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Overfishing constitutes a major threat affecting marine fish population worldwide, including mullet species that have been exploited by fisheries during the reproductive migration in temperate and tropical latitudes for millennia. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of fishing intensity of mullet Mugil liza during its reproductive migration and the abundance of their juveniles in an essential nursery ground for the species in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. To carry out this analysis, we used a 23-year standardized long-term time series (1997-2019) of monthly abundance of M. liza juveniles, local/regional (water temperature, salinity, water transparency and river discharge) and global (ENSO) environmental factors, along with compilations of fishing landing data for the species. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) revealed the negative effect of fishing adult populations on the abundance of juveniles when they reach the marine surf-zone and after recruiting into the estuary. Our results reinforce the importance of adequate conservation and fishery regulation policies to prevent the species' stock from collapsing.

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Resumo Este artigo propõe apresentar algumas reflexões em torno de uma experiência grupal inspirada na estratégia GAM (Gestão Autônoma de Medicação), tendo em vista aproximar a discussão teórica sobre o processo de medicalização social da discussão em relação às possibilidades de reposicionamento do sujeito através de práticas baseadas no recovery. A partir dessa abertura propiciada pela proposta do grupo e que convida as vozes/versões dos participantes a concorrerem com a visão biomédica hegemônica sobre suas condições, almejamos estimular a conversa entre pares e reconhecer os lugares de fala dos participantes, suas influências e possibilidades de resistência diante da identificação de si e de suas experiências a partir da perspectiva de doente mental. Pudemos concluir que grupos inspirados na estratégia GAM podem oferecer espaços potencialmente estimulantes para o sujeito, no sentido de tentar mitigar o papel alienante do diagnóstico e desviá-lo das generalizações oriundas dos espectros da doença mental, estando inseridos em uma proposta de confecção de laço social.

Abstract This article aims to present some reflections on a group experience inspired by the GAM strategy (Gaining Autonomy and Medication Management). Our goal is to bring the theoretical discussion about the process of social medicalization closer to the discussion regarding the possibilities of repositioning the subject through practices based on recovery. Through the group's proposal, which invites the voices and versions of the participants to challenge the hegemonic biomedical view of their conditions, our aim was to stimulate conversation among peers and recognize the participants' positions of speech, their influences, and their possibilities of resistance to identifying themselves and their experiences solely from the perspective of mental illness. We were able to conclude that groups inspired by the GAM strategy can offer potentially stimulating spaces for individuals. These spaces aim to mitigate the alienating role of diagnosis and divert it from the generalizations that often arise within the spectrum of mental illness, instead emphasizing the development of social bonds.

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Estuaries are the main entry areas of mercury to the marine environment and are important to understand the effect of this contaminant on marine organisms, since it accumulates in the sediments becoming available to enter the food trophic chain. This study aims to determine the environmental variables that mainly influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of total mercury accumulation in sediments of tropical estuaries. Sediment samples were collected from interior and exterior areas of the estuary during the dry and rainy seasons, representing the spatiotemporal gradients of the estuary. The grain size, organic matter content (OM), and total mercury concentration (THg) of the sediment samples were determined. In addition, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH of the water column associated with each sediment sample were assessed. The variations in environmental conditions, OM and THg in sediment were in accordance with a gradient which goes from conditions influenced by fresh water in the inner estuary to conditions influenced by sea water in the outer part of the estuary. The OM and THg in sediments presented similar variation patterns; they were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season and in the interior area of the estuary than in the exterior area. Despite the complex dynamic observed in the distribution and accumulation processes of mercury in sediments, these processes could be modeled from OM and salinity parameters. Due to the correlations found, in the process of accumulation of mercury in sediments the OM could represents the pathway of transport and accumulation of THg, and salinity could represent the influence of the hydroclimatic variations and environmental gradients of the estuary.

