RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Journey to 9 Plus (J9) is an integrated reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health approach to care that has at its core the goal of decreasing the rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in rural Haiti. For the maximum effectiveness of this program, it is necessary that the data system be of the highest quality. OpenMRS, an electronic medical record (EMR) system, has been in place since 2013 throughout a tertiary referral hospital, the Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, in Haiti and has been expanded for J9 data collection and reporting. The J9 program monthly reports showed that staff had limited time and capacity to perform double charting, which contributed to incomplete and inconsistent reports. Initial evaluation of the quality of EMR data entry showed that only 18% (58/325) of the J9 antenatal visits were being documented electronically at the start of this quality improvement project. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to improve the electronic documentation of outpatient antenatal care from 18% (58/325) to 85% in the EMR by J9 staff from November 2020 to September 2021. The experiences that this quality improvement project team encountered could help others improve electronic data collection as well as the transition from paper to electronic documentation within a burgeoning health care system. METHODS: A continuous quality improvement strategy was undertaken as the best approach to improve the EMR data collection at Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais. The team used several continuous quality improvement tools to conduct this project: (1) a root cause analysis using Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams, (2) baseline evaluation measurements, and (3) Plan-Do-Study-Act improvement cycles to document incremental changes and the results of each change. RESULTS: At the beginning of the quality improvement project in November 2020, the baseline data entry for antenatal visits was 18% (58/325). Ten months of improvement strategies resulted in an average of 89% (272/304) of antenatal visits documented in the EMR at point of care every month. CONCLUSIONS: The experiences that this quality improvement project team encountered can contribute to the transition from paper to electronic documentation within burgeoning health care systems. Essential to success was having a strong and dedicated nursing leadership to transition from paper to electronic data and motivated nursing staff to perform data collection to improve the quality of data and thus, the reports on patient outcomes. Engaging the nursing team closely in the design and implementation of EMR and quality improvement processes ensures long-term success while centering nurses as key change agents in patient care systems.

