RESUMO
Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN) is caused by maternal alloimmunisation to fetal human neutrophil antigens (HNAs). This study investigated maternal HNA/HLA alloantibodies involved with NAIN and identified the frequency of NAIN in Brazilian neonates. Neonatal neutropenia (neutrophil count < 1.5 × 109 /L) was investigated in samples from 10,000 unselected neonates, resulting in 88 neutropenic newborns (NBs) and their 83 mothers. Genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP (HNA-1/-4) and PCR-RFLP (HNA-3/-5). Serologic studies were performed by GAT (granulocyte agglutination test), Flow-WIFT (white blood cells immunofluorescence test) and LABScreen-Multi-HNA-Kit (OneLambda®) (LSM). Neonatal neutropenia was identified in 88/10,000 (0·9%) NBs. Genotyping revealed 60·2% maternal-fetal HNA incompatibilities (31·8% for HNA-1; 14·8% for HNA-3; 15·9% for HNA-4; 21·6% for HNA-5). Serologic studies revealed 37·3% of mothers with positive results with at least one technique. The detected anti-HNA specificities were confirmed in eight positive cases related to HNA-1/-3 systems. In cases with maternal-fetal HNA-4/-5 incompatibility, no specific neutrophil alloantibodies were found but anti-HLA I/II were present. Anti-HNA-2 was not identified. This is a large Brazilian study which involved the investigation of antibodies against all five HNA systems in neutropenia cases and showed a frequency of NAIN in 8/10,000 neonates. Among the HNA antibodies identified, we highlight the anti-HNA-1d and anti-HNA-3b, antibodies unusual in alloimmunised women, and rarely related to NAIN cases.
Assuntos
Doenças do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/sangue , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/genética , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Isoanticorpos/genética , Isoanticorpos/imunologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Neutropenia/sangue , Neutropenia/epidemiologia , Neutropenia/genética , Neutrófilos/imunologiaRESUMO
In order to study the mechanisms regulating the phenanthrene degradation pathway and the intermediate-metabolite accumulation in strain S. paucimobilis 20006FA, we sequenced the genome and compared the genome-based predictions to experimental proteomic analyses. Physiological studies indicated that the degradation involved the salicylate and protocatechuate pathways, reaching 56.3% after 15 days. Furthermore, the strain degraded other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as anthracene (13.1%), dibenzothiophene (76.3%), and fluoranthene. The intermediate metabolite 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) accumulated during phenanthrene catabolism and inhibited both bacterial growth and phenanthrene degradation, but exogenous-HNA addition did not affect further degradation. Genomic analysis predicted 126 putative genes encoding enzymes for all the steps of phenanthrene degradation, which loci could also participate in the metabolism of other PAH. Proteomic analysis identified enzymes involved in 19 of the 23 steps needed for the transformation of phenanthrene to trichloroacetic-acid intermediates that were upregulated in phenanthrene cultures relative to the levels in glucose cultures. Moreover, the protein-induction pattern was temporal, varying between 24 and 96 h during phenanthrene degradation, with most catabolic proteins being overexpressed at 96 h-e. g., the biphenyl dioxygenase and a multispecies (2Fe-2S)-binding protein. These results provided the first clues about regulation of expression of phenanthrene degradative enzymes in strain 20006FA and enabled an elucidation of the metabolic pathway utilized by the bacterium. To our knowledge the present work represents the first investigation of genomic, proteomic, and physiological studies of a PAH-degrading Sphingomonas strain.