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Since its initial detection in Brazil in February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 and the associated COVID-19 pandemic have continued to devastate Latin America. Specific comorbidities, as well as sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that may be more prevalent in underserved areas, have been identified as risk factors for COVID-19 infection or associated adverse outcomes. Dynamics of infections and deaths in Latin America have varied by country and temporally, as has SARS-CoV-2 variant prevalence; however, more recently, the Delta and subsequent Omicron variants have become ubiquitous. Successful pandemic responses have involved robust infection mitigation measures, testing, and smart deployment of healthcare resourcing. While in some Latin American countries up to 90% of the population is fully vaccinated (i.e., 2 doses) against COVID-19, other countries have failed to reach the World Health Organization's 70% target. Continued focus on comprehensive surveillance, strategies to maximize vaccine availability and uptake, and mitigation of collateral damage on other aspects of public health and social services are critical for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the COVID-19 experience in Latin America, including epidemiology and vaccination. Key learnings and future considerations for the ongoing pandemic response are also discussed.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dialysis patients are a high-risk population and have a reduced immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to assess the humoral response to homologous Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) and heterologous Sputnik V/mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination in dialysis patients. The vaccination scheme depended on dose availability and the prioritization of risk populations as established by the Argentine Ministry of Health. METHODS: Previous COVID-19 infection was determined in symptomatic patients. Binding IgG antibodies against the spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S-RBD) concentration was assessed between 3 and 16 weeks after the boost dose. Anti-S-RBD antibodies were quantified using the Abbott Diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) on an Architect i2000 SR and an Alinity I analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA). To standardize the results to WHO binding antibody units (BAU), a correction factor for Abbott arbitrary units (AU) was applied where 1 BAU/mL equals 0.142 AU, as previously established by Abbott with the WHO international standard NIBSC 20-136. Following the manufacturer's recommendations, samples were considered reactive for anti-S-RBD when titers were above 50 AU/mL (7.2 BAU/mL). An 80% protective effect (PROT-80) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was assumed when anti-S-RBD titers were 506 BAU/ml or higher. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was classified as mild = 1-2, moderate = 3-4, and severe ≥ 5. Side effects were evaluated until day 7 by patients´ self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred seven participants were enrolled [n = 84 homologous (SpV/SpV), nn 23 heterologous (SpV/Mod)]. Median (IQR) age was 64 (50-75) years old and 79 (73.8%) were male. Additionally, 19 (22.6%) of the SpV/SpV and 4 (17.4%) of the SpV/Mod group had a prior confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.589). In the overall population, 103 patients reached seroconversion (96.3%). Anti-S-RBD IgG median titers (IQR) were higher in the heterologous [1222 (288-5680) BAU/mL] than in the homologous scheme [447 (100-1551) BAU/mL], p = 0.022. In a linear model adjusted for age, gender, days from first vaccination to boost dose and days from the boost dose to the anti-S-RBD IgG determination, previous SARS-COV-2 infection (B: 2062.2; CI95: 1231.8-2892.6; p < 0.001), and SpV/Mod vaccination scheme (B: 1294.6; CI95: 435.58-2147.6; p = 0.003) were independently associated with anti-S-RBD levels. Finally, a higher frequency of adverse effects was associated with the heterologous scheme, although they were well tolerated by all individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that the homologous SpV/SpV and heterologous SpV/Mod schemes showed good efficacy and safety in patients on chronic dialysis. These results could be useful for designing future vaccination strategies, especially aimed at this risk group.

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BACKGROUND: Although there has developed an increased interest in the vaccines BNT1622b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna/NIAID), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca/University of Oxford), there are still few reports describing the immune response induced by different vaccine platforms in real-world settings of low-income countries. Here, we proposed to analyse the humoral immune response elicited by the primary vaccines used in Argentina from July-December 2021. METHODS: Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD IgG and neutralising antibodies were assayed by ELISA in a total of 871 serum samples obtained from 376 volunteers from an educational staff. The individuals were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca/University of Oxford, AZ), Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V, SpV) or combined vaccines (mostly SpV and mRNA-1273, Moderna). The antibody response was analysed several days after the initial vaccination (20, 40, 120 and 180 days). RESULTS: After receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, we detected 93.34% of seroprevalence. Previously SARS-CoV-2 infected showed higher antibody concentrations compared with naïve vaccinees. Six months after the initial vaccination, combined vaccination induced higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels than the other vaccines in naïve volunteers. However, we did not find differences in the neutralising responses after any vaccine from naïve vaccines or between the naïve and previously infected volunteers on day 120 after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Our long-term analysis of volunteers from the educational system provides data in a real-world context, showing the benefits of a boost dose still in previously infected volunteers, and suggesting the advantages of a heterologous prime-boost schedule.

