RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a rare malignant tumor. Laparoscopic technology has revolutionized the reality of surgery. However, whether laparoscopic surgery is suitable for GC has not been clarified. We aimed to analyze the safety, feasibility, and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in GC. METHODS: The medical records of patients with GC treated at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent laparoscopic and open surgery were compared. Propensity score matched analysis was performed to balance the basic characteristics of the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to describe and compare the overall and disease-free survival rates between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients with GC were included. Cholelithiasis was detected in 64 (39.3%) patients. Seventy patients were matched after propensity score matching. The laparoscopic group was significantly better than the open group in terms of operation time (p < 0.001), blood loss (p = 0.002), drain time (p = 0.001), and hospital stay (p < 0.001). After a median follow-up time of 19 (12, 35) months, there was no significant difference in the cumulative overall (p = 0.650) and disease-free (p = 0.663) survival rates between the laparoscopic and open groups according to Kaplan-Meier curves. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery can reduce the operation time and blood loss, and shorten drain time and hospital stay without increasing the incidence of complications. Patients undergoing laparoscopic and open surgery have a similar prognosis. Laparoscopic surgery is worth promoting in patients with GC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Laparoscopia , Humanos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Pontuação de PropensãoRESUMO
Pathological evaluation of gallbladder neoplasia remains a challenge. A significant proportion of cases presents as clinically and grossly inapparent lesions, and grossing protocols are not well established. Among epithelial alterations, pseudo-pyloric gland metaplasia is ubiquitous and of no apparent consequence, whereas goblet cell metaplasia and a foveolar change in surface cells require closer attention. Low-grade dysplasia is difficult to objectively define and appears to be clinically inconsequential by itself; however, extra sampling is required to exclude the possibility of accompanying more significant lesions. For high-grade dysplasia ('high-grade BilIN', also known as 'carcinoma in situ'), a complete sampling is necessary to rule out invasion. Designating in-situ or minimally invasive carcinomas limited to muscularis or above as early gallbladder carcinoma (EGBC) helps to alleviate the major geographical differences (West/East) in the criteria for 'invasiveness' to assign a case to pTis or pT1. Total sampling is crucial in proper diagnosis of such cases. A subset of invasive GBCs (5-10%) arise from the intracholecystic neoplasm (ICN, 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence') category. Approximately two-thirds of ICNs have invasive carcinoma. However, this propensity differs by subtype. True 'pyloric gland adenomas' (> 1 cm) are uncommon and scarcely associated with invasive carcinoma. A distinct subtype of ICN composed of tubular, non-mucinous MUC6+ glands [intracholecystic tubular non-mucinous neoplasm (ICTN)] forms a localised pedunculated polyp. Although it is morphologically complex and high-grade, it appears to be invasion-resistant. Some of the invasive carcinoma types in the gallbladder have been better characterised recently with adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, poorly cohesive and mucinous carcinomas often being more advanced and aggressive.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patologiaRESUMO
Os cistos de colédoco são dilatações congênitas dos ductos biliares, que podem ser extra-hepáticos e/ou intra-hepáticos. Mais prevalentes no sexo feminino e na maioria dos casos diagnosticados até a primeira década de vida. É uma entidade pouco frequente que, quando diagnosticada na população adulta, cursa com uma grande frequência de complicações, devendo-se estar atento em especial ao seu alto risco de malignização. Os autores descrevem o caso de uma paciente de 35 anos, do sexo feminino, que iniciou um quadro de dor abdominal inespecífica, sendo identificado um cisto de colédoco associado ao adenocarcinoma de vesícula biliar.
Choledochal cysts are congenital dilatation of the bile ducts, which can be extrahepatic or intrahepatic. They are more prevalent in women, and in most cases diagnosed until the first decade of life. They are a less common entity that, when diagnosed in the adult population, attends with a high frequency of complications, what makes important to be specially attentive to its high risk of malignant transformation. The authors describe the case of a 35 year-old female patient, who started an unspecific abdominal pain, being identified a choledochal cyst associated to a gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Colecistectomia , Adenocarcinoma , Cisto do Colédoco , Neoplasias da Vesícula BiliarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of the interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is unclear. Inflammatory cells exist in both the tumor immune microenvironment and the host peripheral blood circulatory system. In the current study, we examined the prognostic value of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood in patients with GBC. METHODS: 98 patients with GBC were recruited in this retrospective study. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined tumor-infiltrating CD3+ generic T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, CD45RO+ memory T-cells, and CD15+ neutrophils. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. The relationships between these variables and patient outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Survival analysis revealed that the density of CD3+ cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment was positively correlated with overall survival (OS) and the density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was negatively correlated with the OS. The combined analysis showed that a high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was an independent prognostic factor for GBC. In peripheral blood, survival analysis suggested that ANC and NLR were negatively correlated, while ALC was positively correlated with OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor for gallbladder cancer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the combination of high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates in tumor samples and pretreatment peripheral blood NLR were independent prognostic factors in patients with GBC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/sangue , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
