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PURPOSE: To understand the applicability and unique contributions of global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to investigate individuals' participation in the community. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to summarize studies that employed GPS and/or GIS to assess community participation. Systematic literature searches were performed using nine electronic databases, up to April 2022. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility and extracted data from the selected studies. RESULTS: The searches retrieved 628 articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria. In 31 studies, a GPS unit or GPS-enabled device monitored the community mobility of individuals with different health conditions. Tracking periods varied from five hours to 30 consecutive days. The spatiotemporal parameters obtained from satellite-based data provided information about individuals' presence in the community. Most studies combined GPS with other measuring tools (self-report diaries/questionnaires, qualitative interviews) to capture a broader description of community participation. CONCLUSIONS: GPS and GIS are viable approaches for advancing research as they provide unique information about community participation not easily captured by other methods. The combination of available methods comprehensively address the physical and social dimensions of this construct.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONGlobal positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology allows direct and real-time quantification of patterns of individuals' community mobility.The geographic area where individuals participate in daily living activities complements information from self-report diaries/questionnaires.Combining GPS technology with self-report diaries/questionnaires allows a broader description of individuals' community participation, addressing respectively both its physical and social dimensions.Knowledge of individuals' access to and involvement in community locations/situations may help therapists design interventions to improve community participation.

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The new Acute Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19, has affected the health and the economy worldwide. Therefore, scientists have been looking for ways to understand this disease. In this context, the main objective of this study was the spatialization of COVID-19, thinking in distinguishing areas with high transmissibility yet, verifying if these areas were associated with the elderly population occurrence. The work was delineated, supposing that spatialization could support the decision-making to combat the outbreak and that the same method could be used for spatialization and prevent other diseases. The study area was a municipality near Sao Paulo Metropolis, one of Brazil's main disease epicenters. Using official data and an empirical Bayesian model, we spatialized people infected by region, including older people, obtaining reasonable adjustment. The results showed a weak correlation between regions infected and older adults. Thus, we define a robust model that can support the definition of actions aiming to control the COVID-19 spread.

RESUMO

Introduction: The prediction of potential fishing areas is considered one of the most immediate and practical approaches in fisheries and is an essential technique for decision-making in managing fishery resources. It helps fishermen reduce their fuel costs and the uncertainty of their fish catches; this technique allows to contribute to national and international food security. In this study, we build different combinations of predictive statistical models such as Generalized Linear Models and Generalized Additive Models. Objective: To predict the spatial distribution of PFZs of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus L.) in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Methods: We built different combinations of Generalized Linear Models and Generalized Additive Models to predict the Catch Per Unit Effort of C. hippurus captured from 2002 to 2015 as a function of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea level anomaly, and bathymetry. Results: A Generalized Additive Model with Gaussian error distribution obtained the best performance for predicting PFZs for C. hipurus. Model validation was performed by calculating the Root Mean Square Error through a cross-validation approach. The R2 of this model was 50 %, which was considered suitable for the type of data used. January and March were the months with the highest Catch per Unit Effort values, while November and December showed the lower values. Conclusion: The predicted PFZs of C. hippurus with Generalized Additive Models satisfactorily with the results of previous research, suggesting that our model can be explored as a tool for the assessment, decision making, and sustainable use of this species in the Colombian Pacific Ocean.

Introducción: La predicción de zonas potenciales de pesca se considera uno de los enfoques más inmediatos y efectivos en las pesquerías, es una técnica importante para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de los recursos pesqueros. Ayuda a los pescadores a reducir su costo de combustible y también a disminuir la incertidumbre de sus capturas, esta técnica permite contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria nacional e internacional. En este estudio, se construyeron diferentes combinaciones de modelos estadísticos predictivos como modelos lineales generalizados y modelos aditivos generalizados. Objetivo: predecir la distribución espacial de las zonas potenciales de pesca del pez dorado (Coryphaena hippurus L.) en el Pacífico colombiano. Métodos: La variable de respuesta se expresó en escala de captura por unidad de esfuerzo, es decir, el número de individuos de C. hippurus capturados por un número total de anzuelos disponibles entre 2002 y 2015. Temperatura de la superficie del mar, concentración de clorofila, anomalía del nivel del mar y batimetría, se utilizaron como variables explicativas para los meses de estacionalidad de C. hippurus (noviembre - marzo). Resultados: El modelo con mejor rendimiento para la predicción de zonas potenciales de pesca fue un modelo aditivo generalizado con distribución de error gaussiana y función de enlace de registro, que se seleccionó en función del criterio de información de Akaike, el R2 y la desviación explicada. La validación del modelo se realizó calculando el error cuadrático medio a través de un enfoque de validación cruzada. El ajuste de este modelo fue del 50 %, lo que puede considerarse adecuado para el tipo de datos utilizados. Enero y marzo fueron los meses con mayor captura por unidad de esfuerzo y noviembre-diciembre los meses con menor. Conclusión: Las zonas potenciales de pesca previstas coincidieron satisfactoriamente con investigaciones anteriores, lo que sugiere que nuestro modelo es una herramienta poderosa para la evaluación, toma de decisiones y uso sostenible de los recursos pesqueros de C. hippurus en el Pacífico colombiano.