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Introduction: The prediction of potential fishing areas is considered one of the most immediate and practical approaches in fisheries and is an essential technique for decision-making in managing fishery resources. It helps fishermen reduce their fuel costs and the uncertainty of their fish catches; this technique allows to contribute to national and international food security. In this study, we build different combinations of predictive statistical models such as Generalized Linear Models and Generalized Additive Models. Objective: To predict the spatial distribution of PFZs of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus L.) in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Methods: We built different combinations of Generalized Linear Models and Generalized Additive Models to predict the Catch Per Unit Effort of C. hippurus captured from 2002 to 2015 as a function of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea level anomaly, and bathymetry. Results: A Generalized Additive Model with Gaussian error distribution obtained the best performance for predicting PFZs for C. hipurus. Model validation was performed by calculating the Root Mean Square Error through a cross-validation approach. The R2 of this model was 50 %, which was considered suitable for the type of data used. January and March were the months with the highest Catch per Unit Effort values, while November and December showed the lower values. Conclusion: The predicted PFZs of C. hippurus with Generalized Additive Models satisfactorily with the results of previous research, suggesting that our model can be explored as a tool for the assessment, decision making, and sustainable use of this species in the Colombian Pacific Ocean.

Introducción: La predicción de zonas potenciales de pesca se considera uno de los enfoques más inmediatos y efectivos en las pesquerías, es una técnica importante para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de los recursos pesqueros. Ayuda a los pescadores a reducir su costo de combustible y también a disminuir la incertidumbre de sus capturas, esta técnica permite contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria nacional e internacional. En este estudio, se construyeron diferentes combinaciones de modelos estadísticos predictivos como modelos lineales generalizados y modelos aditivos generalizados. Objetivo: predecir la distribución espacial de las zonas potenciales de pesca del pez dorado (Coryphaena hippurus L.) en el Pacífico colombiano. Métodos: La variable de respuesta se expresó en escala de captura por unidad de esfuerzo, es decir, el número de individuos de C. hippurus capturados por un número total de anzuelos disponibles entre 2002 y 2015. Temperatura de la superficie del mar, concentración de clorofila, anomalía del nivel del mar y batimetría, se utilizaron como variables explicativas para los meses de estacionalidad de C. hippurus (noviembre - marzo). Resultados: El modelo con mejor rendimiento para la predicción de zonas potenciales de pesca fue un modelo aditivo generalizado con distribución de error gaussiana y función de enlace de registro, que se seleccionó en función del criterio de información de Akaike, el R2 y la desviación explicada. La validación del modelo se realizó calculando el error cuadrático medio a través de un enfoque de validación cruzada. El ajuste de este modelo fue del 50 %, lo que puede considerarse adecuado para el tipo de datos utilizados. Enero y marzo fueron los meses con mayor captura por unidad de esfuerzo y noviembre-diciembre los meses con menor. Conclusión: Las zonas potenciales de pesca previstas coincidieron satisfactoriamente con investigaciones anteriores, lo que sugiere que nuestro modelo es una herramienta poderosa para la evaluación, toma de decisiones y uso sostenible de los recursos pesqueros de C. hippurus en el Pacífico colombiano.