RESUMO

Prognosticating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) presents a formidable challenge due to patients exhibiting different onset sites, progression rates, and survival times. In this study, we have developed and evaluated Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that integrate Ensemble and Imbalance Learning techniques to classify patients into Short and Non-Short survival groups based on data collected during diagnosis. We aimed to identify individuals at high risk of mortality within 24 months of symptom onset through analysis of patient data commonly encountered in daily clinical practice. Our Ensemble-Imbalance approach underwent evaluation employing six ML algorithms as base classifiers. Remarkably, our results outperformed those of individual algorithms, achieving a Balanced Accuracy of 88% and a Sensitivity of 96%. Additionally, we used the Shapley Additive Explanations framework to elucidate the decision-making process of the top-performing model, pinpointing the most important features and their correlations with the target prediction. Furthermore, we presented helpful tools to visualize and compare patient similarities, offering valuable insights. Confirming the obtained results, our approach could aid physicians in devising personalized treatment plans at the time of diagnosis or serve as an inclusion/exclusion criterion in clinical trials.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This article presents the process of extraction and treatment of two datasets from the General Ombudsman of the Brazilian Unified Health System (OUVSUS). The resulting datasets allow the analysis of manifestation characteristics and sociodemographic profile of the citizens that performed these manifestations. DATA DESCRIPTION: The first dataset depicts the characteristics of the manifestations registered by the General Ombudsman. Each row represents an individual manifestation and contains information such as the registration date, classification, input channel, and subject, among others. The second dataset is constituted of sociodemographic information for each citizen that performed a manifestation, and characteristics such as sexual orientation, race, age, and geographic location of the citizen are presented, among others.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: to evaluate telenursing as a support technology in the transition of care for elderly people and their caregivers in the context of home care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: quasi-experimental before-after, non-randomized study, with 219 elderly people and caregivers from the home care service, divided into 131 in the intervention groups and 88 in the control group. Analytical treatment, descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Results: 1691 calls were made, 1515 to the intervention group and 176 to the control group. It was observed that in the first call there is a greater need for interventions to promote health and this quantity decreases throughout the calls with a significant result (p-value < 0.001). The outcomes analyzed were hospitalization, death, discharge or continuation of the home care service and it was observed that the chance of discharge from the service was nine times greater in the intervention group. Continuity of care from the home care service and discharge after the end of the calls were also significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: telenursing was a technology to support care, mainly for health promotion and discharge from home care services.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a telenfermagem como tecnologia de apoio na transição do cuidado às pessoas idosas e seus cuidadores no contexto da atenção domiciliar na pandemia COVID-19. Método: estudo quase experimental tipo antes-depois, não randomizado, com 219 pessoas idosas e com cuidadores do serviço de atenção domiciliar, divididos em 131 no grupo intervenção e 88 no grupo controle. Foi realizado tratamento analítico, estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados: foram realizadas 1691 ligações, sendo 1515 para o grupo intervenção e 176 para o controle. Observou-se que na primeira ligação há maior necessidade de intervenções para promoção da saúde e que essa quantidade diminui ao longo das ligações com resultado significativo (p-valor < 0,001). Os desfechos analisados foram internação, óbito, alta ou continuação do serviço de atenção domiciliar e observou-se que a chance de alta do serviço foi nove vezes maior no grupo intervenção. A continuidade do cuidado do serviço de atenção domiciliar e alta após o término das ligações também foram significativos (p-valor < 0,001). Conclusão: a telenfermagem foi uma tecnologia de apoio ao cuidado, principalmente para a promoção da saúde e na alta do serviço de atendimento domiciliar.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la teleenfermería como tecnología de apoyo en la transición del cuidado a las personas mayores y sus cuidadores en el contexto de la atención domiciliaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cuasi experimental tipo antes-después, no aleatorizado, con 219 personas mayores y con cuidadores del servicio de atención domiciliaria, divididos en 131 en el grupo de intervención y 88 en el grupo de control. Se realizó tratamiento analítico, estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: se realizaron 1691 llamadas, siendo 1515 para el grupo de intervención y 176 para el control. Se observó que en la primera llamada hay una mayor necesidad de intervenciones para la promoción de la salud y que esa cantidad disminuye a lo largo de las llamadas con resultado significativo (p-valor < 0,001). Los desenlaces analizados fueron hospitalización, fallecimiento, alta o continuación del servicio de atención domiciliaria y se observó que la probabilidad de alta del servicio fue nueve veces mayor en el grupo de intervención. La continuidad del cuidado del servicio de atención domiciliaria y alta después del término de las llamadas también fueron significativos (p-valor < 0,001). Conclusión: la teleenfermería fue una tecnología de apoyo al cuidado, principalmente para la promoción de la salud y en la alta del servicio de atención domiciliaria.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Surveillance of infant and fetal deaths is of paramount importance in thinking about government strategies to reduce these rates, provide greater visibility of these mortality figures in the country, enable the adoption of prevention measures, as well as contribute to a better record of deaths. DATA DESCRIPTION: The dataset comprises fetal, neonatal, early neonatal, late neonatal, and perinatal Mortality Rates of Brazilian municipalities with their respective information, between 2010 to 2020, aggregated by epidemiological week.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: As mobile phone ownership becomes more widespread in low-income and middle-income countries, mobile phone surveys (MPSs) present an opportunity to collect data on health more cost-effectively. However, selectivity and coverage biases in MPS are concerns, and there is limited information about the population-level representativeness of these surveys compared with household surveys. This study aims at comparing the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents of an MPS on non-communicable disease risk factors to a household survey in Colombia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. We used a random digit dialling method to select the samples for calling mobile phone numbers. The survey was conducted using two modalities: computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATIs) and interactive voice response (IVR). The participants were assigned randomly to one of the survey modalities based on a targeted sampling quota stratified by age and sex. The Quality-of-Life Survey (ECV), a nationally representative survey conducted in the same year of the MPS, was used as a reference to compare the sample distributions by sociodemographic characteristics of the MPS data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the population representativeness between the ECV and the MPSs. SETTING: The study was conducted in Colombia in 2021. PARTICIPANTS: Population at least 18 years old with a mobile phone. RESULTS: We completed 1926 and 2983 interviews for CATI and IVR, respectively. We found that the MPS data have a similar (within 10% points) age-sex data distribution compared with the ECV dataset for some subpopulations, mainly for young populations, people with none/primary and secondary education levels, and people who live in urban and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that MPS could collect similar data to household surveys in terms of age, sex, high school education level and geographical area for some population categories. Strategies are needed to improve representativeness of the under-represented groups.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN Se realizó una intervención en la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, Chubut. La pandemia marcó la necesidad de una identificación oportuna, un seguimiento sistematizado y un control de foco de los casos de COVID-19, sus contactos estrechos y los eventos asociados. El objetivo general fue mejorar la calidad de trabajo del equipo de salud y la respuesta del sistema sanitario mediante la implementación de un software denominado RastreAr. MÉTODOS Se utilizó un enfoque cuasi experimental. Se apuntó a demostrar la causalidad entre la intervención y los objetivos alcanzados. Se efectuó una evaluación pre- y posintervención. RESULTADOS Antes de su puesta en marcha, RastreAr se comparó con un sistema basado en hojas de cálculo. En funcionamiento, se contrastó con el registro nacional de casos. Presentó una mejora en términos de eficiencia y calidad respecto al primero, y mostró una optimización de recursos y mayor efectividad que el registro nacional, ya que registraba no solo los casos confirmados sino también los contactos estrechos y permitía el seguimiento de ambos. DISCUSIÓN A partir de la identificación de los distintos brotes ocurridos durante la operatoria del sistema RastreAr, es factible integrar la información en términos de vigilancia epidemiológica a fin de contribuir a una mejora en la calidad de sus procesos y asistir al personal de salud.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION An intervention was carried out in the city of Puerto Madryn, Chubut. The pandemic showed the need for timely identification, systematic tracking, and focus control of COVID-19 cases, close contacts, and associated events. The general objective was to improve the quality of health team work and the response of the health system through the implementation of a software called RastreAr. METHODS A quasi-experimental approach was used. The aim was to show the causality between the intervention and the objectives achieved. A pre- and post-intervention assessment was conducted. RESULTS Prior to its implementation, RastreAr was compared to a spreadsheet-based system. In operation, it was contrasted with the national registry of cases. It presented an improvement in terms of efficiency and quality compared to the first, optimizing resources and being more effective than the national registry, as it recorded not only confirmed cases but also close contacts and allowed tracking of both. DISCUSSION Through the identification of the different outbreaks that occurred during the operation of the RastreAr system, it is feasible to integrate the information in terms of epidemiological surveillance, in order to contribute to an improvement in process quality and assist health personnel.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analisar o uso da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária pelas equipes de Consultório na Rua, após processo de educação permanente. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-intervenção, realizado com 23 profissionais de três Consultórios na Rua da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil em 2016. A intervenção consistiu em um seminário teórico-prático sobre a estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária, com avaliação mediada por grupos focais. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temática, com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Houve reflexões sobre a necessidade de transformação da prática profissional e valorização dos registros eletrônicos de saúde das atividades realizadas pelas equipes para elevar a qualidade da assistência e dar mais visibilidade ao trabalho empreendido pelos profissionais. Passaram a incorporar a estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária nos processos de trabalho dos serviços de forma gradual. Conclusão: O processo de educação permanente proporcionou aos profissionais e gestores um espaço de reflexão e ressignificação da prática profissional em relação aos registros eletrônicos de saúde, sensibilizando-os para a importância da informatização nos processos de trabalho. Ao longo do processo interventivo, ficou evidenciado que os participantes foram mobilizados quanto à compreensão e atitudes em relação à estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária no seu cotidiano. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the use of the e-SUS Primary Care strategy by the Street Clinic teams, after a continuing education process. Methods: Descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative research-intervention approach carried out with 23 professionals from three clinics in Rua da Centro-Oeste do Brasil in 2016. The intervention consisted of a theoretical-practical seminar on the e-SUS Primary Care strategy with assessment mediated by focus groups. Data were submitted to Content Analysis, Thematic modality, with the help of the ATLAS.ti software. Results: There were reflections on the need to transform professional practice and value electronic health records of the activities carried out by the teams to raise the quality of care and give more visibility to the work undertaken by professionals. They began to gradually incorporate the e-SUS Primary Care strategy into the work processes of the services. Conclusion: The continuing education process provided professionals and managers with a space for reflection and resignification of professional practice in relation to electronic health records, making them aware of the importance of computerization in work processes. Throughout the intervention process, it was evident that the participants were mobilized regarding their understanding and attitudes towards the e-SUS Primary Care strategy in their daily lives. (AU)

