RESUMO

Background: There is limited real-world data of lipid control and healthcare costs among patients with and without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) in Latin America. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including patients with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) assessment from 2015 to 2017 was performed in a health insurance database. Patient characteristics, comorbidities and laboratory data were collected, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were used to identify a subcohort of patients with ASCVD (secondary prevention) and assess the proportion of these patients with LDL-C controlled. Lipid control among patients without ASCVD (primary prevention) and healthcare costs in one year in the overall population were also assessed. Results: From the 17,434 patients selected, 5,208 (29.8%) had ASCVD. The mean age of these patients in secondary prevention was 68.9 (±12.3) years and 47.8% were male patients. LDL-C < 70 mg/dL was identified in 19.1% of the ASCVD population and only 4.1% had an LDL-C < 50 mg/dL. LDL control was worse in women compared to men (13.1% vs. 25.7%; P < 0.01). The average cost in one year was 3,591 American dollars (USD) per patient in primary prevention compared to 8,210 dollars per year for patients in secondary prevention (P < 0.01). While outpatient costs accounted for 59.8% of the total cost in the primary prevention group, the main cost of the secondary prevention population was related to hospital costs (54.1%). Conclusion: Despite the favorable evidence for intensive cholesterol reduction, the evaluation of large real-world database with more than 17,000 individuals showed that the targets of guideline recommendations have not yet been adequately incorporated into clinical practice. Average annual cost per patient in secondary prevention is more than twice compared to primary prevention. Hospital expenses account for most of the cost in the secondary prevention group, while outpatient costs predominate in primary prevention.

Assuntos

RESUMO

There is limited contemporary prospective real-world evidence of patients with chronic arterial disease in Latin America. The Network to control atherothrombosis (NEAT) registry is a national prospective observational study of patients with known coronary (CAD) and/or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Brazil. A total of 2,005 patients were enrolled among 25 sites from September 2020 to March 2022. Patient characteristics, medications and laboratorial data were collected. Primary objective was to assess the proportion of patients who, at the initial visit, were in accordance with good medical practices (domains) for reducing cardiovascular risk in atherothrombotic disease. From the total of patients enrolled, 2 were excluded since they did not meet eligibility criteria. Among the 2,003 subjects included in the analysis, 55.6% had isolated CAD, 28.7% exclusive PAD and 15.7% had both diagnoses. Overall mean age was 66.3 (± 10.5) years and 65.7% were male patients. Regarding evidence-based therapies (EBTs), 4% were not using any antithrombotic drug and only 1.5% were using vascular dose of rivaroxaban (2.5 mg bid). Only 0.3% of the patients satisfied all the domains of secondary prevention, including prescription of EBTs and targets of body-mass index, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and adherence of lifestyle recommendations. The main barrier for prescription of EBTs was medical judgement. Our findings highlight that the contemporary practice does not reflect a comprehensive approach for secondary prevention and had very low incorporation of new therapies in Brazil. Large-scale populational interventions addressing these gaps are warranted to improve the use of evidence-based therapies and reduce the burden of atherothrombotic disease.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04677725.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2013, physical therapy students demonstrated low guideline-adherent recommendations regarding chronic low back pain (CLBP) for spinal pathology, activity, and work. OBJECTIVES: To assess the differences in physical therapy students' attitudes, beliefs, and adherence to guideline recommendations regarding CLBP and knee osteoarthritis between 2013 and 2020. METHODS: In 2013 and 2020, second and fourth-year physical therapy students were recruited from 6 Belgian and 2 Dutch institutions. Attitudes and beliefs regarding CLBP and knee OA were evaluated using the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT), the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS), and a questionnaire regarding therapeutic exercise and knee osteoarthritis. A clinical vignette was used to measure guideline-adherent recommendations regarding spinal pathology, activity, and work. RESULTS: In 2013, 927 second-year and 695 fourth-year students; in 2020, 695 second-year and 489 fourth-year students; were recruited to participate in the study. Compared to 2013, students had less biomedical and stronger biopsychosocial attitudes and beliefs regarding CLBP, more guideline-adherent recommendations for activity, and more biopsychosocial beliefs regarding the benefits of exercise for patients with knee osteoarthritis in both the second and fourth year. Only fourth-year students in 2020 scored significantly better on HC-PAIRS and guideline-adherent recommendation relating to spinal pathology. No differences were found regarding work recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Between 2013 and 2020, physical therapy students made a positive shift towards a more biopsychosocial approach to CLBP and knee osteoarthritis management. Guideline-adherent recommendations for CLBP concerning activity improved, however, concerning work and spinal pathology, it remained low.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The physical inactivity is a global health concern, so that recommendations on sufficient physical activity levels are elaborated worldwide, such as in Brazil. However, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines were first in the world to consider time-specific recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, which is still not developed for Latin-American population. The present study aimed to verify the adherence to Canadian 24-hour guidelines in a Brazilian inner city and to analyze its association with sociodemographic aspects. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study, with a sample composed by 250 adults (140 women), with a median age of 41.0 years. Objective measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were collected by accelerometry. Sleep duration and sociodemographic aspects (ethnicity, gender, age, educational attainment and socioeconomic level) were obtained through a face-to-face questionnaire. Canadian 24-hour guidelines considered ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA, <8 h/day of sedentary behavior and daily sleep time between 7 and 9 h, being analyzed separately and in combination. Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used to analyze the prevalence ratio (PR) of meeting the 24-hour guidelines according to the categories of sociodemographic variables, being performed by the software IBM SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: The complete 24-hour guidelines were met only by 24.4% of sample (n = 61). Sedentary behavior was the most met guideline (88%), followed by MVPA (56.8%) and sleep (53.2%), without significant difference according to sex. When compared to elderly participants, those participants in younger groups (18-39 years and 40-59 years) were more likely to meet MVPA guideline (PR = 2.51 [95%CI = 1.47; 4.28] and PR = 2.60 [95%CI = 1.52; 4.45], respectively), as well as the combination of MVPA and sedentary behavior (PR = 1.98 [95%CI = 1.13; 3.44] and PR = 2.17 [95%CI = 1.25; 3.79], respectively) and MVPA with the sleep guideline (PR = 2.39 [95%CI = 1.09; 5.27] only for 18-39 years group). Men were more likely to meet MVPA guideline than women (PR = 1.29 [95%CI = 1.04; 1.59]). CONCLUSION: Younger aged and male adults were more likely to meet the Canadian 24-hour guidelines in a small Brazilian city. However, further studies with larger and representative samples of sociodemographic stratum are still needed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: The quality of care and safety for Telemedicine-discharged patients with suspected respiratory infections are closely related to low rates of prescriptions of unjustified and high-risk medications. This retrospective study aimed to assess adherence to the current COVID-19 guidelines in direct-to-consumer telemedicine encounters at a large center using multidrug stewardship protocols. Methods: A quarterly electronic survey utilizing medical records of individual physician care assessed various quality indicators. Physicians received ongoing adaptive feedback based on personal metrics, with Telemedicine Center recommendations derived from the 2020 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The study included all consecutive adults with new respiratory symptoms in the last 14 days who sought spontaneous Telemedicine consultations between March 2020 and August 2021. This study analyzed patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and other airway infections. Results: Of the 221,128 evaluated patients, 42,042 (19%) had confirmed COVID-19; 104,021 (47%) were suspected to have COVID-19; and, 75,065 (33%) had other diagnoses. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 had a mean (+DP) age of 35±12 years. A total of 125,107 (85.65%) patients were managed at home, 2,552 (1.74%) were referred for non-urgent in-office reassessment, and 17,185 (11.7%) were referred to the emergency department for whom there was no further treatment recommendation. The antibiotic rate in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases was 0.46%/0.65% and that for non-evidence-based prescriptions was 0.01%/0.005%. Conclusion: Guideline training and Telemedicine consultation feedback may lead to lower antibiotic and antimicrobial prescriptions in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases. Multidrug stewardship protocols may improve guideline adherence and reinforce the quality of care and safety in Telemedicine encounters.

