RESUMO

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecologic disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue, including endometrial glands and stroma, outside of the uterine cavity. It is a prevalent condition worldwide, affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women and up to 50% of infertile women. Endometriosis manifests in three ways: superficial peritoneal endometriosis, deep infiltrative endometriosis, and ovarian endometriomas, with the possibility of coexistence among them. The disease presents with a range of symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. Additionally, patients may experience nongynecological symptoms such as dyschezia, dysuria, hematuria, flank pain, and fatigue, among others. The ovaries are the most affected site in endometriosis, typically with cysts measuring less than 6 cm in diameter. Therefore, even in the presence of a large ovarian cyst or in asymptomatic patients, the consideration of an endometrial cyst should not be overlooked.