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Mexico is home to a large number of reptile species and has one of the greatest diversities of venomous snakes, among which the rattlesnakes pertaining to the Crotalus genus stand out. Out of more than 40 species in the country, nine are found in Zacatecas: C. aquilus, C. atrox, C. basiliscus, C. lepidus, C. molossus, C. polystictus, C. pricei, C. scutulatus and C. willardi. Although these reptiles are important, due to their relevance in terms of ecology, cultural use and public health, their conservation is impacted by multiple factors, such as habitat fragmentation and indiscriminate killing. Thus, most species within this genus are found in some type of risk category at both the national and international level. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential distribution and diversity of rattlesnakes at the municipal level in the understudied state of Zacatecas. To do this, we analyzed and described the global distribution of nine rattlesnake species by building species distribution models, which determined their potential distribution based on a set of ecological variables and presence records. The resulting models were used to assess the diversity of rattlesnake species potentially present in each municipality within the state. Thirty-nine (67.24 %) out of fifty-eight municipalities registered at least one rattlesnake species. Fresnillo, Sombrerete and Valparaíso were some of the municipalities showing greatest diversity. Moreover, C. atrox, C. lepidus, C. molossus and C. scutulatus were the most widely found species in the state. On the other hand, C. basiliscus, C. polystictus, C. pricei and C. willardi were rarely spotted and so, information on their distribution patterns within Zacatecas is limited. Finally, the areas having the largest potential for the distribution of these species were defined. These findings should make field work much more time- and cost-effective, facilitating the collection of in situ data that are useful for management and conservation plans of these species in Zacatecas.

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This study focused on assessing the prevalence, geospatial distribution and risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in cattle from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, through the years 2012 to 2015. The prevalence established was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014), with a higher detection of unviable cysticerci (84.80%). The municipalities of Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia D'Oeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá and Guajará-Mirim had higher risk (OR>1; p<0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence compared with the municipality of Castanheiras (OR=1). The Administrative Regions of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado D'Oeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná had higher risk (OR>1; p<0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence in the slaughtered animals than those reared in Ariquemes Administrative Region (OR=1). Some variables such as human population density (OR=2.15; 2.15-2.16), percentage of urban houses with inappropriate sewage system (OR=1.91, 1.91-.1.92) and percentage of inappropriate rural sewage system (OR=1.14, 1.14-1.14) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Rondônia was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014) and higher-risk areas were identified, providing useful information to Official Sanitary Inspection System in order to improve cysticercosis detection. Also, human population density and the lack of appropriate sewage system in urban and rural areas are closely related to bovine cysticercosis occurrence in this state.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina em animais abatidos oriundos do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. A prevalência observada foi de 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014), com maior detecção de cisticercos inviáveis (84,80%). Os municípios de Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia D'Oeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá e Guajará-Mirim apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p<0.05) para a ocorrência da enfermidade quando comparadas ao município de Castanheiras (OR=1). As Regiões Administrativas de Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado D'Oeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná, respectivamente, apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p<0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose nos bovinos abatidos comparadas à Região Administrativa de Ariquemes (OR=1). Algumas variáveis como a densidade populacional humana (OR=2,15; 2,15-2,16), percentual de domicílios urbanos com saneamento inadequado (OR=1,91, 1,91-1,92) e percentual de saneamento rural inadequado (OR=1,14, 1,14-1,14) apresentaram-se como fatores de risco significativos (p<0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina. Conclui-se que a prevalência de cisticercose bovina no Estado de Rondônia foi 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014) e que áreas de maior ocorrência puderam ser identificadas, fornecendo informações a serem utilizadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal para melhorar a detecção dos casos. Ainda, a densidade da população humana e a deficiência de sistemas de tratamento de esgotos urbanos e rurais estão intimamente relacionadas com a ocorrência da cisticercose bovina neste estado.(AU)