RESUMO

Introducción: la adherencia a estándares de manejo en insuficiencia cardiaca como la iniciativa Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) de la AHA puede disminuir los reingresos y mortalidad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y evaluar la adherencia a estándares de práctica clínica del programa "Get With The Guidelines", en un hospital universitario de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de la cohorte retrospectiva HUN-ICA correspondiente a 493 pacientes adultos hospitalizados entre abril 2016 y diciembre 2018 por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda, se registraron variables clínicas, tratamiento, mortalidad, reingresos y se evaluó adherencia a estándares de calidad del programa GWTG. Resultados: 52,1 % de la población fueron mujeres con una media de edad 75 años y el 67,8 % con FEVI >40 %. La etiología más común fue hipertensiva 58,5 % y la mayor causa de descompensación infecciosa (28,8 %). Aumentó la adherencia al uso de betabloqueadores en pacientes con fracción de eyección reducida al egreso de 46 % respecto al ingreso y al uso de antagonistas de receptor mineralocorticoide en pacientes con FEVI reducida de 61,1 %. Discusión: la cohorte evaluada presentó un perfil hemodinámico, clínico y adherencia en el manejo similar a cohortes nacionales. Las dosis subóptimas de la medicación al egreso justifican la necesidad de clínicas ambulatorias de insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Se encontró menor adherencia para uso y dosis óptimas de betabloqueadores y antagonista mineralocorticoide que la de la cohorte GWTG, con incremento del uso de terapia farmacológica entre el ingreso y el egreso hospitalario.