Objectivo: Analizar el uso de la estrategia de Atención Primaria e-SUS por los equipos de Clínica de Calle, luego de un proceso de educación continua. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con enfoque de investigación-intervención cualitativo realizado con 23 profesionales de tres oficinas de la Rua da Centro-Oeste de Brasil en 2016. La intervención consistió en un seminario teórico-práctico sobre la estrategia e-SUS de Atención Primaria con evaluación mediada por grupos focales. Los datos fueron sometidos a Análisis de Contenido, modalidad Temática, con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Se reflexionó sobre la necesidad de transformar la práctica profesional y valorar la historia clínica electrónica de las actividades que realizan los equipos para elevar la calidad de la atención y dar más visibilidad al trabajo realizado por los profesionales. Comenzaron a incorporar gradualmente la estrategia de Atención Primaria e-SUS en los procesos de trabajo de los servicios. Conclusión: El proceso de formación continua brindó a los profesionales y directivos un espacio de reflexión y resignificación del ejercicio profesional en relación a la historia clínica electrónica, sensibilizándolos sobre la importancia de la informatización en los procesos de trabajo. A lo largo del proceso de intervención, se evidenció que los participantes se movilizaron en cuanto a su comprensión y actitudes hacia la estrategia de Atención Primaria e-SUS en su vida diaria. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) Anti-Infodemic Virtual Center for the Americas (AIVCA) is a project led by the Department of Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health, PAHO and the Center for Health Informatics, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center on Information Systems for Health, at the University of Illinois, with the participation of PAHO staff and consultants across the region. Its goal is to develop a set of tools—pairing AI with human judgment—to help ministries of health and related health institutions respond to infodemics. Public health officials will learn about emerging threats detected by the center and get recommendations on how to respond. The virtual center is structured with three parallel teams: detection, evidence, and response. The detection team will employ a mixture of advanced search queries, machine learning, and other AI techniques to sift through more than 800 million new public social media posts per day to identify emerging infodemic threats in both English and Spanish. The evidence team will use the EasySearch federated search engine backed by AI, PAHO's knowledge management team, and the Librarian Reserve Corps to identify the most relevant authoritative sources. The response team will use a design approach to communicate recommended response strategies based on behavioural science, storytelling, and information design approaches.

RESUMEN El centro virtual contra la infodemia para la Región de las Américas de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un proyecto liderado por el Departamento de Evidencia e Inteligencia para la Acción en la Salud de la OPS y el Center for Health Informatics de la Universidad de Illinois, centro colaborador de la OPS/OMS en sistemas de información para la salud, con la participación de personal y consultores de la OPS en toda la Región. Su objetivo es crear un conjunto de herramientas que combinen inteligencia artificial (IA) y los criterios humanos para apoyar a los ministerios de salud y las instituciones relacionadas con la salud en la respuesta a la infodemia. Los funcionarios de salud pública recibirán formación sobre las amenazas emergentes detectadas por el centro y recomendaciones sobre cómo abordarlas. El centro virtual está estructurado en tres equipos paralelos: detección, evidencia y respuesta. El equipo de detección empleará una combinación de consultas mediante búsqueda avanzada, aprendizaje automático y otras técnicas de IA para evaluar más de 800 millones de publicaciones nuevas en las redes sociales al día con el fin de detectar amenazas emergentes en el ámbito de la infodemia tanto en inglés como en español. El equipo de evidencia hará uso del motor de búsqueda federado EasySearch y, con el apoyo de la IA, el equipo de gestión del conocimiento de la OPS y la red Librarian Reserve Corps, determinará cuáles son las fuentes autorizadas más pertinentes. El equipo de respuesta utilizará un enfoque vinculado al diseño para difundir las estrategias recomendadas sobre la base de las ciencias del comportamiento, la narración de historias y el diseño de la información.

