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Peptic ulcers are lesions that affect the gastrointestinal tract and that can be triggered by external factors such as alcohol use. This study investigated the gastroprotective role of two anthocyanidins, malvidin and cyanidin chloride, in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in male and female mice (ovariectomized and supplemented with 17ß-estradiol or not) and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of anthocyanidins in preventing the formation of lesions and to identify the underlying mechanisms, while considering hormonal differences. Moreover, in silico comparative analysis was performed to predict the properties and biological behaviors of the molecules. We observed that the hormonal status did not interfere with the gastroprotective action of malvidin, although antioxidant mechanisms were modulated differently depending on sex. On the other hand, cyanidin showed gastroprotective activity at different doses, demonstrating that, for the same experimental model, there is a need to adjust the effective dose depending on sex. In silico analysis showed that, despite being structurally similar, the interaction with receptors and target proteins in this study (myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) differed between the two molecules, which explains the difference observed in in vivo treatments.
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The pre-operative differential diagnosis of gastric subepithelial lesions is complex. We can find pathologies with a very different behavior. Some of them, like gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors, can present a malignant behavior, and others like schwannomas are practically benign. Schwannomas of the GI tract originate from the Schwann cells of the Auerbach plexus and their most frequent location is the stomach. The definitive diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical analysis of the surgical specimen and its resection is curative. We report two cases of gastric subepithelial lesions with a definitive diagnosis of schwannoma.
El diagnóstico diferencial preoperatorio de las lesiones subepiteliales gástricas es complejo. Podemos encontrar patologías con un comportamiento muy diferente. Algunas de ellas, como los GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumours), pueden presentar un comportamiento maligno, y otras, como los schwannomas, son prácticamente benignas. Los schwannomas del tracto gastrointestinal se originan de las células de Schwann del plexo de Auerbach y su localización más frecuente es el estómago. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante el análisis inmunohistoquímico de la pieza quirúrgica, y su resección es curativa. Reportamos dos casos de lesiones subepiteliales gástricas con diagnóstico definitivo de schwannoma.
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Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal , Neurilemoma , Neoplasias Gástricas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori is the main bacteria associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recent studies have reported that gastric microbiota might be modified by the H. pylori colonization, favoring gastric lesions' development. In Chile, the region of La Araucanía concentrates a high risk of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization, rurality, poverty, and Mapuche ethnicity. Hence, we aimed to identify the culturable gastric microbiota and characterize its variability at different stages of epithelial injury, based on its H. pylori colonization in dyspeptic patients from this Chilean region. Microaerophilic bacteria strains were isolated from antrum biopsies of 155 dyspeptic patients' biopsies and identified using MALDI-TOF MS or 16sRNA gene sequencing for non-pylori species identification, and UreC gene amplification for H. pylori confirmation. We found 48 species from 18 families, mainly belonging to Neisseriaceae (21.3%), Streptococcaceae (20.0%), Actynomicetaceae (9.0%), Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae (4.5%); however, Streptococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families showed a significant reduction in samples infected with H. pylori, along with a considerably lower diversity of species. Our results revealed a microbiota modification due to H. pylori colonization associated with the gastric epithelial state, suggesting a potential microbiota role for developing and progressing gastric diseases.
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BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive intragastric surgery [IGS] was first described by Ohashi in 1995 for early gastric cancer, with 3 trocars placed in the gastric lumen. Prior abdominal surgery is not a contraindication to IGS while the abdominal cavity is not explored, always that exist transilumination. But conversion to laparoscopic and open surgery can be challenging owing to the insufflated stomach and/or small bowel, although gas can be easily released via the gastrostomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old female patient, presented with a sub epithelial gastric antrum lesion confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography managed with surgical endoscopic percutaneous assisted transgastric technique [EPATS] using a gastrostomy tube and the endoscope. DISCUSSION: We have been developing this operation since 2018. Nevertheless, we think EPATS is worthy to master, as PEIGS can salvage the entire stomach of patients with sub epithelial lesions in the lesser curve and in the esophagogastric junction, who otherwise would have to undergo total or proximal gastrectomy. CONCLUSION: We need to perform more cases for future comparative studies with percutaneous endoscopic intragastric surgery [PEIGS] in terms of parameters as pain, inflammation, complications, stenosis, oncological results and cosmesis.
