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Major depressive disorder (MDD) seriously threatens human health. BRICS, known as an acronym for "Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa," were also actively carrying out researches on MDD. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study of research on MDD conducted by the BRICS. By searching in the Web of Science and using the software Vosviewer and Citespace as analysis tools, this study analyzed the cooperation network at the country, institution, author-specific levels, the research hotspots and trends from BRICS between 2003-2022. A total of 10,911 articles were finally included. Our findings showed that researches on MDD from BRICS rapidly increased during the past two decades. China and India have shown explosive growth, while South Africa has the largest average "Usage Count" and "Time Cited". The current cooperation partners of the BRICS were mainly high-income countries and other developing countries with similar cultures, languages, and geographical locations. Institutions in high-income countries served as the main bridges for BRICS cooperation, while at the author level, some core authors in the BRICS countries serve as centers. China showed a flexible model in domestic partnership, but institutions and authors in the other four countries have gathered to cooperate within the group. BRICS research on MDD mainly focused on cognitive science, brain science, epidemiology, and disease mechanisms. The keywords"gut microbiota", "network analysis," "machine learning" and "sleep quality" showed explosive growth and might become research hotspots in the near future. This bibliometric analysis provided a science knowledge graph and references for other researchers.

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As one of the largest alliances of middle-income countries, the BRICS, known as an acronym for five countries including "Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa", represents half of the global population. The health cooperation among BRICS countries will benefit their populations and other middle- and low-income countries. This study aims to summarize the current status of health cooperation in BRICS countries and identify opportunities to strengthen BRICS participation in global health governance. A literature review was conducted to analyze the status, progress, and challenges of BRICS' health cooperation. Content analysis was used to review the 2011-2021 annual joint declarations of the BRICS Health Ministers Meetings. The priority health areas were identified through segmental frequency analysis. Our research suggested that communicable diseases, access to medicine, and universal health coverage appeared most frequently in the content of declarations, indicating the possible top health priorities among BRICS' health collaboration. These priority areas align with the primary health challenges of each country, including the threats of double burden of diseases, as well as the need for improving health systems and access to medicines. Respective external cooperation, inter-BRICS health cooperation, and unified external cooperation are the main forms of health cooperation among BRICS countries. However, challenges such as the lack of a unified image and precise position, lack of practical impact, and weak discourse power have impeded the impact of BRICS on health governance. This study suggests that the BRICS countries should recognize their positioning, improve their unified image, and establish cooperative entities; at the same time, they should increase their practical strength, promote non-governmental cooperation, and expand the cooperation space through the "BRICS Plus" mechanism with countries with similar interests to join.

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O presente artigo objetivou examinar como se dá a cooperação em saúde entre o Brasil e os países de língua oficial portuguesa, de forma tanto bilateral quanto multilateral, com destaque para as ações adotadas pela Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. Após análise dos desafios às iniciativas de cooperação, apontaram-se os avanços já obtidos e as perspectivas que se apresentam, com vistas a concretizar o cumprimento das metas da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas. Também se evidenciou a necessidade de minimizar os atrasos e paralisações que ocorrem quando há mudanças administrativas; de criar um marco legal que defina como se deve dar a cooperação brasileira nos planos bilateral e multilateral, fundada nos princípios que regem o Estado em suas relações internacionais, na busca de sustentabilidade financeira e em uma melhor análise prévia dos projetos a serem desenvolvidos, com uma avaliação posterior de seus resultados; bem como a necessidade de estabelecer mecanismos de resposta a crises humanitárias. Concluiu-se que a cooperação em saúde proporciona um aprendizado recíproco e pode ser vista como uma ferramenta de aperfeiçoamento nessa área. A pesquisa adotou metodologia analítica e quantitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, e se pretendeu exploratória ao apontar possíveis respostas às questões levantadas.

This article aimed to examine how health cooperation between Brazil and Portuguese-speaking countries takes place, both bilaterally and multilaterally, with emphasis on the actions taken by the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries. After analyzing the challenges to cooperation initiatives, the advances already achieved and the prospects presented were pointed out, with a view to achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations. It also highlighted the need to minimize delays and stoppages that occur when there are administrative changes; to create a legal framework that defines how Brazilian cooperation should take place at bilateral and multilateral levels, based on the principles that govern the State, in its international relations, in the search for financial sustainability and a better prior analysis of the projects to be developed, with a further evaluation of its results; as well as the need to establish mechanisms to respond to humanitarian crises. It was conclude that health cooperation provides reciprocal learning and can be seen as a tool for improvement in this area. The research adopted an analytical and quantitative methodology, of bibliographic and documentary nature, and intended to be exploratory in pointing out possible answers to the questions raised.

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Latin American social medicine efforts are typically understood as national endeavours, involving health workers, policymakers, academics, social movements, unions, and left-wing political parties, among other domestic actors. But Latin America's social medicine trajectory has also encompassed considerable between-country solidarity, building on early twentieth century interchanges among a range of players who shared approaches for improving living and working conditions and instituting protective social policies. Since the 1960s, Cuba's country-to-country solidarity has stood out, comprising medic exchanges, training, and other forms of support for the health and social struggles of oppressed peoples throughout Latin America and around the world, recently via Misión Barrio Adentro in Venezuela. These efforts strive for social justice-oriented health cooperation based on horizontal power relations, shared political values, a commitment to social and economic redistribution, bona fide equity, and an understanding of the societal determination of health that includes, but goes well beyond, public health and medical care. With Latin America's left-wing surge now receding, this article traces the provenance, dynamics, impact, challenges, and legacy of health solidarity across Latin American borders and its prospects for continuity.

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