RESUMO O Centro Virtual Anti-Infodemia para as Américas (AIVCA, na sigla em inglês) da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) é um projeto liderado pelo Departamento de Evidência e Inteligência para a Ação em Saúde da OPAS e pelo Centro de Informática em Saúde da Universidade de Illinois, EUA (Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para Sistemas de Informação para a Saúde), com a participação de funcionários e consultores da OPAS de toda a região. Seu objetivo é desenvolver um conjunto de ferramentas — combinando a inteligência artificial (IA) com o discernimento humano — para ajudar os ministérios e instituições de saúde a responder às infodemias. As autoridades de saúde pública aprenderão sobre as ameaças emergentes detectadas pelo centro e obterão recomendações sobre como responder. O centro virtual está estruturado com três equipes paralelas: detecção, evidência e resposta. A equipe de detecção utilizará consultas de pesquisa avançada, machine learning (aprendizagem de máquina) e outras técnicas de IA para filtrar mais de 800 milhões de novas postagens públicas nas redes sociais por dia, a fim de identificar ameaças infodêmicas emergentes em inglês e espanhol. A equipe de evidência usará o mecanismo de busca federada EasySearch, com apoio de IA, da equipe de gestão de conhecimento da OPAS e do Librarian Reserve Corps (LRC), para identificar as fontes abalizadas mais relevantes. A equipe de resposta usará uma abordagem de design para comunicar estratégias de resposta recomendadas com base em abordagens de ciência comportamental, narração de histórias e design da informação.

RESUMO

O pé diabético é um crescente problema de saúde pública por ser uma complicação incapacitante, mas com caráter prevenível, de 50 a 70% das úlceras de pés são evitáveis, diminuindo o risco de amputações. Para tanto, requer dos profissionais da saúde vigilância constante e ensino das mudanças no comportamento de autocuidado com os pés das pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Nesta direção, há carência de recursos tecnológicos de aplicação móvel para a promoção de hábitos de autoexame e autocuidado com os pés. Desta forma, o objetivo foi o desenvolvimento do protótipo de aplicação móvel "Pés em dia" baseado na metodologia centrada no usuário a fim de apoiar a pessoa com diabetes no autocuidado e autoexame dos pés. Como também, realizar a validação de conteúdo do protótipo por peritos da área de saúde mediado pelo instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) e a validação de usabilidade por peritos da área de tecnologia e informática e as pessoas e familiares com diabetes mellitus mediado pelo Smartphone Usability QuestionnaiRe (SURE). Na elaboração o protótipo teve sua apresentação estrutural e virtual com 21 telas e seu conteúdo organizado em nove telas primárias no menu, doze telas na área dos usuários com os agendamentos, as checagens de autocuidado e autoexame planejados de modo individual. As telas principais oferecem: "Cuide-se" a apresentação, o funcionamento, utilização e créditos, o "Autoexame" e diferenciam as situações dos pés em "pés sem ferida" e "pés com ferida cicatrizadas". E em outra tela "Passos do Autoexame" com textos informativos, multimídias de apoio, achados no autoexame, vídeos do teste do toque para sensibilidade, imagens dos testes de circulação, recursos domésticos, e o reconhecimento das deformidades comuns no contexto da pessoa com DM. O estudo foi realizado na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, e no desenvolvimento realizou grupos focais com usuários e equipe desenvolvedora para elencar as necessidades do protótipo. Utilizou-se a engenharia de software com compatibilidade para o sistema Android, a linguagem KOTLIN, a estrutura Activity e Fragments e o recurso Navigation Drawer Layout, disponível em Android Studio vídeos e elementos gráficos no Camtasia Studio e Adobe Fireworks, que foram exportados em MP4, JPG e PNG, e armazenados no banco de dados MySQL. Para a validação de conteúdo, os 22 juízes foram selecionados pela expertise e técnica de snowballing, idade média de 37,8 anos (+-7,8), a maioria era do sexo feminino 15 (68,2%), 19 (86,4%) enfermeiros, 9 (40,9%) possuíam mestrado, e 19 (86,3%) participava de grupos de pesquisas nas temáticas de interesse. As respostas dos juízes no instrumento SAM validaram como adequado o protótipo, com o total de 40,3 pontos, (91,7%), a média de 1,85 nas seis categorias, IVCt 0,98 e Alfa de Cronbach 0,936. A maior pontuação nas respostas e IVC foi nas categorias de conteúdo, estimulação/motivação do aprendizado e ilustrações. Quanto a validação de usabilidade, os 22 juízes foram selecionados pela expertise em tecnologia de informática e validação de instrumentos e a técnica de snowballing, a maioria era do sexo masculino 16 (72,7), 6 (27,3%) graduados em Tecnologia da Informática ou Sistema de Informação, 6 (27,3%) Análise de Sistemas ou Programação de Sistemas, 7 (31,8%) com especialização acadêmica, 19 (86,4%) possuíam experiência com a temática. As respostas dos juízes expertise em informática no instrumento SURE consideraram o protótipo pertinente (nível 70 e 80) pois responderam a pontuação 104,8 na média, 22 itens foram avaliados em 100% de concordância, IVCt 0,98, Alfa de Cronbach 0,867, considerado como adequado. A validação de usabilidade pelo público alvo de pessoas com diabetes e seus familiares foi selecionada pela técnica de snowballing, participaram 37 (100%) pessoas, idade média de 48,1 anos (+-13,3), sendo que dessas 21 (56,8%) eram do sexo masculino, 26 (70,3%) com diabetes, tempo médio de 11,5 anos, e 11 (29,7%) eram familiares, 35 (94,6%) não possuía algum tipo de ferida nos pés naquele momento e 24 (64,9%) responderam que não tinham costume de utilizar este tipo de tecnologia. As respostas variaram de 75% a 94,6% de concordância, Alfa de Cronbach 0,989, considerado como adequado. Desta forma, apresenta-se um protótipo móvel "Pés em dia" para promover o autocuidado e autoexame com os pés e validado com o conteúdo e usabilidade adequadas para a literatura e disponíveis gratuitamente para a sociedade.