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This study focused on assessing the prevalence, geospatial distribution and risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in cattle from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, through the years 2012 to 2015. The prevalence established was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014), with a higher detection of unviable cysticerci (84.80%). The municipalities of Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia D'Oeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá and Guajará-Mirim had higher risk (OR>1; p<0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence compared with the municipality of Castanheiras (OR=1). The Administrative Regions of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado D'Oeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná had higher risk (OR>1; p<0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence in the slaughtered animals than those reared in Ariquemes Administrative Region (OR=1). Some variables such as human population density (OR=2.15; 2.15-2.16), percentage of urban houses with inappropriate sewage system (OR=1.91, 1.91-.1.92) and percentage of inappropriate rural sewage system (OR=1.14, 1.14-1.14) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Rondônia was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014) and higher-risk areas were identified, providing useful information to Official Sanitary Inspection System in order to improve cysticercosis detection. Also, human population density and the lack of appropriate sewage system in urban and rural areas are closely related to bovine cysticercosis occurrence in this state.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina em animais abatidos oriundos do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. A prevalência observada foi de 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014), com maior detecção de cisticercos inviáveis (84,80%). Os municípios de Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia D'Oeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá e Guajará-Mirim apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p<0.05) para a ocorrência da enfermidade quando comparadas ao município de Castanheiras (OR=1). As Regiões Administrativas de Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado D'Oeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná, respectivamente, apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p<0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose nos bovinos abatidos comparadas à Região Administrativa de Ariquemes (OR=1). Algumas variáveis como a densidade populacional humana (OR=2,15; 2,15-2,16), percentual de domicílios urbanos com saneamento inadequado (OR=1,91, 1,91-1,92) e percentual de saneamento rural inadequado (OR=1,14, 1,14-1,14) apresentaram-se como fatores de risco significativos (p<0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina. Conclui-se que a prevalência de cisticercose bovina no Estado de Rondônia foi 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014) e que áreas de maior ocorrência puderam ser identificadas, fornecendo informações a serem utilizadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal para melhorar a detecção dos casos. Ainda, a densidade da população humana e a deficiência de sistemas de tratamento de esgotos urbanos e rurais estão intimamente relacionadas com a ocorrência da cisticercose bovina neste estado.(AU)

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The Taenia saginata-cysticercosis complex is an important zoonosis for public health and an important cause of economical losses for beef supply chain in developing and industrialized countries. Despite some risk factors for high-occurrence areas have already been described, further studies are required to better understand its global epidemiology. So, this study focused on establishing the prevalence, spatial distribution and environmental and human population aspects correlated with bovine cysticercosis prevalence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To this, we used data of 7,415,998 animals slaughtered from all 79 municipalities located in this state. Cysticercosis prevalence showed spatial distribution dependence (Moran Index=0.375, p=0.01) and some areas presented higher risk. Positive correlations of bovine cysticercosis prevalence with human population density (R=0.5712, p=3.85 e-08) and rainfall index (R=0.631, p=0.03) were observed. A negative correlation (R=-0.4637, p=2.096 e-05) with cattle population size was also established. These results highlight the importance of adopting sanitary measures to prevent environment contamination, besides other prophylactic measures like the treatment of human patients in order to reduce the Taenia saginata-cysticercosis complex occurrence.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study focused on assessing the prevalence, geospatial distribution and risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in cattle from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, through the years 2012 to 2015. The prevalence established was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014), with a higher detection of unviable cysticerci (84.80%). The municipalities of Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia DOeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá and Guajará-Mirim had higher risk (OR>1; p 0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence compared with the municipality of Castanheiras (OR=1). The Administrative Regions of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado DOeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná had higher risk (OR>1; p 0.05) for cysticercosis occurrence in the slaughtered animals than those reared in Ariquemes Administrative Region (OR=1). Some variables such as human population density (OR=2.15; 2.15-2.16), percentage of urban houses with inappropriate sewage system (OR=1.91, 1.91-.1.92) and percentage of inappropriate rural sewage system (OR=1.14, 1.14-1.14) were significantly associated (p 0.05) with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Rondônia was 0.014% (95% C.I. 0.013-0.014) and higher-risk areas were identified, providing useful information to Official Sanitary Inspection System in order to improve cysticercosis detection. Also, human population density and the lack of appropriate sewage system in urban and rural areas are closely related to bovine cysticercosis occurrence in this state.

