar el autocuidado en el entorno y la comunidad (x2=7,609; p=0,006) y aplicar medidas para prevenir la transmisión, tanto en su componente actitudinal (x2=3,938; p=0,047) como práctico (x2=7,609; p=0,006). Se propone que el EVS permite un mejor desarrollo de las competencias en los programas de salud(AU)

A study was carried out on 106 Peruvian students assigned to 3 university institutions, who were reincorporated into the academic process under the blended modality in the months of May and June 2021, in accordance with ministerial resolutions. A health program aimed at self-care for COVID-19 was designed in the context of the biological risk inherent in the interaction with the various academic actors given the face-to-face study modality, considering the scientific evidence and government guidelines for the education sector. After the review and validation of a panel of 9 experts, 15 themes distributed in 5 dimensions were established, making use of scientific and academic virtual resources. To explore the effects of the instructional model on the development of student competencies, 53 of them were randomly assigned to a group where additional playful strategies were applied according to the Synchronous Virtual Environment (SVE), while the remaining 53 received their own playful activities. of the Asynchronous Virtual Environment (EVA), the analysis of the evaluative processes of both environments allows us to consider that the students assigned to the EVS managed to develop better attitudes and practices in 4 of the 5 competences proposed in comparison to the EVA students, a difference that was statistically significant in the practice of competencies act before COVID-19 (x2=4.898; p=0.027), replicate self-care in the environment and the community (x2=7.609; p=0.006) and apply measures to prevent transmission, both in its attitudinal component (x2=3.938; p=0.047) and practical (x2=7.609; p=0.006). It is proposed that the EVS allows a better development of competencies in health programs(AU)

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Few reports have shared the workflows to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections among risk groups, including healthcare workers (HCWs). This study describes an occupational health program implemented to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and establishes a back-to-work algorithm in HCWs of 129 Salud Digna outpatient care clinics in Mexico. This program was composed of training plans, screening SARS-CoV-2 infections, the containment of infections, follow-up COVID-19 cases, and continuing supervision in addition to the steady supply and training for the correct use of PPE. From 16 April 2020 to 15 April 2021, 7376 individuals were enrolled, of which 423 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or refused the follow-up. In the cohort studied, we found a COVID-19 incidence of 35.4% (2610 individuals), lower hospitalization (0.11%), ICU (0.04%) and lethality rate (0.04%). Additionally, 85.9% of COVID-19 cases tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 after 14 days of the first positive test with an average isolation time of 26-33 days. Finally, 99% of people received personal protective equipment and adequate training to use it. Our results show that the program implemented reduced the hospitalization ICU admission and lethality in HCWs; we consider this workflow to help other workplaces offer safe conditions for HCWs and patients.

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A avaliação externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) ocorreu para verificação in loco dos itens pactuados entre os municípios e o Ministério da Saúde. Equipes foram constituídas e treinadas e viajaram a campo para coletar dados no Piauí. Objetivou-se compreender os significados da experiência da avaliação externa no PMAQ-AB atribuídos pelos supervisores e entrevistadores no estado do Piauí. Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Exploramos três unidades de significado: memórias que vivi, que senti e que percebi. O trabalho das equipes foi longo, intenso e desafiador. Percebemos uma realidade diversa da Atenção Básica à Saúde, destacando a necessidade de organização e funcionamento dos serviços. Ademais, os encontros dos entrevistadores com os usuários, profissionais e gestores dispararam reflexões importantes quanto à Atenção Básica à Saúde no Piauí. (AU)

The external evaluation of the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB) was conducted to assess the items agreed between municipalities and the Ministry of Health in loco. Teams were formed and trained and travelled to the field to collect data in the State of Piauí. The aim of the study was to understand the meanings of the PMAQ-AB external evaluation experience assigned by supervisors and interviewers in Piauí. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews exploring three units of meaning: memories that I experienced, what I felt, and what I realized. The work was long, intense and challenging. We witnessed varying primary health care realities, highlighting the need to organize and make the services work. The interviewees' meetings with the service users, professionals and managers stimulated important reflections on primary health care in Piauí. (AU)

