RESUMO
Resumen OBJETIVO: Reportar la experiencia en la práctica de cerclajes con indicación profiláctica y terapéutica en pacientes con embarazo único o múltiple, con insuficiencia cervical. Además, informar los días de gestación ganados y comparar las técnicas quirúrgicas con los cerclajes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal efectuado entre enero de 2011 y enero de 2018. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes a quienes se efectuó un cerclaje y el embarazo finalizó en nuestra unidad. Variables de estudio: edad, IMC, embarazos, abortos, días de gestación ganados, días en que se efectuó el procedimiento quirúrgico, semanas de gestación cumplidas a la finalización del embarazo, tiempo quirúrgico, medicamentos (tocolíticos y antibióticos), complicaciones a partir del cerclaje hasta la finalización del embarazo. Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizó el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS (versión 22); la distribución se obtuvo con t de Student, se aplicó la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y las variables con distribución normal se analizaron, comparativamente, con ANOVA y las de distribución anormal con la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 37 casos en los que el cerclaje prolongó 116.14 ± 47.4 días la gestación, con finalización promedio del embarazo a los 246.41 ± 26.54 días. El cerclaje Shirodkar fue superior: prolongó la gestación 134.69 días con finalización del embarazo a las 36 ± 2 semanas. CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes con insuficiencia cervical el cerclaje es una opción para prolongar el embarazo. La técnica Shirodkar tuvo márgenes de mayor seguridad hasta la finalización del embarazo (más de 34 semanas). El comportamiento en embarazos múltiples es similar, por lo que en caso de insuficiencia cervical debe aplicarse.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To report the experience in the practice of cerclages with prophylactic and therapeutic indication in patients with single or multiple pregnancy, with cervical incompetence. In addition, report the days of pregnancy gained, compare surgical techniques and cerclages in single and multiple gestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 and January 2018. Inclusion criteria: patients who had a cerclage and the pregnancy ended in our unit. Study variables: age, BMI, pregnancies, abortions, days of gestation earned, days in which they were placed, weeks of gestation completed at the end of pregnancy, surgical time, medications (tocolytics and antibiotics), complications from the placement of the cerclage until the end of pregnancy. For the descriptive analysis the statistical package IBM SPSS (version 22) was used; the distribution was obtained with Student's t test, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied and the variables with normal distribution were analyzed, comparatively, with ANOVA and those with abnormal distribution with the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: 37 cases were analyzed in which the placement of cerclage prolonged 116.14 ± 47.4 days gestation, with an average termination of pregnancy at 246.41 ± 26.54 days. The Shirodkar cerclage was superior: it extended gestation 134.69 days with the end of pregnancy at 36 ± 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cervical incompetence cerclages are an option to prolong pregnancy. The Shirodkar technique had higher safety margins until the end of pregnancy (more than 34 weeks). The behavior in multiple pregnancies is similar, so in case of cervical incompetence should be applied.
RESUMO
Este trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito da inseminação artificial (IA) convencional e pós-cervical (PC) sobre a eficiência reprodutiva de suínos, avaliando taxa de prenhez, ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas e índices de leitões. O estudo foi conduzido em granja comercial, onde os dados de 364 matrizes suínas foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Convencional (n= 153) IA convencional 12 e 24 horas após a detecção do cio; PC24 (n = 77) IA pós-cervical 12 e 36 horas após a detecção de cio; e PC12 (n = 134) IA pós-cervical 12 e 24 horas após a detecção de cio. Foi registrada a ocorrência das falhas reprodutivas: aborto, micro-aborto e repetição de cio. As gestações e partos foram acompanhados e os leitões nascidos foram avaliados. Os dados foram registrados em software especializado (AGRINESS S2 versão 5.5.6). As taxas percentuais das falhas reprodutivas observadas e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (SAS, 2008), ao nível de significância de 5%. As taxas de aborto e repetição de cio observadas foram baixas e não diferiram entre os grupos de tratamento (p0,05), mostrando maior taxa de micro-aborto em matrizes suínas submetidas a IA convencional. Não foram observados leitões mortos ao nascer durante o período do estudo. O número de natimortos, mumificados e o peso médio dos leitões não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos avaliados (p0,05) comparado aos demais. Conclui-se que a IA pós-cervical com intervalo de 12 horas é a que mais contribuiu para a eficiência reprodutiva de matrizes suínas.