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The early sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome allowed for a speedy development of effective vaccines against the virus. Nevertheless, age-related immunosenescence, the inability to mount strong immune responses, still represents a major obstacle. Here, in a group of 149 elderly volunteers (70-96 years old), evolution of the humoral immune response over time to Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), a vaccine based on heterologous recombinant adenovirus-26 (Ad26) and adenovirus-5 (Ad5) carrying the Spike genome, was analyzed by an anti-RBD ELISA. At 28 days post vaccination (dpv), a seroconversion rate of 91% was achieved, showing the importance of administering at least two doses of Gam-COVID-Vac to elicit a robust immune response, especially in elderly individuals without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, IgG specific antibodies that reached their highest titers around 28 dpv (median = 740), persisted without significant decrease after 60 dpv (median = 650). After 90 dpv, IgG titers began to drop, and at 180 dpv only 44.7% of the elderly individuals remained with detectable anti-RBD IgG antibodies. No significant differences were observed in specific humoral immune responses between genders at early times point. However, at 60 dpv anti-RBD titers were more persistent in elderly females, and only dropped at 90 dpv (p < 0.0001). As expected, the highest antibodies titers were elicited in the youngest subgroup (70-74 years). Our results show that Gam-COVID-Vac was able to deal with the ageing of the immune system, eliciting a robust immune response in an elderly cohort, which lasted approximately 90 dpv at high levels, and protected against COVID-19.

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This study evaluates the influence of marine and freshwater conditions on the timing of river entry and upstream migration of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in the Grande River of Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia. We analysed the in-river catch-and-release records from a group of fishing lodges that dominate the Grande River fishery during January-April 2008 (n = 5029 fish) as a function of environmental variables: tidal amplitude, stage in the lunar cycle, river discharge, and river water temperature along the homeward migration season. We discuss the value of the daily catch rate as an abundance index in the Grande river, then analyse the temporal structure of the tidal cycle in the Grande River estuary, a macro-tidal environment with a mean tidal amplitude of 5.7 m, and analyse the fit of a generalized additive model to trout catches on a daily basis in four sections along the river to identify the environmental variables that may affect trout abundance throughout the homeward migration. Fish catches in each section of the river were differentially affected by specific environmental variables: tidal amplitude had a positive and significant effect on catches in the lower river sections, whereas water temperature and river discharge significantly affected catches in upper sections (positive effect of temperature; negative effect of discharge). Catches in the lower section clearly reflect the river entry stage of the homeward migration, with a bi-modal shape significantly correlated with the tidal cycle. The first peak was composed mainly of larger multi-sea-winter trout that move upstream, whereas the second one had a wider range of fish lengths, including a large proportion of small and maybe nonreproductive trout that overwinter in the lower river. Based on our results, we conclude that the large tides in the Grande River estuary strongly affect the river entry timing of sea trout. The underlying mechanisms of this effect may be a combination of increased olfactory recognition and increased tidal transport modulated by the seasonal tidal cycle, which operates on trout during coastal migration to produce the pulses observed in the Grande River sea trout run. In the middle and upper sections of the river, where the tidal effect at river entry was dissipated as upstream migration progressed, trout catches increased with water temperature and decreased with river discharge, which may operate through their influence on in-river migration rate and abundance, but also through changes in catchability.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the homologous prime-boost vaccination scheme of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V (SpV)) to its heterologous combination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna (Mod)) vaccine. METHODS: SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S)-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG concentration was assessed three to seven weeks after complete vaccination. Reactogenicity was evaluated by declared side events and medical assistance required until day 7 post boost. RESULTS: Of 190 participants enrolled, 105 received homologous SpV/SpV and the remaining heterologous SpV/Mod vaccination scheme, respectively. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 54 (37-63) years, 132 out of 190 (69.5%) were female, and 46 out of 190 (24.2%) individuals had a prior confirmed COVID-19. Anti-S-RBD IgG median (IQR) titers were significantly higher for SpV/Mod (2511 (1476-3992) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL) than for SpV/SpV (582 (209-1609) BAU/mL; p < 0.001] vaccination scheme. In a linear model adjusted for age, gender, time to the serological assay, and time between doses, SpV/Mod (4.154 (6.585-615.554); p < 0.001] and prior COVID (3.732 (8.641-202.010); p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher anti-S-RBD IgG values. A higher frequency of mild and moderate adverse effects was associated with the heterologous scheme (20 of 85 (23.5%) vs. 13 of 105 (12.4%); p = 0.043 and 27 of 85 (31.8%) vs. 14 of 105 (13.3%); p = 0.002), respectively, although it was well tolerated by all individuals and no medical assistance was required. DISCUSSION: The heterologous SpV/Mod combination against SARS-CoV-2 is well tolerated and significantly increases humoral immune response as compared to the homologous SpV/SpV immunization.

