RESUMO
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder related to atherosclerosis. Its measurement is of great importance not only as a marker of diabetes but also for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the relationship between various IR indices and coronary risk in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub study, 1272 individuals of both genders were selected with the measurement of basal insulin and coronary risk according to the Framingham-Wilson formula calibrated for our population. The insulin resistance indices evaluated were HOMA2-IR, triglycerides and glucose index (TyG) and triglycerides/HDL ratio (TG/HDL). The predictive capacity and association between each index and the coronary risk event in 10 years were determined. Results: Of the evaluated population, 55.2% were female, 34.8% had a coronary risk ≥5% in 10 years, with the TG/HDL and TyG indices showing the highest AUC 0.712 (0.681-0.743) and 0.707 (0.675-0.739), respectively; compared to HOMA2-IR. Both were also the indices most associated with increased coronary risk, especially TG/HDL ≥3 with a higher association [OR = 2.83 (1.74-4.61); p<0.01] after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: TyG (≥4.5) and TG/HDL (≥3) indices showed a great predictive capacity of higher coronary risk, with being TG/HDL more associated even after adjusting for abdominal obesity and hs-CRP. Therefore, these represent useful tools for determining IR.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Las mujeres embarazadas con insulino-sensibilidad disminuida están en riesgo de desarrollar trastornos hipertensivos. Utilizando el corte HOMA-IR en 2,64 la población en estudio fue dividida en dos grupos: (n=154 mujeres embarazadas), las que arrojaron un HOMA-IR basal (HOMA-0) <2,64 (no-insulinorresistentes; n=113) y aquellas con HOMA-0>2,64 (insulinorresistentes, n=41). Se analizaron: a) las concentraciones circulantes de glucosa e insulina durante una prueba de tolerancia oral a 75 g de glucosa (PTOG), y b) las relaciones entre varios parámetros de insulino-sensibilidad y la predicción del desarrollo de trastornos hipertensivos. A las mujeres embarazadas (semana 24-28) se les cuantificaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de glucosa e insulina a ambos tiempos de la PTOG. Se calcularon los valores de HOMA-IR y las relaciones glucosa a insulina (G:I) y se registraron parámetros antropométricos y resultados del embarazo. Las mujeres con HOMA-0 >2,64, aunque con glucemias en ayunas normales, mostraron mayores niveles de insulinemia y de HOMA-IR, y menores valores G:I en ambos tiempos de la PTOG. Estas mujeres embarazadas fueron las que tuvieron un mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos hipertensivos y mayores parámetros de morbilidad durante el período estudiado al compararlas con aquellas cuyo HOMA-0 fue <2,64.
Pregnant women with impaired insulin sensitivity are at risk for developing hypertensive disorders. By using a cut-off at 2.64 of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) in basal condition (HOMA-0), the population under study (n=154 pregnant women) was split into two groups: 1) with basal HOMA- 0 <2.64 (non-insulin resistant; n=113) and 2) with basal HOMA-0 >2.64 (insulin resistant; n=41). Glucose and insulin circulating levels were analyzed throughout a 2-h oral 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The relationship between several parameters related to insulin resistance and the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders was analyzed. Pregnant women (on week 24-28) were submitted to an OGTT, and glucose and insulin plasma concentrations were measured throughout the test. These peripheral metabolites levels and the values of the HOMA-IR and the glucose to insulin ratio (G:I) were analyzed. Anthropometric parameters and pregnancy outcome were recorded. Women with HOMA-0 >2.64 but normal fasting glycemia showed higher insulinemias, G:I values and HOMA-IR values at both times of the OGTT. The latter were at greater risk for developing late pregnancy-induced hypertension compared to women with HOMA-0 ≤2.64.
As mulheres grávidas com diminuição da sensibilidade à insulina correm o risco de desenvolver distúrbios hipertensivos. Usando o corte HOMA-IR 2,64, a população em estudo foi dividida em dois grupos: (n=154 mulheres grávidas), que deram um HOMA-IR basal (HOMA-0) ≤2,64 (não resistentes à insulina; n=113) e aquelas com HOMA-0 >2,64 (resistentes à insulina, n=41). Foram analisadas: a) as concentrações circulantes de glicose e insulina durante uma prova de tolerância oral a 75 g. de glicose (PTOG), e b) as relações entre diversos parâmetros de sensibilidade à insulina e a predição de desenvolver distúrbios de hipertensão. Foram quantificadas nas mulheres grávidas (24-28 semanas) as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e insulina a ambos os tempos da PTOG. Valores de HOMA-IR foram calculados e as relações glicose a insulina (G:I) e se registraram parâmetros antropométricos e os resultados da gravidez. Mulheres com HOMA-0 >2,64, mas com glicemias em jejuns normais, mostraram níveis mais elevados de insulinemia e de HOMA-IR, e menores valores G:I em ambos os tempos da PTOG. Essas mulheres grávidas foram aquelas que tiveram maior risco de desenvolver distúrbios de hipertensão e maiores parâmetros de morbidade durante o período estudado em comparação com as mulheres cujo HOMA-0 foi ≤2,64.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Glicemia , Resistência à Insulina , Gravidez , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Argentina , Prevenção Primária , Antropometria , Saúde Pública , Inquéritos e Questionários , Diabetes Gestacional , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Fator de Crescimento Placentário , InsulinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metabolic outcomes of obesity and its associated disorders may not be equivalent across ethnicity and diabetes status. AIM: In this paper, we examined the association of abdominal obesity, by ethnicity and diabetes status, for indicators of glucose metabolism in Blacks. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Haitian Americans (n= 186) and African Americans (n= 148) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Student's t-test and Chi-squared test were used to assess differences in mean and proportion values between ethnicities with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relationship between insulin resistance, ethnicity, diabetes status, abdominal obesity, and adiponectin levels were analyzed by analysis of covariance while controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS: Haitian American participants were older (P = .032), had higher fasting plasma glucose (P = .036), and A1C (P = .016), but had lower levels of Hs-CRP (P < .001), insulin and HOMA2-IR and lower abdominal obesity (P = .030), than African Americans. Haitian Americans had significantly lower HOMA2-IR (P = .008) than African Americans when comparing both ethnicities with T2DM, high abdominal obesity, and adiponectin levels lower than the median (<14.75 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: The clinical significance of observed differences in insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, and adiponectin levels between Haitian Americans and African Americans could assist in forming public health policies that are ethnic specific.