Introduction: adherence to management standards in heart failure such as the AHA´s Get With the Guidelines-Heart failure initiative can reduce readmissions and mortality. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure and to assess adherence to program quality standards of the Get With The Guidelines Program in a university hospital in Bogotá. Methods: observational, descriptive and retrospective HUN-ICA cohort study. 493 adult patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, between April 2016 to December 2018. Clinical variables, treatment, mortality, readmissions and adherence to program quality standards defined by the GWTG program criteria were evaluated. Results: 52,1 % of the population were women, mean age was 75 years, (67,8 %) cases of heart failure with LVEF > 40 %. The most common etiology of heart failure was hypertensive (58,5 %). The most frequent etiology of decompen- sation was infectious (28,8 %). Adherence to beta-blockers use increased in patients with reduced ejection fraction at discharge of 46 %, and to the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in 61,1 %, compared to admission. Discussion: the evaluated cohort presented a hemodynamic, clinical profile and adherence similar to colombian cohorts. Suboptimal doses of medication upon discharge justify the need for outpatient heart failure clinics. Conclusions: lower adherence for use and optimal doses of beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists than GWTG cohort was found, with increased use of guidelines recommended pharmacological therapy between hospital admission and discharge.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide specific recommendations on movement behaviors for children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to verify the adequacy of children and adolescents to the guidelines for moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration, and the overall adequacy to the guidelines, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents or guardians of children or adolescents from different regions of Brazil using a digital interview form including sociodemographic characteristics of families, moderate to vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration before and during the pandemic. Statistically significant variation was observed in both groups in relation to moderate to vigorous physical activity and recreational screen time between the two periods evaluated. Overall adequacy to the guidelines before the pandemic was 19.28% for children from Group 1 (0-5 years old) and 39.50% for those from Group 2 (6 to 17 years old). During the pandemic, it corresponded to 3.58% in Group 1 and 4.94% in Group 2 (p-value between periods ≤0.001). This study showed the significant impact of pandemic restrictions on reducing overall compliance and physical activity, and increasing screen time among Brazilian children and adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objectives: To determine the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and assess the factors associated with adherence. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary data from the Colombian Integrated Social Protection Information System database. Adherence was defined as prescription of oral amoxicillin for bacterial and unspecified pneumonia and non-prescription for viral pneumonia. Variables examined included: age (< 1 year, 1-4 years) of child; sex; cause of pneumonia (bacterial, viral, unspecified); region (Andean, Amazonian, Pacific, Caribbean, Insular, Orinoquian); and payment mechanism (without prior authorization, capitation, direct payment, pay per case, pay for event). Results: Of 215 925 cases of community-acquired pneumonia reported during 2017-2019, 64.8% were from the Andean region, 73.9% were bacterial pneumonia and 1.8% were viral pneumonia. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 5.8% of cases: this was highest for children diagnosed with viral (86.0%) compared with bacterial (2.0%) pneumonia. For children diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, 9.4% were prescribed any antibiotic. A greater proportion of children covered by capitated payments (22.3%) were given treatment consistent with the guidelines compared with payment for event (1.3%). Conclusion: In this first study from Colombia, adherence to guidelines for outpatient treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia was low and was better for viral pneumonia. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore the reasons for this lack of adherence and why bacterial pneumonia was the most commonly reported etiology.

RESUMO

Introdução: A Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (Ebserh) gere 41 hospitais universitários federais (HUFs), atualmente com 36 Núcleos de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (NATS). No contexto hospitalar, o NATS desenvolve produtos de avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS) para subsidiar o gestor na tomada de decisões, sendo essencial para a sustentabilidade do Sistema Único de Saúde. A implantação efetiva dos NATS ainda é desafiadora, devido à insuficiência de diretrizes específicas para ATS hospitalar. Objetivo: Relatar atuação do Grupo de Trabalho em ATS (GT-ATS) da Ebserh na elaboração de guia para orientar a estruturação e fortalecimento dos NATS dos HUFs.Relato de Experiência: O GT-ATS foi instituído por portaria, composto por representantes de NATS dos HUFs e da administração central da Ebserh. Inicialmente, fez-se levantamento dos processos envolvendo os NATS, da prática de ATS na Ebserh e foi realizado diagnóstico situacional dos NATS. Em seguida, elaborou-se o guia a partir da expertise dos membros do GT-ATS e das melhores práticas e recomendações sobre ATS hospitalar, identificadas em revisão da literatura. O "Guia para organização e funcionamento dos NATS na Rede Ebserh" foi publicado em março de 2023 no portal eletrônico da Ebserh e inclui contextualização da ATS hospitalar no Brasil, objetivos e escopo de atuação dos NATS da Ebserh, orientações para organização e funcionamento dos núcleos e modelo de regulamento interno. Também foram elaborados modelos de nota técnica, declaração de conflito de interesses, formulário de solicitação e termo de compromisso de confidencialidade. Conclusão: O GT-ATS, por meio do Guia e dos documentos elaborados, contribuiu para institucionalização, harmonização e implementação dos processos de ATS nos hospitais da Ebserh, respeitando a heterogeneidade dos contextos e níveis de maturidade dos NATS. O trabalho colaborativo dentro do GT-ATS permitiu articulação de saberes interdisciplinares e práticas interinstitucionais, ampliando a dimensão, alcance e efetividade das ações de ATS.