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Marine mammals in subtropical coastal habitats are sentinels of the health of the ecosystem and offer important ecosystem services. They rely on prey that pursues feeding opportunities, while both avoid unfavorable conditions. In many cases, these predator-prey dynamics fluctuate seasonally and are regulated by lunar, tidal, and/or diel cycles (hour). However, these rhythmical patterns may vary under different seasonal conditions. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Ensenada de La Paz in Baja California Sur, Mexico, were detected acoustically over the course of an annual cycle on 21 separate occasions, covering 640 h from June 2017 to May 2019. The presence of bottlenose dolphins was examined using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) including variables that are related directly to their habitat (direct variables: hour, distance, depth) and to their prey (indirect variables: SST, moon phase and tides). Seasonal differences in the presence of bottlenose dolphins were influenced more by indirect variables (explained deviance: 34.8% vs. 37.7%). Hourly acoustic detections occurred less frequently when SST exceeded 27.4 °C (Aug-End of Nov.) and more frequently at moderate temperatures (22.7 °C to 26.3 °C) in May through July. Moreover, bottlenose dolphins were detected more frequently during waning and new moon phases, at the onset of flood and ebb tides, and during day (04:00 to 20:00). The seasonal differences in acoustic detections rates were highlighted by the global GAM and hierarchical clustering. The strong seasonal pattern indicated possible interactions with rhythmic pattern of bottlenose dolphins. Four candidate variables (SST, moon, tide, and hour) were tested for plausible interaction terms additional to their individual consideration, out of which only hour changed significantly between seasons. The patterns of presence likely increase feeding opportunities or may favor other behaviors such as socializing, resting, or nursing. These might prove responsible for the distinct occurrence and hourly patterns of bottlenose dolphins.

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BACKGROUND: Gam-COVID-Vac (SPUTNIK V) has been granted emergency use authorization in 70 nations and has been administered to millions worldwide. However, there are very few peer-reviewed studies describing its effects. Independent reports regarding safety and effectiveness could accelerate the final approval by the WHO. We aimed to study the long-term humoral immune response in naïve and previously infected volunteers who received SPUTNIK V. METHODS: Humoral immune responses, assayed by anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-RBD IgG ELISA and neutralization assays, were measured in 602 healthcare workers at 0, 14, 28, 60 and 180 days after receiving SPUTNIK V between December 2020 and July 2021 in Tucumán, Argentina. FINDINGS: Seroconversion was detected in 97% of individuals after 28 days post-vaccination (dpv) (N = 405). Anti-RBD titers began to decrease after 60 dpv (N = 328), but remained detectable in 94% at 90 dpv (N = 224). At 180 dpv, anti-RDB titers persisted in 31% (N = 146). Previous infection triggered an increased immune response to the first dose and increased neutralization activity against variants of concern (VOC). Second doses in previously infected individuals further increased titers, even 90 dpv (N = 75). Basal antibody titers had more influence on post-vaccination anti-RBD responses than the time elapsed between diagnosis and vaccination (N = 274). INTERPRETATION: Data presented herein provides essential knowledge regarding the kinetics of antibodies induced by SPUTNIK V up to six months after immunization, and suggests that when considering one-dose vaccination policies for individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological studies to determine basal titers may be important, independent of when diagnosis occurred. FUNDING: Tucumán Public Health System (SIPROSA), Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET), National University of Tucumán (UNT).