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of conventional and post cervical artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive efficiency of swines, evaluating pregnancy rate, occurrence of reproductive failures and piglet indexes. The study was conducted in a commercial farm, where data from 364 matrices were randomly distributed into three groups: Conventional (n = 153) -conventional AI 12and 24 hours after the detection of estrus; PC24 (n = 77) -post cervical IA 12 and 36 hours after oestrus detection; and PC12 (n = 134) post-cervical IA 12 and 24 hours after oestrus detection. Occurrence of reproductive failures was recorded such as: abortion, micro-abortion and heat repetition. Gestations and deliveries were followed and the piglets born were evaluated. Data were recorded in specialized software (AGRINESS S2 version 5.5.6). Percentages of observed reproductive failures and data were submitted to statistical analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis test (SAS, 2008), at a significance level of 5%. The observed abortion and estrus rates were low and did not differ between treatment groups (p0.05), showing a higher rate of micro-abortion in swine matings submitted to conventional AI. No dead piglets were observed at birth during the study period. Number of stillbirths, mummified and the average weight of the piglets did not differ significantly between the evaluated groups (p0.05) compared to the others. It was concluded that post-cervical AI with a 12 hour interval is the one that most contributed to the reproductive efficiency of swine matrices.
Assuntos
Animais , Inseminação , Suínos/embriologia , Técnicas Reprodutivas/veterináriaRESUMO
Este trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito da inseminação artificial (IA) convencional e pós-cervical (PC) sobre a eficiência reprodutiva de suínos, avaliando taxa de prenhez, ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas e índices de leitões. O estudo foi conduzido em granja comercial, onde os dados de 364 matrizes suínas foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Convencional (n= 153) IA convencional 12 e 24 horas após a detecção do cio; PC24 (n = 77) IA pós-cervical 12 e 36 horas após a detecção de cio; e PC12 (n = 134) IA pós-cervical 12 e 24 horas após a detecção de cio. Foi registrada a ocorrência das falhas reprodutivas: aborto, micro-aborto e repetição de cio. As gestações e partos foram acompanhados e os leitões nascidos foram avaliados. Os dados foram registrados em software especializado (AGRINESS S2 versão 5.5.6). As taxas percentuais das falhas reprodutivas observadas e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (SAS, 2008), ao nível de significância de 5%. As taxas de aborto e repetição de cio observadas foram baixas e não diferiram entre os grupos de tratamento (p<0,05). A taxa de micro-aborto foi baixa no grupo PC12 e inexistente no grupo PC24, ambos inseminados pela técnica pós-cervical. No entanto, a taxa de micro-aborto do grupo CV foi maior que as demais (p>0,05), mostrando maior taxa de micro-aborto em matrizes suínas submetidas a IA convencional. Não foram observados leitões mortos ao nascer durante o período do estudo. O número de natimortos, mumificados e o peso médio dos leitões não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos avaliados (p<0,05). O número de leitões nascidos vivos e o peso da leitegada foram significativamente maiores no grupo PC12 (p>0,05) comparado aos demais. Conclui-se que a IA pós-cervical com intervalo de 12 horas é a que mais contribuiu para a eficiência reprodutiva de matrizes suínas.(AU)
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of conventional and post cervical artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive efficiency of swines, evaluating pregnancy rate, occurrence of reproductive failures and piglet indexes. The study was conducted in a commercial farm, where data from 364 matrices were randomly distributed into three groups: Conventional (n = 153) -conventional AI 12and 24 hours after the detection of estrus; PC24 (n = 77) -post cervical IA 12 and 36 hours after oestrus detection; and PC12 (n = 134) post-cervical IA 12 and 24 hours after oestrus detection. Occurrence of reproductive failures was recorded such as: abortion, micro-abortion and heat repetition. Gestations and deliveries were followed and the piglets born were evaluated. Data were recorded in specialized software (AGRINESS S2 version 5.5.6). Percentages of observed reproductive failures and data were submitted to statistical analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis test (SAS, 2008), at a significance level of 5%. The observed abortion and estrus rates were low and did not differ between treatment groups (p<0.05). Micro-abortion rate was low in the PC12 group and non-existent in the PC24 group, both inseminated by the post-cervical technique. However, the micro-abortion rate of the CV group was higher than the others (p>0.05), showing a higher rate of micro-abortion in swine matings submitted to conventional AI. No dead piglets were observed at birth during the study period. Number of stillbirths, mummified and the average weight of the piglets did not differ significantly between the evaluated groups (p<0.05). Number of live-born piglets and 110Colloquium Agrariae, v. 13, n.2, Mai-Ago.2017, p.109-115. DOI: 10.5747/ca.2017.v13.n2.a165litter weight were significantly higher in the PC12 group (p>0.05) compared to the others. It was concluded that post-cervical AI with a 12 hour interval is the one that most contributed to the reproductive efficiency of swine matrices.(AU)