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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and morbidity is related to poor quality of life (QOL). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may be associated with prolonged survival and QOL in patients with ALS. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether NIV is effective and safe for patients with ALS in terms of survival and QOL, alerting the health system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting standards using population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategies. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and CRD databases were searched based on the eligibility criteria for all types of studies on NIV use in patients with ALS published up to January 2022. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the findings were presented using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 120 papers identified, only 14 were related to systematic reviews. After thorough reading, only one meta-analysis was considered eligible. In the second stage, 248 studies were included; however, only one systematic review was included. The results demonstrated that NIV provided relief from the symptoms of chronic hypoventilation, increased survival, and improved QOL compared to standard care. These results varied according to clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: NIV in patients with ALS improves the outcome and can delay the indication for tracheostomy, reducing expenditure on hospitalization and occupancy of intensive care unit beds. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database: CRD42021279910 — https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=279910.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at the oral health problems of elderly patients with diabetes. A training course of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was constructed, helping patients improve their oral health quality of life. METHODS: A randomized controlled prospective experimental study was conducted. A total of 190 elderly patients were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group with 95 cases in each. The control group received regular health education, while the observation group was based on the control group to implement the integrated experiential learning of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in small groups. The oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, and blood glucose control status along with the oral health quality of life of the two groups were compared before the intervention and at 3-month postintervention. RESULTS: Three months after the intervention, the fasting blood glucose control and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose/glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The oral health quality of life in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The small-group experiential learning model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine can promote the transformation of knowledge-beliefs-behaviors in elderly patients with diabetes, which is conducive to controlling blood sugar levels and improving the quality of oral health.

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was the creation and validation of an instrument to evaluate adherence to occupational health protocols used in dentistry that arise from official regulations and international recommendations on infection control, biosafety, and occupational health in dentistry. Additionally, in May 2017 the effectiveness of the instrument was documented within the dental care clinics in the postgraduate area. METHODS: The instrument was developed based on constructs of occupational health, infection control, and biosafety in dentistry, made up of 21 indicators of 5 dimensions called protocols. Using direct observation through 35 measurements during 1 week, adherence to occupational health protocols was evaluated in postgraduate residents within the clinical sections of endodontics/pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics. RESULTS: The instrument presents an index of 0.88 in Cronbach's alpha analysis. There is a 34.4% adherence within the postgraduate dental clinic to the proposed occupational health protocols. The protocol with the highest adherence at 41.1% was the personal protection protocol. The periodontics section had a 52.9% observance of the proposed protocols and had the highest adherence to occupational health protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed instrument is valid and reliable to evaluate adherence to the proposed occupational health protocols within dental care clinics. Dental clinics must be inspected and evaluated to ensure adherence to infection control, biosafety, and occupational health protocols within routine dental practice.

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ABSTRACT Objective: this study will present insights on the situation in the surveyed sample as it relates to attitudes towards persons who abuse alcohol by age and gender and would constitute a platform upon which further research can be conducted by researchers in the drug field. Method: this cross-sectional study examines the profile of a sample of residents in the Electoral District of Woodbrook, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The sample consisted of 121 respondents. Results: alcohol was the most abused drug (85.2%), followed by marijuana (86%), cocaine (69%) and cocaine derivative (41.8%). The prevailing attitude towards persons who abused alcohol was ambivalence (64.8%); this was followed to a lesser extent by an attitude of negativity (34.4%), and the least significant attitude among respondents was premised on positivity (.8%). Respondents also held a negative attitude towards those who abused cocaine and marijuana. Conclusion: the high level of ambivalence towards alcohol use may be intertwined with the social acceptability and high usage of this drug reported from among those surveyed in the Electoral District of Woodbrook.

RESUMO Objetivo: este estudo apresentará insights sobre a situação na amostra pesquisada no que se refere a atitudes em relação às pessoas que abusam de álcool por idade e sexo e que constituiria uma plataforma sobre a qual mais pesquisas podem ser conduzidas por pesquisadores no campo das drogas. Método: transversal que examina o perfil de uma amostra de residentes no Distrito Eleitoral de Woodbrook, Port of Spain, Trinidad e Tobago. A amostra foi composta por 121 respondentes. Resultados: o álcool foi a droga mais utilizada (85,2%), seguido pela maconha (86%), cocaína (69%) e derivado de cocaína (41,8%). A atitude predominante em relação às pessoas que abusaram do álcool foi a ambivalência (64,8%); isso foi seguido em menor medida por uma atitude de negatividade (34,4%), e a atitude menos significativa entre os entrevistados foi baseada na positividade (0,8%). Os entrevistados também mantiveram uma atitude negativa em relação àqueles que abusaram de cocaína e maconha. Conclusão: o alto nível de ambivalência em relação ao uso de álcool pode estar interligado com a aceitabilidade social e alto uso dessa droga relatada entre os entrevistados no Distrito Eleitoral de Woodbrook.

RESUMEN Objetivo: este estudio presentará un informe sobre la situación en la muestra investigada en lo que se refiere a actitudes hacia las personas que hacen uso excesivo de alcohol por edad y sexo, y que constituiría una plataforma sobre la cual los investigadores pueden conducir más investigaciones en el campo de las drogas. Método: transversal que examina el perfil de una muestra de residentes en el Distrito Electoral de Woodbrook, Puerto de España, Trinidad y Tobago. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 121 participantes. Resultados: el alcohol fue la droga más utilizada (85,2%), seguida por la marihuana (86%), cocaína (69%) y derivado de la cocaína (41,8%). La actitud predominante en relación a las personas que hicieron uso excesivo de alcohol fue la ambivalencia (64,8%), seguido en menor medida por una actitud negativa (34,4%), y la actitud menos significativa entre los entrevistados se basó en la positividad (0,8%). Los entrevistados también mantuvieron una actitud negativa hacia los que hacen uso excesivo de la cocaína y marihuana. Conclusión: el alto nivel de ambivalencia en relación al uso de alcohol puede estar interconectado con la aceptabilidad social y el uso excesivo de esta droga mencionada entre los entrevistados en el Distrito Electoral de Woodbrook.

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