The diabetic foot is a growing public health problem due to its crippling complication, but with a preventable feature, 50 to 70% of the foot ulcers are preventable, decreasing the risk of amputations. Therefore, it requires constant supervision from health professionals and teaching about changes in self-care behavior with the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this sense, there is a lack of technological resources for mobile applications to foment self-examination and self-care habits with the feet. In this way, the objective was the development of the mobile application prototype "Pés em dia" based on the user-focused methodology in order to support, with self-care and self-examination of the feet, the person with diabetes, as well as performing the content validation of the prototype by health-area experts mediated by the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool and the usability validation by experts in technology and information technology, as well people and family members with diabetes mellitus mediated by Smartphone Usability QuestionnaiRe (SURE). In the elaboration, the prototype had its structural and virtual presentation with 21 content-organized screens in nine primary screens in the menu and twelve screens in the user's area with the schedules and self-care and self-examination checks individually planned. The mains screens offer: "Take care" as the presentation, operation, using and credits, the "Self-examination" and they differentiate the feet condition in "Feet without wounds" and "Feet with healed wounds" and in another screen "Steps of the self-examination" with informative texts and supporting multimedia and discoveries in the self-examination, touch test videos for sensitivity and images of the circulation testes, the household resources, the recognition of common deformities in the context of the person with DM. The study was conducted at the Ribeirao Preto School of Nursing. For its development, focus groups with users and the development team were carried out to list the requirements of the prototype. Software engineering with Android system compatibility was used, the KOTLIN programming language, the Activity and Fragments structure and the Navigation Drawer Layout resource, available in Android Studio, graphic and video elements in Camtasia Studio and Adobe Fireworks, in which the files were exported in MP4, JPG and PNG, and they were stored in the MySQL database. For the content validation, 22 judges were selected for their expertise and snowballing technique, average age of 37.8 years (+/- 7.8), the most were female (15 women - 68,2%), 19 nurses (86.4%), 9 had a master's degree (40,9%) and 19 (86.3%) participated in research groups on topics of interest. The answers of the judges in the SAM tool validated the prototype as adequate, with a total of 40.3 points (91.7%), an average of 1.85 in the six categories, IVCt 0.98 and Cronbach's alpha 0.936. The highest score in the responses and IVC was in the categories of content, stimulation/motivation of learning and illustrations. Regarding the usability validation, the 22 judges were selected for their expertise in computer technology and tool validation and the snowballing technique, the most of them was male (16 - 72.7%), 6 were graduated in Computer Technology or Information Systems (27,3%), 7 with academic specializations (27.3%), 19 had experience in the subject (86.4%). The answers of the computer-expert judges in the SURE tool considered the prototype relevant levels 70 and 80) as they answered to an average score of 104.8, 22 items were evaluated at 100% agreement, IVCt 0.98, Cronbach's alpha 0.867, which is considered as suitable. The usability validation by the target audience made up of people with diabetes and their families was selected by the snowballing technique, 37 people participated in (100%), average age of 48.1 (+/- 13.3), in which 21 were male (56.8%), 26 had diabetes (70.3%), average time of 11.5 years, 11 were family members (29.7%), 35 did not have any type of feet wound at the moment (94.6%)and 24 answered that they were not acquainted to this technology (64.9%). The answers ranged from 75 to 94.6% agreement, Cronbach's alpha 0.989, which was considered adequate. So, "Pés em dia" mobile prototype is presented to promote self-care and self-examination of the feet and it was validated as adequate content and usability for the literature available at no charge to society.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The management of beds within healthcare centers is essential for meeting the health needs of the population. Currently, in Chile there are few computer tools that streamline the functions performed by the Bed Management Units of healthcare centers. The objective of this article is to describe the implementation of a bed management computer system in three hospitals of medium (Modular-La Serena) and high complexity (San José del Carmen-Copiapó y San Juan de Dios-La Serena) of the Chilean public health network. The process used the Framework of dissemination and implementation, which allowed for a consistent flow of bed management, namely: request, allocation of bed, transfer, hospitalization and patient discharge. Likewise, the relevant actors and the minimum variables for the adequate process were identified. The implementation of the system was carried out in stages of validation and configuration of the platform in each healthcare center, user training and follow-up of the start-up. To date, the three hospitals have an operational computer system for managing hospital beds, reporting no difficulties in its use. The next challenge is to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the platform, using the indicators agreed upon with the clinical/administrative teams of the health centers.