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The progress of viral diseases such as the new coronavirus (COVID-19) can be influenced not only by social isolation policies, but also by climatic factors. Understanding how these factors affect the progress of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be essential to know the risks each country is facing because of the disease. In this study, we verified the existence of a relationship between the basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2 with different climate variables, while also considering the Global Health Security Index (GHS). We collected data from confirmed cases of COVID-19 along with their respective GHS notes and climate data, from December 31, 2019 to April 13, 2020, for 52 countries. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the effect of temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation index, and GHS score on the spread rate of COVID-19. The countries that showed similarity to each other were grouped into clusters using the Kohonen self-organizing map methodology to investigate the importance of each variable in the dissemination of the disease. The temperature variable presented a linear relationship (p < 0.001) with the R0, with an explained variation of 36.2%, while the relative humidity variable did not present a significant relationship with the R0. The response curve of the solar radiation variable presented a significant nonlinear relationship (p < 0.001) with an explained variation of 32.3%. The GHS index variable, with a significant nonlinear relationship (p < 0.001), presented the largest explanatory response in the control of COVID-19, with an explained variation of 38.4%; further, it was observed that the countries with the largest GHS index scores were less influenced by climate variables.

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BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of climate, socio-economic and demographic factors on the incidence of dengue in regions of the United States and Mexico. We select factors shown to predict dengue at a local level and test whether the association can be generalized to the regional or state level. In addition, we assess how different indicators perform compared to per capita gross domestic product (GDP), an indicator that is commonly used to predict the future distribution of dengue. METHODS: A unique spatial-temporal dataset was created by collating information from a variety of data sources to perform empirical analyses at the regional level. Relevant regions for the analysis were selected based on their receptivity and vulnerability to dengue. A conceptual framework was elaborated to guide variable selection. The relationship between the incidence of dengue and the climate, socio-economic and demographic factors was modelled via a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), which also accounted for the spatial and temporal auto-correlation. RESULTS: The socio-economic indicator (representing household income, education of the labour force, life expectancy at birth, and housing overcrowding), as well as more extensive access to broadband are associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue; by contrast, population growth and inter-regional migration are associated with higher incidence, after taking climate into account. An ageing population is also a predictor of higher incidence, but the relationship is concave and flattens at high rates. The rate of active physicians is associated with higher incidence, most likely because of more accurate reporting. If focusing on Mexico only, results remain broadly similar, however, workforce education was a better predictor of a drop in the incidence of dengue than household income. CONCLUSIONS: Two lessons can be drawn from this study: first, while higher GDP is generally associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue, a more granular analysis reveals that the crucial factors are a rise in education (with fewer jobs in the primary sector) and better access to information or technological infrastructure. Secondly, factors that were shown to have an impact of dengue at the local level are also good predictors at the regional level. These indices may help us better understand factors responsible for the global distribution of dengue and also, given a warming climate, may help us to better predict vulnerable populations on a larger scale.

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The aim of this study consists of investigating the effects of the SO2, PM10, inorganic chemical elements and black carbon (BC) present in fine particulates on the acute outcomes of respiratory diseases in children up to 12 years of age living in Brazilian urban area in the southern hemisphere during the winter (2013) and summer (2013-2014) months. SO2 and PM10 concentration data were obtained from six air quality monitoring stations spatially distributed in the area. PM2.5 samples were collected at the same locations with a MiniVol sampler over a 24-h period on alternating days. The PM2.5 components were analysed using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and reflectance techniques. Hospital care and admission events due to acute respiratory diseases (n = 8,987) of the coded groups JJ00-JJ99 of the International Code of Diseases (ICD-10) were obtained from three hospitals (one public and two private hospitals). To quantify the association of acute respiratory disease events with pollutant concentrations, a generalized additive model (GAM) with a Poisson distribution was applied. The results showed a greater risk of acute respiratory events due to exposure to SO2 with a relative risk of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.22-1.34) and to PM10 with a risk of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09-1.20) on the day of exposure (lag 0). The chemical constituents present in the fine particles with the highest risk for acute respiratory diseases were Si with a risk of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.15-1.29), S with a risk of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06-1.12), Ti with a risk of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01-1.17), BC with a risk of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03-1.11), Se with a risk of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.96-1.10) and Ni with a risk of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.96-1.10).