Introduction: The Brazilian Hospital Services Company (Ebserh) manages 41 federal university hospitals (HUFs), currently with 36 Health Technology Assessment Centers (NATS). In the hospital context, NATS develop health technology assessment (HTA) products to help managers make decisions and are essential for the sustainability of the Unified Health System. The effective implementation of NATS is still a challenge, due to the lack of specific guidelines for hospital HTA. Objective: To report on the work of Ebserh's HTA Working Group (GT-ATS) in drawing up a guide for structuring and strengthening NATS HUFs. Experience Report: The GT-ATS was set up by ordinance, made up of representatives from NATS of HUFs and from Ebserh's central administration. Initially, a survey about the processes involving the NATS and the practice of HTA at Ebserh was carried out to make a situational diagnosis. The guide was then drawn up based on the expertise of the GT-ATS members and the best practices and recommendations on hospital HTA identified in literature review. The "Guide for the organization and operation of NATS in the Ebserh network" was published in March 2023 on Ebserh's electronic portal and includes a contextualization of hospital HTA in Brazil, the objectives and scope of action of Ebserh's NATS, guidelines for the organization and operation of the centers and a model of internal regulations. Templates have also been drawn up for technical note, declaration of conflict of interests, application form and confidentiality agreement. Conclusion: Through the Guide and the documents produced, the GT-ATS contributed to the institutionalization, harmonization and implementation of HTA processes in Ebserh hospitals, while respecting the heterogeneous contexts and maturity levels of the NATS. The collaborative work within the GT-ATS has allowed interdisciplinary knowledge and inter-institutional practices to be brought together, expanding the dimension, scope and effectiveness of HTA actions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Variations in clinical practice regarding the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among clinicians have been noted in previous studies. Such variations might be related to the different adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Objective To evaluate clinicians' adherence to BPPV guidelines and investigate the variations in the adherence between different specialties and qualifications. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a vignettes-based survey conducted between June and August, 2020. We included clinicians engaged in managing BPPV that had at least one year of clinical experience. We excluded students, and clinicians who were not involved in the management of individuals with BPPV. Participants were asked to make their management choices based on four hypothetical patient vignettes. The sample ranged from 77 participants for the first vignette to 45 participants for the last vignette. Results We included 77 clinicians in the study, with the majority being Otolaryngologists (31.2%). The respondents' mean adherence to the guideline was of 63.3%. Result showed that Otolaryngologists' adherence was higher than that of clinicians from different specialties (p = 0.006, d = 0.72). Furthermore, clinicians with a postgraduate degree were more likely to adhere than those with a bachelor's degree only (p = 0.014, d = 0.58) and participants who were aware of the guideline were more likely to adhere to it (p < 0.001, d = 1.05). Lastly, regression analysis exhibited that adherence was affected by postgraduate degree and guideline awareness. Conclusion Otolaryngologists were more likely to adhere to the guideline than other specialties. Among all specialties, higher adherence was associated with guideline awareness and postgraduate degrees.

RESUMO

Introduction Variations in clinical practice regarding the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) among clinicians have been noted in previous studies. Such variations might be related to the different adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Objective To evaluate clinicians' adherence to BPPV guidelines and investigate the variations in the adherence between different specialties and qualifications. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a vignettes-based survey conducted between June and August, 2020. We included clinicians engaged in managing BPPV that had at least one year of clinical experience. We excluded students, and clinicians who were not involved in the management of individuals with BPPV. Participants were asked to make their management choices based on four hypothetical patient vignettes. The sample ranged from 77 participants for the first vignette to 45 participants for the last vignette. Results We included 77 clinicians in the study, with the majority being Otolaryngologists (31.2%). The respondents' mean adherence to the guideline was of 63.3%. Result showed that Otolaryngologists' adherence was higher than that of clinicians from different specialties ( p = 0.006, d = 0.72). Furthermore, clinicians with a postgraduate degree were more likely to adhere than those with a bachelor's degree only ( p = 0.014, d = 0.58) and participants who were aware of the guideline were more likely to adhere to it ( p < 0.001, d = 1.05). Lastly, regression analysis exhibited that adherence was affected by postgraduate degree and guideline awareness. Conclusion Otolaryngologists were more likely to adhere to the guideline than other specialties. Among all specialties, higher adherence was associated with guideline awareness and postgraduate degrees.

RESUMO

Objetivo: construir e validar uma escala de verificação da adesão às recomendações das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Ventilação Mecânica por profissionais da saúde. Método: estudo metodológico, conduzido no período entre setembro e dezembro de 2019 em um hospital público com 87 pacientes. Para a validação de conteúdo, adotou-se o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo; para a validade de critério, o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson; para a consistência interna, o alfa de Cronbach; e, para a confiabilidade interobservador, o Coeficiente Kappa e o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. Resultados: a escala identificou uma validade de conteúdo e consistência interna aceitável. A correlação de Pearson indicou uma correlação do escore de adesão com a saturação (r = 0,31; p≤0,005), o escore médio para o observador A e B resultou, respectivamente, em 88,89(±5,23) e 88,86(±5,34), e o intervalo de confiança foi de 0,96. Conclusão: a escala apresentou validade e confiabilidade para verificar a adesão às Diretrizes Brasileiras de Ventilação Mecânica dos profissionais.(AU)

Objective: to construct and validate a scale for verifying adherence to the recommendations of the Brazilian Guidelines for Mechanical Ventilation by healthcare professionals. Method: methodological study, conducted between September and December 2019 in a public hospital with 87 patients. For content validation, the Content Validation Index was adopted; for criterion validity, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient; for internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha; and, for interobserver reliability, the Kappa Coefficient, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Results: the scale identified acceptable content validity and internal consistency. Pearson's correlation indicated a correlation between adherence score and saturation (r = 0.31; p≤0.005), the average score for observer A and B resulted, respectively, in 88.89(±5.23) and 88.86(±5.34), and the confidence interval was 0.96. Conclusion: the scale showed validity and reliability to verify adherence to the Brazilian Guidelines for Mechanical Ventilation by professionals.(AU)