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina em animais abatidos oriundos do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. A prevalência observada foi de 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014), com maior detecção de cisticercos inviáveis (84,80%). Os municípios de Itapuã do Oeste, Candeias do Jamari, Nova Brasilândia DOeste, Pimenteiras do Oeste, Porto Velho, Nova Mamoré, Urupá e Guajará-Mirim apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p 0.05) para a ocorrência da enfermidade quando comparadas ao município de Castanheiras (OR=1). As Regiões Administrativas de Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim, Colorado DOeste, Cacoal, Ji-Paraná, respectivamente, apresentaram maior risco (OR>1; p 0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose nos bovinos abatidos comparadas à Região Administrativa de Ariquemes (OR=1). Algumas variáveis como a densidade populacional humana (OR=2,15; 2,15-2,16), percentual de domicílios urbanos com saneamento inadequado (OR=1,91, 1,91-1,92) e percentual de saneamento rural inadequado (OR=1,14, 1,14-1,14) apresentaram-se como fatores de risco significativos (p 0.05) para a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina. Conclui-se que a prevalência de cisticercose bovina no Estado de Rondônia foi 0,014% (I.C. 95% 0,013-0,014) e que áreas de maior ocorrência puderam ser identificadas, fornecendo informações a serem utilizadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal para melhorar a detecção dos casos. Ainda, a densidade da população humana e a deficiência de sistemas de tratamento de esgotos urbanos e rurais estão intimamente relacionadas com a ocorrência da cisticercose bovina neste estado.

RESUMO

This study focused on estimating the prevalence and evaluating the geospatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. To this, we used data of 6,200,497 animals slaughtered during the years of 2013 and 2014, and from 141 municipalities of the state. The prevalence observed for this period was 0.0873% (95% CI 0.0851-0.0897). Regarding the cysticerci detected, the calcified ones were the most frequent (74.43%). The high odds ratios were observed in animals reared in the Administrative Regions of Sinop, Barra do Garças, Água Boa, Cáceres, Barra do Bugres, Cuiabá, Pontes Lacerda, Rondonópolis, Matupa, São Félix do Araguaia and Lucas do Rio Verde, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate the existence of a relation between the areas with high cysticercosis prevalence and human population density. We highlight the need of the development of a risk model based on the origin to improve cysticercosis detection in endemic areas.

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The climate change expected for the coming years can cause large economic losses and a strong impact on intestinal parasites of ruminants throughout the world. In this sense, organisms belonging to the class trematoda seem to be highly sensitive to any changes in the patterns of temperature and rainfall caused by possible climate change. So, maps were elaborated forecasting current and future risk to Fasciola hepatica in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeast of Brazil, using as a base increases in the temperature ranging from 1°C to 5°C. Environmental and climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, altitude and declivity were used for generation of maps bioclimatic risk of fasciolosis through of the ArcGIS/ArcInfo 10.1 Software. High-risk areas resulted in a total of 35.42% for the current risk and tended to decrease with increases in temperature over the next 100 years, which favored a reduction of 35.42% to 33.84% in these regions. The places included in the of low risk areas showed significant increases in their areas for temperatures up to 5°C with values ranging from 24.65% to 28.26% of their areas. These forecasting models using increases in temperatures in the generation of risk maps to F. hepatica were first made in Brazil and like the others, represented a tendency to aid in policy making animal and human health oriented regions shown to be potentially suitable for the risk of bovine fasciolosis.(AU)