La gestión de camas al interior de los centros asistenciales es fundamental para la atención de las necesidades de salud de la población. Actualmente, en Chile se cuenta con escasas herramientas informáticas que agilicen las funciones que realizan las unidades de gestión de camas de los centros asistenciales. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir la implementación de un sistema informático de gestión de camas en tres hospitales de mediana (Modular en La Serena) y alta complejidad (San José del Carmen en Copiapó y San Juan de Dios en La Serena) de la red pública de salud de Chile. El proceso utilizó el de diseminación e implementación, lo que permitió contar con un flujo coherente de gestión de camas, a saber: solicitud, asignación de cama, traslado, hospitalización y egreso de paciente. Asimismo, se identificaron los actores relevantes y las variables mínimas para el adecuado proceso. La implementación del sistema se llevó a cabo en etapas de validación y configuración de la plataforma en cada centro asistencial, capacitaciones a los usuarios y acompañamiento de la puesta en marcha. A la fecha, los tres hospitales cuentan operativamente con el sistema informático de gestión de camas hospitalarias, no reportando dificultades en su uso. El próximo desafío es efectuar una evaluación integral del impacto de la plataforma, utilizando los indicadores acordados con los equipos clínicos/administrativos de los centros de salud.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of technological resources to support processes in health systems has generated robust, interoperable and dynamic platforms. In the case of institutions working with neglected tropical diseases (NTD), there is a need for NTD-specific customizations. OBJECTIVES: To establish a medical records platform, specialized for NTD, which would facilitate the analysis of treatment evolution in patients, as well as generate more accurate data about various clinical aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we developed a customized electronic medical record system based on OpenMRS for multiple NTDs. A set of forms and functionalities was developed under the OpenMRS guidelines, using shared community modules. RESULTS: All the customized information was packaged in a distribution called NTD Health. The platform is web-based and can be upgraded and improved by users without technological barriers. CONCLUSIONS: The EMR system can become a useful tool for other institutions to improve their health practices as well as the quality of life for NTD patients, simplifying the customization of healthcare systems able to interoperate with other platforms.

Introducción. El uso de recursos tecnológicos destinados a apoyar procesos en los sistemas de salud ha generado plataformas sólidas, interoperables y dinámicas. En el caso de las instituciones que trabajan con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, existe la necesidad de personalizaciones específicas en las herramientas de uso médico. Objetivos. Establecer una plataforma para historias clínicas especializada en enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, con el fin de facilitar el análisis de la evolución del tratamiento de los pacientes, además de generar datos más precisos sobre diversos aspectos clínicos. Materiales y métodos. Se compiló un conjunto de requisitos para implementar formularios, conceptos y funcionalidades que permitan incluir enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Se utilizó una distribución de OpenMRS (versión 2.3) como referencia para construir la plataforma, siguiendo las pautas recomendadas y módulos compartidos por la comunidad. Resultados. Toda la información personalizada se implementó en una plataforma llamada NTD Health, la cual se encuentra almacenada en la web y los usuarios pueden actualizarla y mejorarla sin barreras tecnológicas. Conclusiones. El sistema de historias clínicas electrónicas puede convertirse en una herramienta útil para que otras instituciones mejoren sus prácticas en salud, así como la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, simplificando la personalización de los sistemas de salud capaces de interoperar con otras plataformas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: The use of technological resources to support processes in health systems has generated robust, interoperable, and dynamic platforms. In the case of institutions working with neglected tropical diseases, there is a need for specific customizations of these diseases. Objectives: To establish a medical record platform specialized in neglected tropical diseases which could facilitate the analysis of treatment evolution in patients, as well as generate more accurate data about various clinical aspects. Materials and methods: A set of requirements to develop state of the art forms, concepts, and functionalities to include neglected tropical diseases were compiled. An OpenMRS distribution (version 2.3) was used as reference to build the platform, following the recommended guidelines and shared-community modules. Results: All the customized information was developed in a platform called NTD Health, which is web-based and can be upgraded and improved by users without technological barriers. Conclusions: The electronic medical record system can become a useful tool for other institutions to improve their health practices as well as the quality of life for neglected tropical disease patients, simplifying the customization of healthcare systems able to interoperate with other platforms.