Objetivo: construir y validar una escala para verificar la adherencia a las recomendaciones de las directrices brasileñas sobre ventilación mecánica por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Método: estudio metodológico, realizado entre septiembre y diciembre de 2019 en un hospital público con 87 pacientes. Se adoptó el Índice de Validación de Contenido para la validación de contenido, para la validez de criterio, el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson, para la consistencia interna, el alfa de Cronbach y, para la fiabilidad interobservador, el Coeficiente Kappa y el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase. Resultados: la escala presentó una validez de contenido y una consistencia interna aceptables. La correlación de Pearson indicó una correlación de la puntuación de adherencia con la saturación (r = 0,31; p≤0,005), la puntuación media para el observador A y B resultó de 88,89(±5,23) y 88,86(±5,34), respectivamente, y el intervalo de confianza fue de 0,96. Conclusión: la escala presentó validez y confiabilidad para verificar la adherencia a las Directrices Brasileñas de Ventilación Mecánica de los profesionales.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and assess the factors associated with adherence Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of secondary data from the Colombian Integrated Social Protection Information System database. Adherence was defined as prescription of oral amoxicillin for bacterial and unspecified pneumonia and non-prescription for viral pneumonia. Variables examined included: age (< 1 year, 1-4 years) of child; sex; cause of pneumonia (bacterial, viral, unspecified); region (Andean, Amazonian, Pacific, Caribbean, Insular, Orinoquian); and payment mechanism (without prior authorization, capitation, direct payment, pay per case, pay for event). Results. Of 215 925 cases of community-acquired pneumonia reported during 2017-2019, 64.8% were from the Andean region, 73.9% were bacterial pneumonia and 1.8% were viral pneumonia. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 5.8% of cases: this was highest for children diagnosed with viral (86.0%) compared with bacterial (2.0%) pneumonia. For children diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, 9.4% were prescribed any antibiotic. A greater proportion of children covered by capitated payments (22.3%) were given treatment consistent with the guidelines compared with payment for event (1.3%). Conclusion. In this first study from Colombia, adherence to guidelines for outpatient treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia was low and was better for viral pneumonia. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore the reasons for this lack of adherence and why bacterial pneumonia was the most commonly reported etiology.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar el nivel de adherencia a las directrices clínicas al momento de prescribir amoxicilina a menores de 5 años con neumonía en entornos de atención ambulatoria en Colombia entre el 2017 y el 2019, así como evaluar los factores asociados con la adherencia. Métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal de datos secundarios de la base de datos del Sistema Integral de Información de la Protección Social de Colombia. La adherencia se definió como la prescripción de amoxicilina por vía oral para las neumonías bacterianas y no especificadas, y la ausencia de prescripción para las neumonías virales. Las variables examinadas incluyeron: edad (< 1 año, 1 a 4 años); sexo; causa de la neumonía (bacteriana, viral, no especificada); región (andina, amazónica, Pacífico, Caribe, insular, Orinoco); y mecanismo de pago (sin autorización previa, capitación, pago directo, pago por caso, pago por evento). Resultados. De 215 925 casos de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad notificados durante el período 2017-2019, el 64,8% correspondieron a la región andina, el 73,9% a neumonía bacteriana y el 1,8% a neumonía viral. Se observó la adherencia a las directrices en el 5,8% de los casos: esta cifra fue más alta para la población infantil diagnosticada con neumonía viral (86,0%) que para la diagnosticada con neumonía bacteriana (2,0%). En el caso de la población infantil diagnosticada con neumonía bacteriana, al 9,4% se le recetó algún antibiótico. La proporción de población infantil cubierta por pagos capitados (22,3%) que recibió un tratamiento en consonancia con las directrices fue mayor que la de la población cubierta por pagos por evento (1,3%). Conclusión. En este primer estudio de Colombia, la adherencia a las directrices sobre el tratamiento ambulatorio de la población infantil con neumonía bacteriana fue bajo, en tanto que resultó superior en el caso de la neumonía viral. Se necesitan más estudios cualitativos para indagar sobre los motivos de esta falta de adherencia y las razones por las cuales la neumonía bacteriana fue la etiología notificada con mayor frecuencia.

RESUMO Objetivos. Determinar o nível de adesão às diretrizes clínicas para prescrição de amoxicilina em regime ambulatorial para crianças menores de 5 anos com pneumonia na Colômbia, de 2017 a 2019, e avaliar os fatores associados à adesão. Métodos. Estudo transversal de dados secundários do banco de dados do Sistema Integrado de Informação sobre Proteção Social da Colômbia. Definiu-se adesão como prescrição de amoxicilina oral para pneumonia bacteriana e não especificada, e não prescrição para pneumonia viral. As variáveis examinadas incluíram: idade da criança (< 1 ano, 1-4 anos), sexo, etiologia da pneumonia (bacteriana, viral, não especificada), região (Andina, Amazônica, Pacífica, Caribenha, Insular, Orinoco) e mecanismo de pagamento (sem autorização prévia, capitação, pagamento direto, pay-per-case, pay-for-event). Resultados. Dos 215.925 casos de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade notificados nos anos 2017-2019, 64,8% ocorreram na região Andina, 73,9% foram pneumonia bacteriana e 1,8% foram pneumonia viral. A adesão às diretrizes foi observada em 5,8% dos casos. Foi maior para crianças com diagnóstico de pneumonia viral (86,0%) em comparação com pneumonia bacteriana (2,0%). Para as crianças com diagnóstico de pneumonia bacteriana, 9,4% receberam algum antibiótico. Uma proporção maior de crianças cobertas por pagamentos capitados (22,3%) recebeu tratamento compatível com as diretrizes, contra apenas 1,3% no esquema de pay-for-event. Conclusão. Neste primeiro estudo da Colômbia, a adesão às diretrizes para tratamento ambulatorial de crianças com pneumonia bacteriana foi baixa, sendo melhor para pneumonia viral. Mais estudos qualitativos são necessários para explorar as razões dessa falta de adesão e por qual motivo a pneumonia bacteriana foi a etiologia mais comumente notificada.