As mudanças climáticas esperadas para os próximos anos podem ocasionar grande impacto sobre as parasitoses intestinais de ruminantes em todo o mundo. Neste sentido, organismos pertencentes à classe Trematoda parecem ser altamente sensíveis a alterações nos padrões de temperatura e precipitação causados por eventuais alterações climáticas. Assim, foram elaborados mapas de previsão de risco atual e futuro para Fasciola hepatica no estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil, utilizando como base o aumentos na temperatura que variaram de 1°C a 5°C. Fatores ambientais e climáticos, como a temperatura, precipitação, a altitude e a declividade foram utilizados para a geração de mapas de risco para fasciolose por meio do programa ArcGIS / ArcInfo 10.1. As áreas de alto risco resultaram em um total de 35,42% para o risco atual e tenderam a diminuir com o aumento da temperatura para os próximos 100 anos, o que favoreceu uma redução de 35,42% para 33,84% nestas regiões. As localidades classificadas em baixo risco apresentaram aumentos significativos de suas áreas para temperaturas de até 5°C, com valores que variaram de 24,65% a 28,26% de suas áreas. Estes modelos de previsões utilizando aumentos nas temperaturas na geração de mapas de risco para F. hepatica foram as primeiras realizadas no Brasil e, assim como as demais, representaram uma tendência para auxílio na elaboração de políticas de sanidade animal voltadas para as regiões que demonstraram ser potencialmente aptas para o risco da fasciolose bovina.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Fasciolosis affects different ruminant species and leads to great economic losses for cattle farmers worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate bovine fasciolosis prevalence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using slaughter maps provided by slaughterhouses and verifying the origin of cattle. METHODS: A map was created based on analysis of epidemiological data. The ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 software was employed in order to elaborate updated bioclimatic maps that displayed the fasciolosis prevalence within the state - per city- between 2009 and 2011. RESULTS: According to the bioclimatic map it was clear that 52.24% of the state's total area comprise regions considered favorable for the development and survival of Fasciola hepatica. According to the data provided by slaughterhouses, the parasite was more frequent in the cities of Atílio Vivácqua, Itapemirim and Anchieta with respective prevalence of 28.41, 25.50 and 24.95%. Although the northern portion of the state is also favorable for the disease maintenance (reaching rates above 90%), several cities presented prevalence of only 0.99 and 1.94% respectively. These findings indicate that climatic and environmental factors only cannot be considered preponderant to fasciolosis occurrence. Regarding the slaughterhouse located in Anchieta city, the higher prevalence was registered in the cities of Jerônimo Monteiro, Alegre and Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, with mean prevalence of 1.21, 1.07 and 2.09% respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the present findings suggest a pattern for the prevalence of fasciolosis, records of the cities for the occurrence of the disease usually do not reflect the true origin of animals.

RESUMO

During 2009 the biggest dengue epidemic to date occurred in Argentina, affecting almost half the country. We studied the spatio-temporal dynamics of the outbreak in the second most populated city of the country, Córdoba city. Confirmed cases and the results of an Aedes aegypti monitoring during the outbreak were geolocated. The imported cases began in January, and the autochthonous in March. Thirty-three percent of the 130 confirmed cases were imported, and occurred mainly at the center of the city. The autochthonous cases were more frequent in the outskirts, specially in the NE and SE. Aedes aegypti infestation showed no difference between neighborhoods with or without autochthonous cases, neither between neighborhoods with autochthonous vs. imported cases. The neighborhoods with imported cases presented higher population densities. The majority of autochthonous cases occurred at ages between 25 and 44 years old. Cases formed a spatio-temporal cluster of up to 20 days and 12km. According to a mathematical model that estimates the required number of days needed for transmission according to daily temperature, the number of cases begun to fall when more than 15.5 days were needed. This may be a coarse estimation of mean mosquito survival in the area, provided that the study area is close to the global distribution limit of the vector, and that cases prevalence was very low.

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Fasciolosis affects different ruminant species and leads to great economic losses for cattle farmers worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate bovine fasciolosis prevalence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using slaughter maps provided by slaughterhouses and verifying the origin of cattle. : A map was created based on analysis of epidemiological data. The ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 software was employed in order to elaborate updated bioclimatic maps that displayed the fasciolosis prevalence within the state – per city– between 2009 and 2011.