Assuntos
Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteômica , Sphingomonas/enzimologia , Sphingomonas/genética , Sphingomonas/metabolismo , Antracenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , Simulação por Computador , DNA Bacteriano , Dioxigenases/metabolismo , Fluorenos/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/fisiologia , Naftóis/metabolismo , Fenantrenos/metabolismo , Salicilatos/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Sphingomonas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tiofenos/metabolismo , Ácido Tricloroacético/metabolismo , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
El daño pulmonar agudo ocasionado por la transfusión o TRALI (por sus siglas en inglés), definido como la aparición de un distrés respiratorio agudo en un paciente recién transfundido, pasó de ser considerado una complicación infrecuente de la terapia transfusional a ser actualmente la principal causa de mortalidad por transfusión, según sistemas de hemovigilancia de Europa y Norteamérica. Su desarrollo en forma clínicamente reconocible se atribuye a la interacción entre factores dependientes de la unidad transfundida (tipo de componente, presencia de sustancias biológicamente activas, etc.) y el estado de las respuestas celulares en el receptor. La heterogeneidad en cuanto al cuadro clínico de los pacientes afectados, la variación en el volumen infundido, el tipo de componente implicado y el tiempo desde el inicio de la transfusión hasta la aparición de los síntomas, ha hecho evolucionar la explicación a la génesis de este evento adverso, en el afán de incluir los casos sin explicación mediante las distintas hipótesis. Dos interesantes acercamientos patogénicos resultan la teoría de dos golpes y el modelo basado en el umbral que impone la relación entre los distintos factores de riesgo. La naturaleza multicausal del TRALI y el sinnúmero de variables que pueden influir en su aparición y reconocimiento, continúan haciendo de este un reto médico importante en el contexto de la medicina transfusional, donde su mejor enfoque terapéutico sigue siendo el preventivo(AU)
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) defined as the onset of an acute respiratory distress in a recently transfused patient, has passed from been considered a rare complication of transfusion therapy to be the leading cause of transfusion-associated death, as reported by hemovigilance systems in Europe and America. In a previous paper definition, epidemiology and some clinical aspects of TRALI are reviewed. Now we focused our efforts in reviewing the incompletely understood world of its pathogenesis. Clinically recognizable TRALI´s development depends on the interaction between risk factors from both the transfused component unit (as the kind of component and substances within it) and receiver patient´s cellular response. Heterogeneity of clinical features, transfused volumes, component type and time elapsed from the beginning of transfusion to the onset of symptoms have pushed the explanations for its genesis to evolve in an effort to include as much cases as the different hypotheses allowed. Two interesting approaches to TRALI´s pathogenesis are the two hit theory and the threshold model imposed by risk factors interactions. The large diversity of variables and causes which can influence its onset and clinical recognition continue to make it a real challenge for clinicians, mainly within transfusion medicine, where the best therapeutic approach available is prevention(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Reação Transfusional/complicações , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/complicações , Medicina Transfusional/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversosRESUMO
El daño pulmonar agudo ocasionado por la transfusión o TRALI (por sus siglas en inglés), definido como la aparición de un distrés respiratorio agudo en un paciente recién transfundido, pasó de ser considerado una complicación infrecuente de la terapia transfusional a ser actualmente la principal causa de mortalidad por transfusión, según sistemas de hemovigilancia de Europa y Norteamérica. Su desarrollo en forma clínicamente reconocible se atribuye a la interacción entre factores dependientes de la unidad transfundida (tipo de componente, presencia de sustancias biológicamente activas, etc.) y el estado de las respuestas celulares en el receptor. La heterogeneidad en cuanto al cuadro clínico de los pacientes afectados,la variación en el volumen infundido, el tipo de componente implicado y el tiempo desde el inicio de la transfusión hasta la aparición de los síntomas, ha hecho evolucionar la explicación a la génesis de este evento adverso, en el afán de incluir los casos sin explicación mediante las distintas hipótesis. Dos interesantes acercamientos patogénicos resultan la teoría de dos golpes y el modelo basado en el umbral que impone la relación entre los distintos factores de riesgo. La naturaleza multicausal del TRALI y el sinnúmero de variables que pueden influir en su aparición y reconocimiento, continúan haciendo de este un reto médico importante en el contexto de la medicina transfusional, donde su mejor enfoque terapéutico sigue siendo el preventivo(AU)