36 casos de cáncer vesicular, 3,6 casos nuevos por año, 75% fueron mujeres. La edad media fue 59,5 años. Los factores de riesgo fueron litiasis vesicular en 87%, obesidad 8%, pólipo vesícula 2% y sin factor de riesgo 3%. Ninguno de los pacientes presento antecedentes patológicos familiares. El 100% los pacientes fueron inicialmente intervenidos en otros servicios quirúrgicos del país y luego fueron remitidos a nuestra institución para mejor tratamiento en dichos servicios. Se realizó colecistectomía simple en 26 casos, colecistectomía parcial en 2 casos, colecistectomía + drenaje externo en 3 de los casos, colecistectomía + biopsia ganglionar en 3 casos, y solo biopsia en 2 casos por enfermedad diseminada. El 14% de los pacientes presentó ictericia + coluria + acolia. La estatificación al ingreso fue un estadio IV b en un 83%, IV a 11 % y III b 6 %. A los resultados de anatomía patológica se pudo constatar que el adenocarcinoma predomino en 82% ante el carcinoma escamoso 12% y mal diferenciado 6%.El tratamiento propuesto por el equipo multidisciplinario ya en nuestra institución fue en 7 casos cirugía, quimioterapia exclusiva en 1 caso, quimioterapia paliativa en 5 pacientes, cuidados paliativos exclusivos en 18 casos. Vale la pena mencionar que 5 pacientes se negaron a tratamiento alguno solicitando el alta voluntaria. Cabe destacar que un paciente de la serie el cual recibió tratamiento quirúrgico (linfadenectomia radical+ resección hepática IV Y V) más quimioterapia y radioterapia adyuvante tuvo una sobrevida de 4 años, el resto de los pacientes ingresaron con mal pronóstico y la sobrevida promedio no fue más de 6 meses.
There were found 36 cases of gallbladder cancer, an average of 3.6 new cases per year, 75% were women. The mean age was 59.5 years (40-80 r). As a major risk factor for gallstone disease found in 87%, 8% obesity, gallbladder polyp 2% without risk factor none 3% of patients presented family medical history associated with this pathology. The 100% patients were initially operated in other surgical services in the country and then were referred to our institution for better treatment in these services simple cholecystectomy was performed in 26 cases partial. Cholecystectomy in 2 cases, cholecystectomy + external drainage in 3 cases, cholecystectomy + lymph node biopsy in 3 cases, only biopsy in 2 cases for disseminated disease. 14% of patients had jaundice, choluria + acholia. The stratification at admission was a stage IV b by 83% to 11% IV and III b 6%. A pathology results it was found that the predominant Adenocarcinoma in 82% to 12% and scamous 6% poorly differentiated carcinoma. The proposed by the multidisciplinary team and in our institution treatment was surgery in 7 cases, exclusive chemotherapy in 1 case, palliative chemotherapy in 5 patients, palliative care exclusive in 18 cases. It is worth mentioning that 5 patients refused any treatment requesting voluntary discharge. Notably, one patient in the series which received surgical treatment (radical hepatic resection + lymphadenectomy IV and V) plus radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy had a survival of 4 years.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colecistectomia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os achados histológicos da vesícula biliar de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia eletiva no Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, São Luís-MA. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 2.008 pacientes, 359 do sexo masculino (17,9 por cento) e 1.649 do sexo feminino (82,1 por cento), com média de idade de 46,3 anos, operados no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 1998. A vesícula biliar, imediatamente após a colecitectoma era aberta e examinada macroscopicamente pelo cirurgião e em seguida enviada para exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de câncer da vesícula biliar foi de 2,3 por cento (46 pacientes). Trinta e três pacientes (71,7 por cento) apresentavam idade superior a 60 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que a colecistectomia profilática eletiva deve ser realizada em pacientes assintomáticos com colelitíase, com idade superior a 60 anos e em boas condições cirúrgicas.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to analyze histological findings of the gallbladders removed during elective cholecystectomy at Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, São Luís, MA. METHOD: From January 1990 to December 1998, 2.008 patients underwent elective cholecystectomy, 359 of them males (17,9 percent) and 1.649 females (82,1 percent), with a mean age of 46,3 years. The gallbladder was oppened and examined by the surgeon and sent to histological examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of gallbladder carcinoma was 2,3 percent (46 patients). Thirty-three patients (71,7 percent) were over 60 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Elective prophylatic cholecystectomy should be performed in asymptomatic patients over 60 years of age with cholelythiasis and good clinical conditions.
RESUMO
The authors present two cases of unsuspected carcinoma of the gallbladder after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which trocar site metastasis developed during their follow-up. In the first case, a 68 year-old woman with cholecystolithiasis underwent an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Histologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma invading the mucosa and muscular layers of the gallbladder. The patient refused additional treatment. Seven months later, metastasis developed in the umbilical port site, which was excised. In the second case, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for a symptomatic gallstone in a 78 year-old man. The gallbladder inspection showed thickenning of the infundibulum wall. Histological examination revealed adenocarcinoma invading serosa. No additional treatment was performed because of the patient's advanced age. A metastasis was identified in the 5 mm port site nine months after the operation. Two hepatic metastasis were also demonstrated by ultrasonography.