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Fasciolosis affects different ruminant species and leads to great economic losses for cattle farmers worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate bovine fasciolosis prevalence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using slaughter maps provided by slaughterhouses and verifying the origin of cattle. : A map was created based on analysis of epidemiological data. The ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 software was employed in order to elaborate updated bioclimatic maps that displayed the fasciolosis prevalence within the state – per city– between 2009 and 2011.

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Fasciolosis affects different ruminant species and leads to great economic losses for cattle farmers worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate bovine fasciolosis prevalence in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using slaughter maps provided by slaughterhouses and verifying the origin of cattle. : A map was created based on analysis of epidemiological data. The ArcGIS/ArcINFO 10.1 software was employed in order to elaborate updated bioclimatic maps that displayed the fasciolosis prevalence within the state per citybetween 2009 and 2011.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The climate change expected for the coming years can cause large economic losses and a strong impact on intestinal parasites of ruminants throughout the world. In this sense, organisms belonging to the class trematoda seem to be highly sensitive to any changes in the patterns of temperature and rainfall caused by possible climate change. So, maps were elaborated forecasting current and future risk to Fasciola hepatica in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeast of Brazil, using as a base increases in the temperature ranging from 1°C to 5°C. Environmental and climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, altitude and declivity were used for generation of maps bioclimatic risk of fasciolosis through of the ArcGIS/ArcInfo 10.1 Software. High-risk areas resulted in a total of 35.42% for the current risk and tended to decrease with increases in temperature over the next 100 years, which favored a reduction of 35.42% to 33.84% in these regions. The places included in the of low risk areas showed significant increases in their areas for temperatures up to 5°C with values ranging from 24.65% to 28.26% of their areas. These forecasting models using increases in temperatures in the generation of risk maps to F. hepatica were first made in Brazil and like the others, represented a tendency to aid in policy making animal and human health oriented regions shown to be potentially suitable for the risk of bovine fasciolosis.

As mudanças climáticas esperadas para os próximos anos podem ocasionar grande impacto sobre as parasitoses intestinais de ruminantes em todo o mundo. Neste sentido, organismos pertencentes à classe Trematoda parecem ser altamente sensíveis a alterações nos padrões de temperatura e precipitação causados por eventuais alterações climáticas. Assim, foram elaborados mapas de previsão de risco atual e futuro para Fasciola hepatica no estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil, utilizando como base o aumentos na temperatura que variaram de 1°C a 5°C. Fatores ambientais e climáticos, como a temperatura, precipitação, a altitude e a declividade foram utilizados para a geração de mapas de risco para fasciolose por meio do programa ArcGIS / ArcInfo 10.1. As áreas de alto risco resultaram em um total de 35,42% para o risco atual e tenderam a diminuir com o aumento da temperatura para os próximos 100 anos, o que favoreceu uma redução de 35,42% para 33,84% nestas regiões. As localidades classificadas em baixo risco apresentaram aumentos significativos de suas áreas para temperaturas de até 5°C, com valores que variaram de 24,65% a 28,26% de suas áreas. Estes modelos de previsões utilizando aumentos nas temperaturas na geração de mapas de risco para F. hepatica foram as primeiras realizadas no Brasil e, assim como as demais, representaram uma tendência para auxílio na elaboração de políticas de sanidade animal voltadas para as regiões que demonstraram ser potencialmente aptas para o risco da fasciolose bovina.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The expansion of the agricultural limits, the industrial development and the increase of populations indexes demanded substantial increases in the production of victuals. These factors took to the growing degradation of the natural resources. The devastation of the areas of forests along the rivers and streams, around the riverhead and tops of hills, in the past, they force its recomposition, for law force, as permanent preservation areas (PPAs). This work had for objective to define the watersheds of the municipal district of Bandeirantes PR, Brazil, to measure the permanent preservation areas, total and existent, along the courses of water, riverhead and top of hills and to identify the conflict use of the soil in these areas. The geographical information system was used SPRING 4.1, image of Landsat ETM+, bands 2, 3, 4 and 5, cartographic base of the IBGE, scale 1:50000 and aerial pictures, scale 1:25000. It was verified that the municipal district presents 8,6% of PPAs with ciliary forest, being 11,38%, referring 8,21% and 5,25% to rivers, streams and riverhead, respectively. Referring PPAs meets of top of hills and in superiors slopes at 100%, they have equivalent area for 24,94 ha and 8,7 ha, however 100% of these areas are without forest. The watersheds that presented smaller index of PPAs was those with better agricultural aptitude.