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) defined as the onset of an acute respiratory distress in a recently transfused patient, has passed from been considered a rare complication of transfusion therapy to be the leading cause of transfusion-associated death, as reported by hemovigilance systems in Europe and America. In a previous paper definition, epidemiology and some clinical aspects of TRALI are reviewed. Now we focused our efforts in reviewing the incompletely understood world of its pathogenesis. Clinically recognizable TRALI´s development depends on the interaction between risk factors from both the transfused component unit (as the kind of component and substances within it) and receiver patient´s cellular response. Heterogeneity of clinical features, transfused volumes, component type and time elapsed from the beginning of transfusion to the onset of symptoms have pushed the explanations for its genesis to evolve in an effort to include as much cases as the different hypotheses allowed. Two interesting approaches to TRALI´s pathogenesis are the two hit; theory and the threshold; model imposed by risk factors interactions. The large diversity of variables and causes which can influence its onset and clinical recognition continue to make it a real challenge for clinicians, mainly within transfusion medicine, where the best therapeutic approach available is prevention(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda Relacionada à Transfusão/complicações , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda Relacionada à Transfusão/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda Relacionada à Transfusão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma. Cys34, the only free Cys residue, is the predominant plasma thiol and a relevant sacrificial antioxidant. Both in vivo circulating HSA and pharmaceutical preparations are heterogeneous with respect to the oxidation state of Cys34. In this work, we developed an external pH gradient chromatofocusing procedure that allows the analysis of the oxidation status of HSA in human plasma and biopharmaceutical products based on the different apparent isoelectric points and chemical properties of the redox isoforms. Specifically, reduced-mercury blocked HSA (HSA-SHg(+)), HSA with Cys34 oxidized to sulfenic acid (HSA-SOH) and HSA oxidized to sulfinate anion (HSA-SO2(-)) can be separated with resolutions of 1.4 and 3.1 (first and last pair) and hence quantified and purified. In addition, an N-terminally degraded isoform (HSA3-585) in different redox states can be resolved as well. Confirmation of the identity of the chromatofocusing isolated isoforms was achieved by high resolution whole protein MS. It is proposed that the chromatofocusing procedure can be used to produce more exact and complete descriptions of the redox status of HSA in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the scalability capabilities of the chromatofocusing procedure allow for the preparation of highly pure standards of several redox isoforms of HSA.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Albumina Sérica/química , Albumina Sérica/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ponto Isoelétrico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isoformas de Proteínas/análise , Isoformas de Proteínas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/isolamento & purificação , Albumina Sérica/análiseRESUMO
Los antígenos especifícos de neutrófilos NA1 (HNA-1a), NA2 (HNA-1b) y SH (HNA-1c) son formas alotípicas del Fc gamma RIIIb y los blancos más frecuentes de los aloanticuerpos antigranulocitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las frecuencias alélicas de los antígenos específicos de neutrófilos pertenecientes al sistema HNA-1 en donantes de sangre y amerindios de la etnia Toba de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Se genotipificaron doscientos dieciocho individuos no relacionados para HNA-1a, HNA-1b y HNA-1c mediante reacción en cadena de polimerasa con cebadores secuencia específica (PCR-SSP). Las frecuencias alélicas en los donantes de sangre para HNA-1a y HNA-1b fueron 0,44 y 0,56 respectivamente y en la población amerindia Toba fueron 0,77 y 0,23 respectivamente. El alelo HNA-1c presentó una frecuencia de 0,023 en los donantes de sangre, pero no se detectó en ninguno de los individuos amerindios estudiados. Los presentes datos mostraron que las frecuencias de los alelos que codifican al sistema HNA-1 en la población mayoritaria de Rosario y en la minoritaria amerindia Toba son similares a las descriptas en europeos y otras poblaciones amerindias distantes, respectivamente. (AU)
The neutrophil-specific antigens NA1 (HNA-1a), NA2 (HNA-1b) and SH (HNA-1c) are allotypic forms of Fc gamma RIIIb and the most frequent targets of neutrophil alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine to gene frequencies of the neutrophil-specific antigens bolonging to the HNA-1 system in blood donors and Toba amerindians fron Rosario, Argentina. Two hundred and eighteen unrelated individual from Rosario were typed for HNA-1a, HNA-1b and HNA-1c, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). For the argentinean blood donors, the HNA-1a and HNA-1b gene frequencies were 0.44 and 0.56 and for the amerindians Toba were 0.77 and 0.23 respectively. The HNA-1c gene frequency in blood donors was 0.023 but the allele was absent within the amerindian individuals. The present data showed that the HNA-1 allele frequencies in the major population and the Toba amerindian from Rosario are similar to those described in European and others distant amerindians populations, respectively. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Frequência do Gene , Isoantígenos/genética , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Etnicidade/genética , Alelos , População , ArgentinaRESUMO
Los antígenos especifícos de neutrófilos NA1 (HNA-1a), NA2 (HNA-1b) y SH (HNA-1c) son formas alotípicas del Fc gamma RIIIb y los blancos más frecuentes de los aloanticuerpos antigranulocitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las frecuencias alélicas de los antígenos específicos de neutrófilos pertenecientes al sistema HNA-1 en donantes de sangre y amerindios de la etnia Toba de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Se genotipificaron doscientos dieciocho individuos no relacionados para HNA-1a, HNA-1b y HNA-1c mediante reacción en cadena de polimerasa con cebadores secuencia específica (PCR-SSP). Las frecuencias alélicas en los donantes de sangre para HNA-1a y HNA-1b fueron 0,44 y 0,56 respectivamente y en la población amerindia Toba fueron 0,77 y 0,23 respectivamente. El alelo HNA-1c presentó una frecuencia de 0,023 en los donantes de sangre, pero no se detectó en ninguno de los individuos amerindios estudiados. Los presentes datos mostraron que las frecuencias de los alelos que codifican al sistema HNA-1 en la población mayoritaria de Rosario y en la minoritaria amerindia Toba son similares a las descriptas en europeos y otras poblaciones amerindias distantes, respectivamente.