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Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is used in ethnomedicine as cicatrizant and for the treatment of gastric disorders. This study identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of X. americana (XaAE) and evaluated its antiulcerogenic activity. After lyophilization, XaAE was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its antiulcerogenic effect was evaluated in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, acidified ethanol, and indomethacin. Antisecretory action, mucus production and the participation of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and nitric oxide (NO) were also investigated. The chromatographic analysis identified procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin as major compounds. Oral administration of XaAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (76.1%, 77.5% and 100%, respectively), acidified ethanol (44.9%, 80.6% and 94.9%, respectively) and indomethacin (56.4%, 52.7% and 64.9%, respectively). XaAE reduced gastric contents and acidity (51.4% and 67.7%, respectively) but did not alter the production of gastric mucus. The reduction of the -SH and NO groups promoted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) respectively, reduced the gastroprotective effect of XaAE. In conclusion, XaAE has gastroprotective activity mediated in part by -SH, NO and antisecretory activity. This antiulcer action was initially correlated to its major constituents, procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin.
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Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Olacaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Metabolismo Secundário , Animais , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/química , Catequina/química , Catequina/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Etanol/química , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Indometacina/química , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Camundongos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Substâncias Protetoras/isolamento & purificação , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , ÁguaRESUMO
Los anti-iflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) son prescritos como rutina para perros con dolor y inflamación en general. Sin embargo, hay reacciones adversas que culminan en lesiones de mucosas gastrointestinales (GI) que pueden causar hemorragias y incluso perforación. En estos casos, és necesário un tratamiento rápido, eficaz y que no cause daños a la integridad de la mucosa gastrointestinal. Así, el objetivo deste informe és apresentar la eficiencia del uso de Nux vomica en tres casos caninos con lesión gastrointestinal provocado por AINEs. Se concluyó que el uso de la Nux vomica en los casos de lesiones grave GI fue suficiente para cancelar la transfusión de sangre associada a rápida y permanente mejora dos de los tres casos examinados.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) are usually prescribed to dogs with pain and general inflammation. However, there are side effects culminating on gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium lesions, that can cause bleeding and perforations. In these cases, it is necessary an effective and fast treatment that does not injure the GI epithelium. The purpose of this paper is to relate Nux vomica's efficiency on three cases of dogs with GI lesions caused by NSAIDs. It was concluded that the use of Nux vomica on severe GI lesion cases was enough to avoid blood transfusion as well as fast and permanent recovery on two of the three cases.
Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) são comumente prescritos aos cães com dor e inflamação em geral. No entanto, existem reações adversas que culminam em lesões na mucosa gastrointestinal (GI) que podem causar hemorragias e até perfurações. Nesses casos, é preciso um tratamento rápido, eficaz e que não prejudique a integridade da mucosa GI. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é relatar a eficiência do uso da Nux vomica em três casos caninos com lesão na mucosa GI causada por AINEs. Concluiu-se que o uso da Nux vomica em casos de severa lesão no GI foi suficiente para o cancelamento da transfusão sanguínea e melhora permanente e rápida em dois dos três casos relatados.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Strychnos nux-vomica/administração & dosagem , Strychnos nux-vomica/uso terapêutico , Anemia/veterinária , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Medicamento HomeopáticoRESUMO
Los anti-iflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) son prescritos como rutina para perros con dolor y inflamación en general. Sin embargo, hay reacciones adversas que culminan en lesiones de mucosas gastrointestinales (GI) que pueden causar hemorragias y incluso perforación. En estos casos, és necesário un tratamiento rápido, eficaz y que no cause daños a la integridad de la mucosa gastrointestinal. Así, el objetivo deste informe és apresentar la eficiencia del uso de Nux vomica en tres casos caninos con lesión gastrointestinal provocado por AINEs. Se concluyó que el uso de la Nux vomica en los casos de lesiones grave GI fue suficiente para cancelar la transfusión de sangre associada a rápida y permanente mejora dos de los tres casos examinados.(AU)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) are usually prescribed to dogs with pain and general inflammation. However, there are side effects culminating on gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium lesions, that can cause bleeding and perforations. In these cases, it is necessary an effective and fast treatment that does not injure the GI epithelium. The purpose of this paper is to relate Nux vomica's efficiency on three cases of dogs with GI lesions caused by NSAIDs. It was concluded that the use of Nux vomica on severe GI lesion cases was enough to avoid blood transfusion as well as fast and permanent recovery on two of the three cases.(AU)
Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) são comumente prescritos aos cães com dor e inflamação em geral. No entanto, existem reações adversas que culminam em lesões na mucosa gastrointestinal (GI) que podem causar hemorragias e até perfurações. Nesses casos, é preciso um tratamento rápido, eficaz e que não prejudique a integridade da mucosa GI. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é relatar a eficiência do uso da Nux vomica em três casos caninos com lesão na mucosa GI causada por AINEs. Concluiu-se que o uso da Nux vomica em casos de severa lesão no GI foi suficiente para o cancelamento da transfusão sanguínea e melhora permanente e rápida em dois dos três casos relatados.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Strychnos nux-vomica/administração & dosagem , Strychnos nux-vomica/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anemia/veterinária , Medicamento HomeopáticoRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos de alguna de las citocinas más estudiadas en relación con el cáncer gástrico (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-α-308, IL-10-819 e IL-10- 1082) y la presencia de anticuerpos hacia la proteína cagA de Helicobacter pylori con las lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas (gastritis atrófca, metaplasia intestinal y displasia), y 154 controles (gastritis no atrófica), provenientes de hospitales de una zona de riesgo alto y otra de riesgo bajo para cáncer gástrico. Se obtuvieron biopsias gástricas y muestras de sangre; la genotipificación de los polimorfismos se hizo por discriminación alélica usando PCR en tiempo real y por PCR convencional y electroforesis en agarosa (VNTR del intron 2 de IL-1RN); la serología de Helicobacter pylori y Helicobacter pylori cagA se determinó por ELISA. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial en el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El genotipo IL-1B-511TT (odds ratio = 4,05; intervalo de confianza 95% 1,35-12,10) se asoció a metaplasia intestinal; no se observaron otras asociaciones entre los diferentes polimorfismos y las lesiones preneoplásicas. La infección por Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo se asoció a gastritis atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia (OR = 2,66; 13,70; 40,29, respectivamente). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que entre los genotipos proinflamatorios el genotipo IL-1B-511TT estaría asociado a la metaplasia intestinal, y la serología de Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo sería un biomarcador útil para intervenir y prevenir la presencia de lesiones preneoplásicas. Se necesitan otros estudios con población colombiana que evalúen la asociación hallada de IL1B-511 con la metaplasia intestinal.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship of some of the most studied cytokines (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-a-308, IL-10-819, and IL-10-1082) with gastric cancer, as well as the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori cagA IgG antibodies with pre-cancerous lesions in Colombian patients. Materials and methods: A study was conducted on 185 patients with pre-cancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), and 154 controls (non-atrophic gastritis), seen in hospitals in a high risk area, and another in a low risk area, for gastric cancer. Gastric biopsy specimens and blood samples were obtained. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR, conventional PCR, and agarose electrophoresis (VNTR of IL-1RN intron 2). The serology of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori cagA was determined by ELISA. A multinomial logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The IL-1B-511TT genotype was associated with intestinal metaplasia (OR=4.05; 95% CI; 1.35-12.10). No other relationships were observed between the different polymorphisms and preimg/revistas/rcc/cancerous lesions. Infection due to a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA was associated with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (OR=2.66; 13.70; 40.29, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest that, among the pro-inflammatory genotypes, the IL-1B-511TT would be associated with intestinal metaplasia, and that a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA serology could be a useful biomarker for the intervention and prevention of pre-cancerous lesions. Further studies are required in the Colombian population in order to evaluate the relationship found between IL1B-511 and intestinal metaplasia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Helicobacter pylori , Interleucina-10 , Sangue , Imunoglobulina G , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Infecção por Helicobacter pylori provoca gastrite e pode induzir adenocarcinoma gástrico e linfoma tipo MALT em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se existe associação entre infecção por Helicobacter spp. na mucosa gástrica de cães e lesões histológicas, incluindo proliferação epitelial e adesão celular. Foram avaliadas biópsias de 12 cães com distúrbios gástricos e de 25 cães saudáveis. A coloração de Warthin-Starry (WS) e o método de PCR foram utilizados para confirmar a presença de helicobactérias. As espécies de Helicobacter foram determinadas por PCR com primers espécie-específicos para H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii ou H. salomonis, H. felis e H. pylori. As lesões da mucosa foram avaliadas por hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e a proliferação epitelial foi determinada pelos métodos AgNOR e PCNA. A adesão celular foi avaliada por meio da expressão de E-caderina nas células epiteliais. Helicobacter spp. foi confirmado em 75,7% (28/37) e 73,0% (27/37) das amostras por WS e PCR, respectivamente. H. bizzozeronii foi a espécie mais frequentemente detectada (37%); e coinfecção foi observada em seis (22%) cães. As alterações histológicas na lâmina própria foram gastrite crônica discreta, fibrose, degeneração glandular e presença de agregados linfóides. Houve associação significativa entre a infecção por H. heilmannii e a presença de folículos linfóides (p 0,046).
Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis and can induce gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma in humans. The aim of this study was to determine in dogs whether there is an association between Helicobacter spp. infection in gastric mucosa, histological lesions, including epithelial cell proliferation and cell adhesion. Gastric biopsies of 12 dogs with gastric disturbances and 25 healthy dogs were evaluated. Warthin-Starry staining (WS) and PCR assay were performed to confirm the presence of helicobacteria. The Helicobacter species were determined by PCR assay with speciesspecific primers for H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii or H. salomonis, H. felis and H. pylori. Mucosal lesions were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and epithelial proliferation was determined by AgNOR and PCNA methods. Cell adhesion was evaluated by the expression of E-cadherin by epithelial cells. Helicobacter spp. was confirmed in 75.7% (28/37) and 73.0% (27/37) of the samples by WS and PCR, respectively. H. bizzozeronii was the species most frequently detected (37%); co-infection was observed in six (22%) dogs. Histological changes in the lamina propria included mild chronic gastritis, fibrosis, glandular degeneration, and presence of lymphoid aggregates. There was a significant association between H. heilmannii infection and the presence of lymphoid follicles (p 0.046). In this study no
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Infecção por Helicobacter pylori provoca gastrite e pode induzir adenocarcinoma gástrico e linfoma tipo MALT em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se existe associação entre infecção por Helicobacter spp. na mucosa gástrica de cães e lesões histológicas, incluindo proliferação epitelial e adesão celular. Foram avaliadas biópsias de 12 cães com distúrbios gástricos e de 25 cães saudáveis. A coloração de Warthin-Starry (WS) e o método de PCR foram utilizados para confirmar a presença de helicobactérias. As espécies de Helicobacter foram determinadas por PCR com primers espécie-específicos para H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii ou H. salomonis, H. felis e H. pylori. As lesões da mucosa foram avaliadas por hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e a proliferação epitelial foi determinada pelos métodos AgNOR e PCNA. A adesão celular foi avaliada por meio da expressão de E-caderina nas células epiteliais. Helicobacter spp. foi confirmado em 75,7% (28/37) e 73,0% (27/37) das amostras por WS e PCR, respectivamente. H. bizzozeronii foi a espécie mais frequentemente detectada (37%); e coinfecção foi observada em seis (22%) cães. As alterações histológicas na lâmina própria foram gastrite crônica discreta, fibrose, degeneração glandular e presença de agregados linfóides. Houve associação significativa entre a infecção por H. heilmannii e a presença de folículos linfóides (p 0,046).
Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis and can induce gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma in humans. The aim of this study was to determine in dogs whether there is an association between Helicobacter spp. infection in gastric mucosa, histological lesions, including epithelial cell proliferation and cell adhesion. Gastric biopsies of 12 dogs with gastric disturbances and 25 healthy dogs were evaluated. Warthin-Starry staining (WS) and PCR assay were performed to confirm the presence of helicobacteria. The Helicobacter species were determined by PCR assay with speciesspecific primers for H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii or H. salomonis, H. felis and H. pylori. Mucosal lesions were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and epithelial proliferation was determined by AgNOR and PCNA methods. Cell adhesion was evaluated by the expression of E-cadherin by epithelial cells. Helicobacter spp. was confirmed in 75.7% (28/37) and 73.0% (27/37) of the samples by WS and PCR, respectively. H. bizzozeronii was the species most frequently detected (37%); co-infection was observed in six (22%) dogs. Histological changes in the lamina propria included mild chronic gastritis, fibrosis, glandular degeneration, and presence of lymphoid aggregates. There was a significant association between H. heilmannii infection and the presence of lymphoid follicles (p 0.046). In this study no
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Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es la malignidad más común en América del Sur y Asia oriental. En Colombia, aparte del grave problema de mortalidad, una limitante es la escasez de datos de prevalencia de lesiones tempranas y premalignas. Objetivos y métodos: Evaluar la utilidad de la cromoendoscopia sistemática en la prevalencia de de cáncer gástrico temprano y lesión gástrica pre-maligna. Un total de 950 sujetos fueron convocados. 800 sujetos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y finalmente 650 fueron analizados. Resultados: Ninguno de los participantes presentó mucosa gástrica normal. Gastritis antral crónica leve se encontró en 21,8% (142/650) mientras que gastritis antral crónica moderada o severa se encontró en el 77,4% (508/650). Atrofia y metaplasia fue encontrada en 14,5% (94/650) y 15,5% (101/650) respectivamente. Infección por H. Pylori en 7,3%, 79,3% 75,5% 57,4% y 0% de los sujetos con gastritis antral leve, gastritis moderada o severa, atrofia, metaplasia y displasia respectivamente. Lesión gástrica premaligna en 30% (195/650). Dos participantes fueron diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico temprano y tratados curativamente con disección endoscópica de la submucosa. Conclusión: Utilizando cromoendoscopia sistemática esta serie ha demostrado que uno de 325 voluntarios sanos tiene cáncer gástrico temprano, y 1 de cada 33 tiene lesión gástrica premaligna explicando así la alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico avanzado en la región. En voluntarios sanos de Colombia el cáncer gástrico temprano es diagnosticable y curable.