Introducción. El uso de recursos tecnológicos destinados a apoyar procesos en los sistemas de salud ha generado plataformas sólidas, interoperables y dinámicas. En el caso de las instituciones que trabajan con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, existe la necesidad de personalizaciones específicas en las herramientas de uso médico. Objetivos. Establecer una plataforma para historias clínicas especializada en enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, con el fin de facilitar el análisis de la evolución del tratamiento de los pacientes, además de generar datos más precisos sobre diversos aspectos clínicos. Materiales y métodos. Se compiló un conjunto de requisitos para implementar formularios, conceptos y funcionalidades que permitan incluir enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Se utilizó una distribución de OpenMRS (versión 2.3) como referencia para construir la plataforma, siguiendo las pautas recomendadas y módulos compartidos por la comunidad. Resultados. Toda la información personalizada se implementó en una plataforma llamada NTD Health, la cual se encuentra almacenada en la web y los usuarios pueden actualizarla y mejorarla sin barreras tecnológicas. Conclusiones. El sistema de historias clínicas electrónicas puede convertirse en una herramienta útil para que otras instituciones mejoren sus prácticas en salud, así como la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, simplificando la personalización de los sistemas de salud capaces de interoperar con otras plataformas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La gestión de camas al interior de los centros asistenciales es fundamental para la atención de las necesidades de salud de la población. Actualmente, en Chile se cuenta con escasas herramientas informáticas que agilicen las funciones que realizan las unidades de gestión de camas de los centros asistenciales. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir la implementación de un sistema informático de gestión de camas en tres hospitales de mediana (Modular en La Serena) y alta complejidad (San José del Carmen en Copiapó y San Juan de Dios en La Serena) de la red pública de salud de Chile. El proceso utilizó el de diseminación e implementación, lo que permitió contar con un flujo coherente de gestión de camas, a saber: solicitud, asignación de cama, traslado, hospitalización y egreso de paciente. Asimismo, se identificaron los actores relevantes y las variables mínimas para el adecuado proceso. La implementación del sistema se llevó a cabo en etapas de validación y configuración de la plataforma en cada centro asistencial, capacitaciones a los usuarios y acompañamiento de la puesta en marcha. A la fecha, los tres hospitales cuentan operativamente con el sistema informático de gestión de camas hospitalarias, no reportando dificultades en su uso. El próximo desafío es efectuar una evaluación integral del impacto de la plataforma, utilizando los indicadores acordados con los equipos clínicos/administrativos de los centros de salud.

The management of beds within healthcare centers is essential for meeting the health needs of the population. Currently, in Chile there are few computer tools that streamline the functions performed by the Bed Management Units of healthcare centers. The objective of this article is to describe the implementation of a bed management computer system in three hospitals of medium (Modular-La Serena) and high complexity (San José del Carmen-Copiapó y San Juan de Dios-La Serena) of the Chilean public health network. The process used the Framework of dissemination and implementation, which allowed for a consistent flow of bed management, namely: request, allocation of bed, transfer, hospitalization and patient discharge. Likewise, the relevant actors and the minimum variables for the adequate process were identified. The implementation of the system was carried out in stages of validation and configuration of the platform in each healthcare center, user training and follow-up of the start-up. To date, the three hospitals have an operational computer system for managing hospital beds, reporting no difficulties in its use. The next challenge is to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the platform, using the indicators agreed upon with the clinical/administrative teams of the health centers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The digital divide can hinder the ability of elderly patients to fully benefit from PHRs. They are "digital immigrants", not having the life-long exposure to technology as younger generations, as well as physical and cognitive disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the digital divide as a barrier for the use of a PHR in older adults (> 69 years of age) and describe the use of a PHR in an elderly population in Argentina. We conducted a cross sectional study which included older adults who attended the Coronavirus vaccination campaign in 2021. Data were collected through a survey encompassing digital divide factors and use of the PHR. A total of 128 participants agreed to complete the survey, 60.15% reported using the PHR. We found a statistically significant correlation of education level, having a personal computer and internet access with PHR use. Concerning PHR users, 45.45% reported needing assistance to use it. Although the elderly population represents a large portion of patients, there is not enough research done on their use experience using eHealth solutions. There is pending work in the eHealth field to integrate these elders into current PHRs and help them enjoy their benefits.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN La infancia y adolescencia son etapas claves en la adquisición de estilos de vida saludables, por lo que acciones o intervenciones en educación en alimentación y estilos de vida saludables son esenciales para el logro de una mejor calidad de vida. Es por esto, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una herramienta web interactiva para que adolescentes apliquen los conceptos entregados por las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) a través de la superación de distintos desafíos y potenciando de esta manera decisiones que promuevan estilos de vida saludables. Como parte de la metodología, se realizó un diagnóstico en el que participaron 37 adolescentes, los que reconocieron aspectos relevantes del diseño para la App. Una vez desarrollada, se probó en 10 adolescentes, los que respondieron a cuestionario en donde se recolectó su opinión sobre las fortalezas y aspectos a mejorar de la aplicación. Como resultado de la aplicación del piloto, los adolescentes lograron identificar la importancia de mantener una alimentación y rutina de ejercicios saludables y personalizados. Como conclusión, el uso de la App podría fomentar el autocuidado en adolescentes mediante una estrategia lúdica y adaptada a una forma común de comunicación en esta etapa de la trayectoria vital.

ABSTRACT Childhood and adolescence are key stages for the acquisition of healthy lifestyles, thus actions or interventions on nutrition and healthy lifestyle education are essential to achieve a better quality of life. We developed an interactive web tool for adolescents to apply the concepts delivered by the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) through overcoming different challenges, thus empowering decisions that promote healthy lifestyles. As part of the methodology, a pilot study was conducted with 30 adolescent participants, who recognized relevant aspects of the design for the application (App). Once developed, the App was tested in 10 adolescents, who answered a questionnaire on strengths and aspects to improve. Adolescents were able to identify the importance of maintaining a healthy and personalized diet and exercise routine. In conclusion, the use of the App could promote self-care in adolescents through a playful strategy adapted to a common form of communication at this life trajectory stage.