La evaluación externa del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y de la Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB, por sus siglas en portugués) se realizó para la verificación in situ de los ítems pactados entre los municipios y el Ministerio de la Salud. Se constituyeron y capacitaron equipos que viajaron a campo para colectar datos en el Estado de Piauí. El objetivo fue comprender los significados de la experiencia de la evaluación externa en el PMA1-AB atribuidos por los supervisores y entrevistadores en el Estado de Piauí. Desarrollamos una investigación cualitativa a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Exploramos tres unidades de significado: memorias que viví, que sentí, que percibí. El trabajo de los equipos fue largo, intenso y desafiador. Percibimos una realidad diversa de la Atención Básica de la Salud, destacándose la necesidad de organización y funcionamiento de los servicios. Además, los encuentros de los entrevistadores con los usuarios, profesionales y gestores desencadenaron reflexiones importantes con relación a la Atención Básica de la Salud en el Estado de Piauí. (AU)

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RESUMEN. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la modificación de la conducta de los participantes del Programa Vida Sana, dirigido por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) en relación a cuatro aspectos asociados al nivel de Actividad Física. Participaron 43 mujeres (entre 15 a 59 años) que ingresaron al programa que se realiza en un Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de la comuna de Chiguayante. Para el desarrollo del estudio se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional del Actividad Física (IPAQ) en un pre y post test. El Grupo fue divido en cuatro subgrupos por rango etarios: Adolescentes 14 a 19 años, Jóvenes 20 a 29 años, Adulto-Joven 30 a 39 años y Adultos sobre 40 años. En base a los resultados obtenidos, estos arrojan un aumento significativo de los METS en los diferentes Dominios estudiados de cada categoría. Es decir, la conducta de los participantes, comparándolo con el pre y post test, manifestó un cambio conductual positivo en ellos al finalizar el programa.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyze behavior modification of the Healthy Life Program participants, implemented by the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) related to four aspects associated with Physical Activity. Forty-three women participated (between 15 and 59 years old) who entered the program held in Family Health Center in Chiguayante County.To develop the study, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied in a pre and post-test. The Group was divided into four subgroups by age range: Adolescents 14 to 19 years, Youth 20 to 29 years, Adult-Youth 30 to 39 years, and Adults over 40 years. Based on the results obtained, these show a significant increase in METS in the different domains studied for each category. In other words, the participants' behavior, compared with the pre and post-test, showed a positive behavioral change.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: oral health problems are not only a manifestation of physical problems, but they also affect psychosocial aspects. The "More Smiles for Chile" program was created to make a change on the quality of life of participating women; however, the assessments usually focus on goals achieved. The aim of the present study was to determine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in women who participated in the "More Smiles for Chile" program at the San Pedro Family Health Center. Method: a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 120 women. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) scale and a questionnaire about demographic and dental variables were used to measure OHRQoL. The interviews were conducted at the Family Health Center. Results: the most affected components of OHRQoL are psychological discomfort and physical pain. The dimensions with significant changes in OHRQoL were: functional limitation, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and global perception. Conclusions: the More Smiles for Chile program positively impacts the OHRQoL perception in participating women, with significant differences in post-participation averages.

RESUMEN Introducción: los problemas de salud bucal no solo manifiestan problemas físicos, sino que además afectan aspectos psicosociales. El programa "Más Sonrisas para Chile" fue creado para generar un impacto en la calidad de vida de las mujeres participantes, sin embargo, las evaluaciones han estado centradas en el cumplimiento de metas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (CVRSO) en mujeres que participaron en el programa "Más Sonrisas para Chile" en el Centro de Salud Familiar San Pedro (CESFAM). Método: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional, transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 120 mujeres. Para medir la CVRSO se utilizó la escala Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) y un cuestionario de preguntas sobre variables demográficas y odontológicas. Las entrevistas se realizaron en el propio CESFAM. Resultados: los componentes de la CVRSO más afectados son malestar psicológico y dolor físico. Las dimensiones que experimentan cambios significativos en la CVRSO fueron: limitación funcional, malestar psicológico, discapacidad psicológica y percepción global. Conclusiones: el programa Más Sonrisas para Chile impacta positivamente en la percepción de la CVRSO de las mujeres participantes, con diferencias significativas en los promedios posparticipación.

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