The neutrophil-specific antigens NA1 (HNA-1a), NA2 (HNA-1b) and SH (HNA-1c) are allotypic forms of Fc gamma RIIIb and the most frequent targets of neutrophil alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine to gene frequencies of the neutrophil-specific antigens bolonging to the HNA-1 system in blood donors and Toba amerindians fron Rosario, Argentina. Two hundred and eighteen unrelated individual from Rosario were typed for HNA-1a, HNA-1b and HNA-1c, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). For the argentinean blood donors, the HNA-1a and HNA-1b gene frequencies were 0.44 and 0.56 and for the amerindians Toba were 0.77 and 0.23 respectively. The HNA-1c gene frequency in blood donors was 0.023 but the allele was absent within the amerindian individuals. The present data showed that the HNA-1 allele frequencies in the major population and the Toba amerindian from Rosario are similar to those described in European and others distant amerindians populations, respectively.
Assuntos
Humanos , Frequência do Gene , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Isoantígenos/genética , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Alelos , Argentina , Etnicidade/genética , PopulaçãoRESUMO
Bacterioplankton was studied in a large area of Southwest Atlantic Ocean between 13 and 25ºS and 28 and 42ºW. Samples were collected in 108 stations at 20 m depth. Bacteria were enumerated by flow cytometry after nucleic acid staining with syto13 and two subgroups were differentiated: low nucleic acid content (LNA) and high nucleic acid content (HNA) bacteria. Total bacterial numbers varied from 0.37 to 5.53 10(5) cells mL-1. HNA cells represented 15 to 70% of the total number while LNA cells represented 30 to 85%. Heterotrophic bacterial production was determined by incorporation of tritiated leucine and ranged from 2.7 to 171.07 ng C L-1 h-1. No significant correlation was found between abundance and production. Nevertheless with support of multivariate analysis between bacterial abundance, bacterial production, chlorophyll a and other oceanographic data the distribution of the groups in two different oceanic provinces could be explained by nutrient availability. HNA bacteria accounted for the high percentage of cells found in the area north of 19ºS, linked to higher temperature waters and riverine nutrients inputs. LNA bacteria were the dominant cells south of this latitude and were correlated to the higher values of nitrate found for the same area.
Um estudo do bacterioplâncton foi realizado numa área extensa do Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste entre 13 e 25ºS e 28 e 42ºW. As amostras foram coletadas em 108 estações oceanográficas a 20 m de profundidade. A abundância bacteriana foi determinada por citometria de fluxo após coloração dos ácidos nucléicos com Syto13. Dois grupos de bactérias foram enumerados e distinguidos: bactérias com alto conteúdo de ácidos nucleicos (HNA) e bactérias com baixo conteúdo de ácidos nucleicos (LNA). O número de bactérias variou de 0,37 a 5,53 10(5) células mL-1. As células HNA representaram de 15 a 70% da abundância total enquanto as células LNA representaram de 30 a 85%. A produção bacteriana foi determinada por incorporação de leucina tritiada e variou de 2,7 a 171,07 ng C L-1 h-1. A correlação entre abundância e produção bacterianas não foi significativa. Entretanto uma análise multivariada realizada entre abundância, produção, clorofila a e outros dados oceanográficos revelou que a distribuição dos dois grupos em diferentes províncias oceânicas pode ser atribuída a disponibilidade de nutrientes. As bactérias HNA foram responsáveis pelo maior percentual de células na área ao norte de 19ºS e estiveram relacionadas às águas quentes e aos nutrientes de origem pluvial. As bactérias LNA foram dominantes ao sul dessa latitude e estiveram relacionadas à disponibilidade de nitrato cujos valores foram mais altos nessa região.