RESUMO

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a adesão de enfermeiros a um protocolo de prevenção de quedas e as variáveis demográficas, profissionais e de autoeficácia. Método: estudo transversal, com 23 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário de Cuiabá. Dados coletados por meio de questionário e da Escala de Autoeficácia Geral e Percebida. A medida da adesão dos enfermeiros ao protocolo de prevenção de quedas foi realizada pela verificação do número de registros de avaliação do risco de queda nos prontuários pelos enfermeiros nas 24 horas após admissão dos pacientes. Resultados: a idade média dos participantes foi de 37,56 anos e 91,3% eram do sexo feminino, com média de 11,43 anos de formação. Houve adesão de 39,13% ao protocolo e diferença significativa na adesão dos enfermeiros quando consideradas as clínicas (p=0,006). Conclusão: evidenciou-se associação entre a adesão de enfermeiros a um protocolo de prevenção de quedas e as unidades as quais eles trabalham. As características dos pacientes internados nessas unidades podem ter influenciado a adesão.

Objective: to analyze the association between nurses' adherence to a fall prevention protocol and demographic, professional and self-efficacy variables. Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 23 nurses at a university hospital in Cuiabá, using a self-efficacy questionnaire and the Perceived and General Self-Efficacy Scale. The nurses' adherence to the fall prevention protocol was measured by checking the number of fall risk assessment records in the nurses' records within 24 hours of patient admission. Results: participant mean age was 37.56 years and 91.3% were female, with an average of 11.43 years of training; 39.13% of the nurses adhered to the protocol and nurses' adherence differed significantly between units (p = 0.006). Conclusion: an association was found between nurses' adherence to a fall prevention protocol and the units where they worked. The characteristics of patients admitted to these units may have influenced adherence.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre la adhesión de enfermeros a un protocolo de prevención de caídas y las variables demográficas, profesionales y de autoeficacia. Método: estudio transversal junto a 23 enfermeros de un hospital universitario de Cuiabá. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario y de la Escala de Autoeficacia General. La medida de la adherencia de los enfermeros al protocolo de prevención de caídas se realizó mediante la verificación del número de registros de evaluación del riesgo de caídas en las historias de los enfermeros dentro de las 24 horas posteriores al ingreso del paciente. Resultados: la edad media de los participantes fue de 37,56 años y el 91,3% eran mujeres, con un promedio de 11,43 años de formación. La adhesión al protocolo fue del 39,13%. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la adherencia de los enfermeros en cuanto a las clínicas (p = 0,006). Conclusión: se evidenció la asociación entre la adherencia de los enfermeros a un protocolo de prevención de caídas y las unidades en las que laboran. Las características de los pacientes ingresados en estas unidades pueden haber influido en la adherencia.

RESUMO

Objetivos:descrever a concordância dos enfermeiros quanto à avaliação, diagnóstico e prevenção de delirium em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e verificar a associação da concordância ao perfil sociodemográfico dos profissionais. Método:estudo transversal realizado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva geral e cardiológica de um hospital de alta complexidade, entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018. Participaram 61 enfermeiros por meio de surveyeletrônica com dezessete questões, sendo excluídos os que estavam em férias ou licença médica durante a coleta de dados. Resultados:A mediana de afirmativas com alta concordância foi de 11 por profissional, com 64% da amostra obtendo baixa concordância. As afirmativas com melhor concordância incluíram fatores de risco, algoritmo de avaliação, atuação do enfermeiro e conhecimento sobre sinais da síndrome. Conclusão:Os enfermeiros apresentaram baixa concordância às diretrizes de melhores práticas no manejo do delirium e não foi encontrada associação entre a alta concordância e ascaracterísticas sociodemográficas

Objectives:to describe nurses' agreement to regarding the assessment, diagnosis and preventionof delirium in the Intensive Care Unit and to verify the association of agreement with the sociodemographic profile of professionals. Method:cross-sectional study carried out in the general and cardiac Intensive Care Units of a high-complexity hospital, between January and February 2018. Sixty one nurses participated in an electronic survey with seventeen questions, excluding those who were on vacation or sick leave during the data collection. Results:The median of statements with high agreement was 11 per professional, with 64% of the sample obtaining low agreement. The statements with the best agreement included risk factors, assessment algorithm, nurse's role and knowledge about signs of the syndrome. Conclusion:Nurses showed low agreement with the guidelines for best practices in the management of delirium and no association was found between high agreement and sociodemographic characteristics.