RESUMO

Background: Population-based data on epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to define temporal trends of incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Brazil. Methods: All IBD patients from the public healthcare national system were included from January 2012 to December 2020. Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-linear regression for incidence and binomial regression for prevalence. Moran's I autocorrelation index was used to analyse clustering of cities by level of prevalence. Findings: A total of 212,026 IBD patients were included. Incidence of IBD rose from 9.4 in 2012 to 9.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=0.8%; 95% CI -0.37, 1.99); for UC, incidence increased from 5.7 to 6.9 per 100,000 (AAPC=3.0%; 95% CI 1.51, 4.58) and for CD incidence decreased from 3.7 to 2.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=-3.2%; 95% CI -4.45, -2.02). Prevalence of IBD increased from 30.0 in 2012 to 100.1 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=14.8%; CI 14.78-14.95); for UC, from 15.7 to 56.5 per 100,000 (AAPC=16.0%; CI 15.94, 16.17); for CD from 12.6 to 33.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=12.1% CI 11.95, 12.02). A south-north gradient was observed in 2020 prevalence rates of IBD [I=0.40 (p<0.0001)], CD [I=0.22 (p<0.0001)] and UC [I=0.42 (p<0.0001)]. Interpretation: Incidence of CD is decreasing whereas of UC is increasing, leading to stabilization in the incidence of IBD from 2012 to 2020 in Brazil. Prevalence of IBD has been climbing with 0.1% of Brazilians living with IBD in 2020. Funding: None.

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptomatology, mobile phone ownership, and different uses of WhatsApp among older adults enrolled in primary care clinics in Guarulhos, São Paulo State, Brazil. This is a secondary data analysis, using data collected in the screening of participants to be included in the PROACTIVE cluster randomized trial. Individuals aged ≥ 60 years, registered in primary care clinics in Guarulhos, were assessed for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms according to the PHQ-9, mobile phone ownership, and use of WhatsApp. We performed multiple logistic regression models to investigate characteristics of the potential users of digital interventions. Of 3,356 older adults screened for depression, 45.7% said they use WhatsApp to receive/send messages. In the subsample that presented depressive symptomatology (n = 1,020), 41.9% stated using WhatsApp. Younger older adults and those with better socioeconomic status used more WhatsApp and were more likely to own a mobile phone. Participants with higher levels of symptoms of depression were less likely to use WhatsApp. Gender, age, schooling level, income, and depressive symptomatology are variables associated with the possession of a cell phone and with the use of WhatsApp by the older adults of the sample. These findings can help to implement digital health programs better suited to disadvantaged populations in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries through mental telehealth interventions using WhatsApp and mobile health services to the older people.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre características sociodemográficas, sintomatologia depressiva, posse de telefone celular e diferentes usos do WhatsApp entre idosos cadastrados em unidades básicas de saúde de Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise de dados secundários com informações coletadas na triagem dos participantes a serem incluídos neste estudo randomizado em cluster PROATIVO. Indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, cadastrados em unidades básicas de saúde de Guarulhos, foram avaliados quanto a características sociodemográficas, sintomas depressivos, de acordo com o PHQ-9, posse de telefone celular e uso do WhatsApp. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística múltipla para investigar as características dos potenciais usuários de intervenções digitais. Dos 3.356 idosos depressivos, 45,7% usavam o WhatsApp para receber/enviar mensagens. Na subamostra que apresentou sintomatologia depressiva (n = 1.020), 41,9% disseram usar o WhatsApp. Adultos mais jovens e com melhor status socioeconômico usavam mais o WhatsApp e eram mais propensos a possuir um telefone celular. Participantes com níveis mais altos de sintomas de depressão eram menos propensos a utilizar o WhatsApp. Sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda e sintomatologia depressiva são variáveis associadas à posse de telefone celular e ao uso do WhatsApp pelos idosos da população estudada. Esses achados podem ajudar a implementar programas de saúde digital mais adequados para populações desfavorecidas no Brasil e em outros países de baixa e média renda, principalmente intervenções de telessaúde mental que utilizem o WhatsApp e serviços móveis de saúde para idosos.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, los síntomas depresivos, la tenencia de teléfono celular y los diferentes usos de WhatsApp entre los ancianos inscritos en unidades básicas de salud en Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brasil. Este es un análisis de datos secundarios, que recopiló la información del triaje de los participantes a ser incluidos en este estudio aleatorio en un clúster PROACTIVO. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, los síntomas depresivos según el PHQ-9, la tenencia de celular y el uso de WhatsApp de los participantes de 60 años o más, registrados en unidades básicas de salud de Guarulhos. Se utilizaron los modelos de regresión logística múltiple para identificar las características de los potenciales usuarios de las intervenciones digitales. De los 3.356 ancianos deprimidos, el 45,7% utilizaba WhatsApp para recibir/enviar mensajes. En la submuestra que presentó síntomas depresivos (n = 1.020), el 41,9% dijo usar WhatsApp. Los adultos más jóvenes con mejor nivel socioeconómico usaban más WhatsApp y tenían más probabilidades de tener un teléfono celular. Los participantes con niveles más altos de síntomas de depresión tenían menos probabilidades de usar WhatsApp. El sexo, la edad, la educación, la renta y los síntomas depresivos fueron las variables asociadas a la tenencia de celular y al uso de WhatsApp por parte de los ancianos de la población estudiada. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a implementar programas de salud digital que sean más adecuados para las poblaciones desfavorecidas en Brasil y en otros países de bajos y medianos ingresos, en particular las intervenciones de telesalud mental que utilizan WhatsApp y servicios de salud móviles para ancianos.

Assuntos