A expansão das fronteiras agrícolas, o desenvolvimento industrial e o aumento dos índices populacionais demandaram aumentos substanciais na produção de alimentos. Estes fatores levaram à degradação crescente dos recursos naturais. A devastação das áreas de florestas ao longo dos rios e córregos, entorno das nascentes e topos de morros, no passado, obrigam sua recomposição, por força de lei, como áreas de preservação permanente (APP). Este trabalho teve por objetivo delimitar as microbacias do município de Bandeirantes, mensurar as áreas de preservação permanente, total e existentes, ao longo dos cursos dágua, nascentes e topo de morros e identificar o uso conflitivo destas áreas. Utilizou-se o sistema de informação geográfica SPRING 4.1, imagem do Landsat ETM+, bandas 2, 3, 4 e 5, base cartográfica do IBGE, escala 1:50000 e fotografias aéreas, escala 1:25000. Verificou-se que o município apresenta 8,6% das APPs com mata ciliar, sendo 11,38%, 8,21% e 5,25% referentes a rios, córregos e nascentes, respectivamente. As APPS referentes a topo de morros e declividades superiores a 100% têm área equivalente a 24,94 ha e 8,7 ha, no entanto 100% destas áreas encontram-se sem mata. As microbacias que apresentaram menor índice de APP foram aquelas com melhor aptidão agrícola.

RESUMO

The expansion of the agricultural limits, the industrial development and the increase of populations indexes demanded substantial increases in the production of victuals. These factors took to the growing degradation of the natural resources. The devastation of the areas of forests along the rivers and streams, around the riverhead and tops of hills, in the past, they force its recomposition, for law force, as permanent preservation areas (PPAs). This work had for objective to define the watersheds of the municipal district of Bandeirantes PR, Brazil, to measure the permanent preservation areas, total and existent, along the courses of water, riverhead and top of hills and to identify the conflict use of the soil in these areas. The geographical information system was used SPRING 4.1, image of Landsat ETM+, bands 2, 3, 4 and 5, cartographic base of the IBGE, scale 1:50000 and aerial pictures, scale 1:25000. It was verified that the municipal district presents 8,6% of PPAs with ciliary forest, being 11,38%, referring 8,21% and 5,25% to rivers, streams and riverhead, respectively. Referring PPAs meets of top of hills and in superiors slopes at 100%, they have equivalent area for 24,94 ha and 8,7 ha, however 100% of these areas are without forest. The watersheds that presented smaller index of PPAs was those with better agricultural aptitude.   

A expansão das fronteiras agrícolas, o desenvolvimento industrial e o aumento dos índices populacionais demandaram aumentos substanciais na produção de alimentos. Estes fatores levaram à degradação crescente dos recursos naturais. A devastação das áreas de florestas ao longo dos rios e córregos, entorno das nascentes e topos de morros, no passado, obrigam sua recomposição, por força de lei, como áreas de preservação permanente (APP). Este trabalho teve por objetivo delimitar as microbacias do município de Bandeirantes, mensurar as áreas de preservação permanente, total e existentes, ao longo dos cursos dágua, nascentes e topo de morros e identificar o uso conflitivo destas áreas. Utilizou-se o sistema de informação geográfica SPRING 4.1, imagem do Landsat ETM+, bandas 2, 3, 4 e 5, base cartográfica do IBGE, escala 1:50000 e fotografias aéreas, escala 1:25000. Verificou-se que o município apresenta 8,6% das APPs com mata ciliar, sendo 11,38%, 8,21% e 5,25% referentes a rios, córregos e nascentes, respectivamente. As APPS referentes a topo de morros e declividades superiores a 100% têm área equivalente a 24,94 ha e 8,7 ha, no entanto 100% destas áreas encontram-se sem mata. As microbacias que apresentaram menor índice de APP foram aquelas com melhor aptidão agrícola.   