Indroduction: Gastric cancer is the most common maligancy in South America and East Asia. In addition to the high mortality, in Colombia a great disvantage is the lack of data regarding premalignant lesions and early cancer. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of systematic chromoendoscopy in the prevalence of early cancer and gastric premalignant lesions. A total of 950 were invited to participate, 800 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and finally 650 were analyzed. Results: None of participants had normal gastric mucosa. Mild antrum gastritis was found in 21.8% (142/650), meanwhile moderate or severe antrum gastritis in 77.4% (508/650). Atrophy and metaplasia was found in 14.5% (94/650) and 15.5% (101/650) respectively. H Pilory infection was found in 7.3%, 79.3% 75.5% 57.4% y 0% of subjects with mild, moderate and severe, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia respectively. Gastric premalignant lesion was found in 30% (195/650). Two subjects were diagnosed as early gastric cancer and treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with curability as final result. Conclusions: By systematic chromoendoscopy this series has demonstrated that 1/325 healthy volunteers had early gastric cancer and that 1/33 had a premalignant lesion explaining in part the high prevalence of gastric cancer in the region. Bases on this series, gastric cancer is diagnosable and curable among healthy volunteers in Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Endoscopia , Helicobacter pylori , Programas de Rastreamento , Neoplasias GástricasRESUMO
Stomachs from 1085 female and castrated male, 140-150 days of age pigs, were collected and examined at slaughter. Macroscopic analysis revealed 694 (64.0%) stomachs with some degree of lesion. Parakeratosis alone was found in 213 (19.6%) stomachs. However, in 319 (29.4%) stomachs parakeratosis was associated with erosive, or with erosive and ulcerative processes. Discrete superficial erosions, associated or not with ulcers, were identified in 121 (11.2%) animals. Ulcers, alone, were found in 41 (3.8%) stomachs. These lesions were distributed in the fundic area (6.6%) but, mainly, in the pars oesophagea (62.8%) region, suggesting not only that they are independent, but that they may have different causes. Gastroesophageal ulcers and erosions were affecting 22.7% of castrated males, but only 16.5% of females, possible showing a sex linked interference on the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Microscopic analysis did not enhance or brought an additional aid for a better characterization of the macroscopic lesions, indicating that a fair and judicious macroscopic evaluation can be a good and reliable method for the evaluation of gastric lesions in pigs.
Foram colhidos e examinados 1085 estômagos de suínos, machos castrados ou fêmeas, todos com idade entre 140 e 150 dias. As lesões encontradas foram classificadas de acordo com a localização, tipo e severidade. A análise macroscópica revelou que 694 (64%) estômagos apresentavam algum tipo de lesão. A paraqueratose foi identificada como alteração patológica única em 213 (19,6%) estômagos. Em outros 319 (29,4%) estômagos, ela estava associada apenas a processos erosivos ou associada a erosões e úlceras. Erosões isoladas ou associadas a ulcerações foram identificadas em 121 (11,2%) animais, enquanto que úlceras, foram verificadas em 41 (3,8%) animais. A avaliação por regiões, revelou que 62,8% apresentaram lesões na região gastresofágica e apenas 6,6% na região fúndica do órgão. Tais achados sugerem a existência de diferentes causas na etiopatogenia desses dois processos gástricos. A ulceração gastresofágica estava presente em 213 (19,6%) animais, dos quais 22,7% eram machos castrados e 16,5% eram fêmeas, fato que evidencia possível influência do sexo na freqüência dessa patologia em suínos. Os exames microscópicos, realizados em parte das amostras, apenas confirmaram as alterações, já identificadas pelo exame macroscópico. Apenas o exame macroscópico conduz a resultados confiáveis na avaliação de lesões gástricas em suínos.