Objetivos:describir la concordancia de enfermeras sobre la evaluación, diagnóstico y prevencióndel delirio en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y verificar la asociación de concordancia con el perfil sociodemográfico de los profesionales. Método:estudio transversal realizado en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Generales y Cardíacos de un hospital de alta complejidad, entre enero y febrero de 2018. Participaron 61 enfermeras en una encuesta electrónica con diecisiete preguntas, excluyendo a las que se encontraban de vacaciones o baja laboral durante la recopilación de datos. Resultados:La mediana de enunciados con alta concordancia fue de 11 por profesional, con un 64% de la muestra obteniendo baja concordancia. Los enunciados con mejor concordancia incluyeron factores de riesgo, algoritmo de evaluación, rol de la enfermera y conocimiento sobre los signos del síndrome. Conclusión:las enfermeras mostraron bajo acuerdo con las guías de buenas prácticas en el manejo del delirio y no se encontró asociación entre alto acuerdo y características sociodemográficas

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract: Objective: To estimate energy contribution (EC) of food groups in 2016, to compare consumption against Mexican Dietary Guidelines, and to examine changes in EC from 2012 to 2016. Materials and methods: We analyzed 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2012 and 2016 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (Ensanut). Foods and beverages were classified into eight food groups: cereals, legumes, dairy, meats, fruit and vegetables, fats and oils, sugar-sweetened beverages, and high in saturated fat and added sugar (HSFAS) products. Results: Cereals had the highest EC (30.1%), followed by meats (15.9%), HSFAS products (15.5%), and SSBs (10.5%). Fruits and vegetables, and legumes had the lowest contribution with 6.4 and 3.8%, respectively. SSBs, meats, and HSFAS products were 250, 59 and 55% above the recommended intake, respectively. Conclusions: This analysis confirms the need to generate a food environment conducive to a healthier diet.

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar la contribución energética (CE) de grupos de alimentos al compararla con las Guías Alimentarias y examinar los cambios de 2012 a 2016. Material y métodos: Se analizaron recordatorios de 24 horas de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición de 2012 y 2016. Los alimentos y bebidas se clasificaron en ocho grupos: cereales, leguminosas, lácteos, carnes, frutas y verduras, grasas, bebidas azucaradas, y productos altos en grasa saturada y/o azúcares añadidos. Resultados: Los cereales tuvieron la CE más alta (30.1%), seguidos por carnes (15.9%), productos altos en grasa saturada y azúcares añadidos (15.5%) y bebidas azucaradas (10.5%). Frutas y verduras y leguminosas tuvieron la menor CE con 6.4 y 3.8%, respectivamente. Las bebidas azucaradas, carnes y productos altos en grasa saturada y azúcares añadidos superaron en 250, 59 y 55% la recomendación, respectivamente. Conclusión: Este análisis confirma la necesidad de generar un ambiente alimentario que propicie una dieta más saludable.

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction and objective: In Colombia, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors are recommended as second-best choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. However, no evaluation of the accomplishment or impact of this recommendation was performed. The objective was to determine the prescription of the DPP4 inhibitor according to the Colombian Clinicial Practice Guide regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, and its effects on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Materials and methods: A descriptive study that included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended a first level between 2016 and 2018, had a prescription for DPP4 inhibitor and at least two control appointments. Variables included were sociodemographic, clinics, treatment and comorbidities. The unadjusted prescription was defined as the lack of accomplishment of Colombian guidelines. Descriptive statistics and X2 test were used for the comparison of categorical variables. A binary logistic regression model was applied. Results: 112 out of 207 patients accomplished inclusion criteria, of which 77 were women (68.8%). Also, 68.8% of the patients had an unadjusted prescription of the iDPP4. There was a 0.21% total reduction in HbA1c levels, with a mean of 198.2 ± 124 days between the first and second control measurement (reduction of 0.55% when the prescription was adjusted to the guidelines and 0.05% if it was unadjusted). Conclusion: There is a limited impact of DPP4 inhibitors regarding the reduction of HbA1c and metabolic control, and there is a slight follow-up to the Colombian guidelines in patients who attend a first level.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivo: En Colombia se recomiendan los inhibidores de la Dipeptidil Peptidasa-IV (iDPP4) como segunda opción para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. No se ha evaluado el cumplimiento e impacto de esta recomendación. Como objetivo se buscó determinar la prescripción de los iDPP4 según las recomendaciones de la Guía de Práctica Clínica colombiana, y su efecto sobre la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo que incluyó pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que consultaron a un primer nivel entre 2016 y 2018, y tenían formulado un iDPP4, con al menos dos consultas de seguimiento. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, tratamiento y comorbilidades. La prescripción no ajustada se definió como la falta de cumplimento de la recomendación de la guía colombiana. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y pruebas X2 para la comparación de variables categóricas. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Hubo 207 pacientes de los cuales 112 cumplieron criterios de inclusión, 77 eran mujeres (68,8%). El 68,8% de los pacientes presentaron una prescripción no ajustada del iDPP4. Hubo una reducción total de 0,21%, con una media de 198,2±124 días entre la primera y segunda medición de HbA1c de control (reducción de 0,55% cuando la prescripción se ajustaba a la guía colombiana y 0,05% cuando no). Conclusión: Hay un limitado impacto de los iDPP4 frente a la reducción de HbA1c y poco seguimiento de la guía colombiana en pacientes de primer nivel de atención.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background Surgical site infections account for 14-17% of all healthcare-associated infections. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) are complementary strategies developed to optimize the use of antimicrobials. Aim to evaluate the effectiveness of AMS in promoting adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols in hospitalized patients, reducing surgical site infection rate and cost-benefit ratio. Method This systematic review of randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials and before and after studies was performed using Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov, in addition to reference lists of included studies. The risk of bias of studies was measured by the ROBINS-I checklist and the quality of the evidence synthesis by GRADE. Results Fourteen before and after design studies were included. In 85.7% of the studies, AMS was effective in increasing adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols and in 28.5%, there was reduction in surgical site infection rate. Three studies evaluated cost-benefit ratio and found a favorable impact. Eight (57%) studies were at risk of moderate bias and six had severe bias. The evaluation of the synthesis of evidence showed quality ranging from low to very low. Conclusion AMS, such as audit, feedback, education, implementation of a protocol, and a computer-assisted decision support methodology, appear to be effective in promoting adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis protocols, reducing surgical site infection rate with a positive economic impact. However, more studies, particularly randomized clinical trials, are needed to improve the level of evidence of available information on AMS in order to favor decision-making.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a adesão das instituições de longa permanência brasileiras às orientações de Prevenção e Controle de Infecções da Organização Mundial da Saúde, observando a associação entre seu porte e a adesão a essas recomendações. Método: estudo transversal realizado com gestores de estabelecimentos. Os autores desenvolveram um questionário de 20 itens, com base nessas orientações, e um escore global de adesão, com base na adesão a essas recomendações. A adesão foi classificada como (1) excelente para aquelas que atenderam ≥14 de 20 recomendações, (2) bom para 10 a 13 itens e (3) baixo para aquelas com menos de dez itens. O tamanho das instalações foi classificado como pequeno, médio e grande, de acordo com uma análise de cluster em duas etapas. Estatística descritiva e teste de qui-quadrado foram utilizados com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: das 362 instituições incluídas, 308 (85,1%) aderiram a 14 ou mais recomendações. Em relação ao seu tamanho, a adesão à triagem de sintomas de COVID-19 dos visitantes (p=0,037) e ao isolamento de pacientes até que tenham dois exames laboratoriais negativos (p=0,032) foi menor em estabelecimentos maiores, em comparação com estabelecimentos de médio e pequeno porte. Conclusão: a adesão às medidas de mitigação da COVID-19 nas unidades brasileiras foi considerada excelente para a maioria das recomendações, independentemente do porte das unidades.