RESUMO

For the agricultural planning of a region, one of the fundamental items is the identification of the installed cultures. The geographic information systems, allied to remote sensing are important tools to the identification and evaluation of the land use. With the objective of identifying the land use of the municipal district of Bandeirantes-PR, it was used the bands 2, 3, 4 and 5 of LANDSAT 7 ETM+, NDVI (reason among bands 4 and 3). The image classification, was accomplished by the classification system supervised for areas, classifier Batha charya, implemented in SPRING 3.6.03, developed by INPE (National Spatial Research Institute) and the colored composition NDVI, 5 and 2 (R,G,B) it contrasts (average: R = 77,72, G = 75,6, B = 50,24). The municipal district land use ponders mainly in annual cultures, pasture and sugar cane, with participation of 27,31%, 20% and 18,31% respectively. The bands composition used was efficient in the determination of the land use, and the division among bands 4 and 3 to obtain NDVI was important, mainly in the areas of more irregular landscape. The geographical information system demonstrated agility and precision in the evaluation of the thematic areas.

Para o planejamento agrícola de uma região, um dos itens fundamentais é a identificação das culturas instaladas. Os sistemas de informações geográficas, aliados a dados de sensores remotos são importantes ferramentas na identificação e avaliação do uso do solo. Com o objetivo de identificar o uso do solo do município de Bandeirantes PR, utilizou-se as bandas 2, 3, 4 e 5 do LANDSAT 7 ETM+, NDVI (razão entre bandas 4 e 3). Para classificação da imagem, utilizou-se o sistema de classificação supervisionado por regiões, classificador Bhatta charya, implementado no SPRING 3.6.03 (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas) desenvolvido pelo INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) e a composição colorida NDVI, 5 e 2 (R,G,B) contraste (média: R = 77,72, G = 75,6, B = 50,24). O uso do solo deste município refere-se principalmente a culturas anuais, pastagens e cana-de-açúcar, com participação de 27,31%, 20% e 18,31% respectivamente. A composição de bandas utilizada foi eficiente na determinação do uso do solo e a divisão entre bandas 4 e 3 para a obtenção do NDVI, foi importante para a detecção deste parâmetro, principalmente nas áreas de relevo mais acentuado. O sistema de informações geográficas demonstrou agilidade e precisão na avaliação das áreas temáticas.

RESUMO

For the agricultural planning of a region, one of the fundamental items is the identification of the installed cultures. The geographic information systems, allied to remote sensing are important tools to the identification and evaluation of the land use. With the objective of identifying the land use of the municipal district of Bandeirantes-PR, it was used the bands 2, 3, 4 and 5 of LANDSAT 7 ETM+, NDVI (reason among bands 4 and 3). The image classification, was accomplished by the classification system supervised for areas, classifier Batha charya, implemented in SPRING 3.6.03, developed by INPE (National Spatial Research Institute) and the colored composition NDVI, 5 and 2 (R,G,B) it contrasts (average: R = 77,72, G = 75,6, B = 50,24). The municipal district land use ponders mainly in annual cultures, pasture and sugar cane, with participation of 27,31%, 20% and 18,31% respectively. The bands composition used was efficient in the determination of the land use, and the division among bands 4 and 3 to obtain NDVI was important, mainly in the areas of more irregular landscape. The geographical information system demonstrated agility and precision in the evaluation of the thematic areas.

Para o planejamento agrícola de uma região, um dos itens fundamentais é a identificação das culturas instaladas. Os sistemas de informações geográficas, aliados a dados de sensores remotos são importantes ferramentas na identificação e avaliação do uso do solo. Com o objetivo de identificar o uso do solo do município de Bandeirantes PR, utilizou-se as bandas 2, 3, 4 e 5 do LANDSAT 7 ETM+, NDVI (razão entre bandas 4 e 3). Para classificação da imagem, utilizou-se o sistema de classificação supervisionado por regiões, classificador Bhatta charya, implementado no SPRING 3.6.03 (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas) desenvolvido pelo INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) e a composição colorida NDVI, 5 e 2 (R,G,B) contraste (média: R = 77,72, G = 75,6, B = 50,24). O uso do solo deste município refere-se principalmente a culturas anuais, pastagens e cana-de-açúcar, com participação de 27,31%, 20% e 18,31% respectivamente. A composição de bandas utilizada foi eficiente na determinação do uso do solo e a divisão entre bandas 4 e 3 para a obtenção do NDVI, foi importante para a detecção deste parâmetro, principalmente nas áreas de relevo mais acentuado. O sistema de informações geográficas demonstrou agilidade e precisão na avaliação das áreas temáticas.