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the adherence of Brazilian long-term care facilities to the World Health Organization Infection Prevention and Control guidance, and assess the association of their size with the adherence to these recommendations. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with facilities' managers. Authors developed a 20-item questionnaire based on this guidance, and a global score of adherence, based on the adoption of these recommendations. Adherence was classified as (1) excellent for those who attended ≥14 out of 20 recommendations; (2) good for 10 to 13 items; and (3) low for those with less than ten items. Facilities' sizes were established as small, intermediate, and large according to a two-step cluster analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used at a 5% significance level. Results: among 362 included facilities, 308 (85.1%) adhered to 14 or more recommendations. Regarding its size, adherence to screening COVID-19 symptoms of visitors (p=0.037) and isolating patients until they have had two negative laboratory tests (p=0.032) were lower on larger ones compared to medium and small facilities. Conclusion: adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures in Brazilian facilities was considered excellent for most of the recommendations, regardless of the size of the units.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la adhesión de instituciones brasileñas de larga estancia a las orientaciones de Prevención y Control de Infecciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y evaluar la asociación entre su tamaño y la adhesión a esas recomendaciones. Método: estudio transversal realizado con gerentes de establecimientos. Los autores desarrollaron un cuestionario de 20 ítems basado en estas directrices y un puntaje general de cumplimiento acorde a la observancia de estas recomendaciones. La adhesión se calificó (1) excelente para aquellas que cumplieron con ≥14 de 20 recomendaciones; (2) buena para 10 a 13 artículos; y (3) baja para aquellas con menos de diez elementos. El tamaño de las instalaciones se clasificó como pequeños, medianos y grandes de acuerdo con un análisis de clúster de dos pasos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: de las 362 instituciones incluidas, 308 (85,1%) se adhirieron a 14 o más recomendaciones. En cuanto a su tamaño, la adhesión al cribado de síntomas de COVID-19 de los visitantes (p=0,037) y al aislamiento de los pacientes hasta que tengan dos pruebas de laboratorio negativas (p=0,032) fue menor en los establecimientos más grandes en comparación con los establecimientos medianos y pequeños. Conclusión: la adhesión a las medidas de mitigación de la COVID-19 en las unidades brasileñas fue considerada excelente para la mayoría de las recomendaciones, independientemente del tamaño de las unidades.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical trial protocols are essential documents that serve as a basis for research planning. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement aimed to increase the transparency and integrity of clinical trial protocols. Objectives: This paper described the main aspects of the SPIRIT, highlighting the importance of using this guideline in Orthodontics. Results: The SPIRIT is composed of 33 items and the diagram, which were presented and explained. Conclusion: The use of the SPIRIT checklist must become essential to increase the transparency and integrity of more reliable and less biased clinical trials in orthodontic research, improving the quality of future publications in this field.

RESUMO Introdução: Protocolos de ensaios clínicos são documentos essenciais, que servem como base para o planejamento da pesquisa. As diretrizes do Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) objetivam aumentar a transparência e a integridade dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos. Objetivos: O presente trabalho descreve os principais aspectos do SPIRIT, destacando a importância do uso dessas diretrizes na Ortodontia. Resultados: O SPIRIT é composto por 33 itens e 1 diagrama, que foram aqui apresentados e explicados. Conclusão: O uso do checklist SPIRIT deve se tornar essencial, para aumentar a transparência e a integridade de ensaios clínicos na pesquisa ortodôntica, tornando-os mais confiáveis e menos tendenciosos, melhorando, dessa forma, a qualidade das futuras publicações nessa área.