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Identifying the relative importance of human and environmental drivers on fire occurrence in different regions and scales is critical for a sound fire management. Nevertheless, studies analyzing fire occurrence spatial patterns at multiple scales, covering the regional to national levels at multiple spatial resolutions, both in the fire occurrence drivers and in fire density, are very scarce. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of studies that analyze the spatial stationarity in the relationships of fire occurrence and its drivers at multiple scales. The current study aimed at predicting the spatial patterns of fire occurrence at regional and national levels in Mexico, utilizing geographically weighted regression (GWR) to predict fire density, calculated with two different approaches -regular grid density and kernel density - at spatial resolutions from 5 to 50 km, both in the dependent and in the independent human and environmental candidate variables. A better performance of GWR, both in goodness of fit and residual correlation reduction, was observed for prediction of kernel density as opposed to regular grid density. Our study is, to our best knowledge, the first study utilizing GWR to predict fire kernel density, and the first study to utilize GWR considering multiple scales, both in the dependent and independent variables. GWR models goodness of fit increased with fire kernel density search radius (bandwidths), but saturation in predictive capacity was apparent at 15-20 km for most regions. This suggests that this scale has a good potential for operational use in fire prevention and suppression decision-making as a compromise between predictive capability and spatial detail in fire occurrence predictions. This result might be a consequence of the specific spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Mexico and should be analyzed in future studies replicating this methodology elsewhere.

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O artigo aborda duas questões centrais no desenvolvimento contemporâneo da pesquisa em Saúde Mental: a inclusão dos saberes comunitários, ou da experiência, e a participação direta das pessoas na construção dos conhecimentos. Para isso, analisa a experiência de participação cidadã no projeto que traduziu e adaptou um instrumento que prevê um lugar central aos usuários na tomada de decisões do tratamento farmacológico em psiquiatria, o guia GAM (Gestão Autônoma da Medicação). Mais especificamente, procura-se compreender se a metodologia participativa permite transformar as relações de saber-poder e quais são suas implicações. Nossa conclusão é que, através de uma metodologia científica que inclui e valoriza os sujeitos em suas diferenças, a participação pôde tensionar posições hierárquicas pré-estabelecidas, favorecendo um contexto em que os cidadãos, mais empoderados e autônomos, ampliam a capacidade de atuação nas práticas da rede de pesquisa, contribuindo para a desconstrução de condições sócio-históricas de exclusão.

The article addresses two central issues in the contemporary development of Mental Health research: the inclusion of community knowledge, or experiential knowledge, and the active participation of people in the construction of knowledge. To this end, it analyzes the experience of citizen participation in the project that translated and adapted an instrument that places the individual at the center of the decision making of pharmacological treatment in psychiatry, the GAM (Gaining Autonomy & Medication Management) guide. More specifically, it seeks to understand whether the participatory methodology allows to transform the relations of knowledge-power and what are its implications. Our conclusion is that, through a scientific methodology that includes and values individuals in their differences, participation could change pre-established hierarchical structure, facilitating a context in which the citizens, more empowered and autonomous, have increased their capacity to influence the research practices, contributing to the deconstruction of the socio-historical structure and their situation of exclusion.

El artículo aborda dos cuestiones centrales en el desarrollo contemporáneo de la investigación en salud mental: la inclusión de los saberes comunitarios o de la experiencia, y la participación directa de las personas en la construcción del conocimiento cientifico. Para ello analiza la experiencia de participación ciudadana en el proyecto que tradujo y adaptó un instrumento que prevé un lugar central de los usuarios en la toma de decisiones del tratamiento farmacológico en psiquiatría, o guía GAM (Gestión Autónoma de la Medicación). Mas concretamente trata de comprender si una metodología participativa permite transformar las relaciones entre el saber y el poder y cuáles son sus implicaciones. Nuestra conclusión es que, mediante una metodología científica que incluye y pone en valor a los sujetos y a sus diferencias, la participación puede poner en cuestión posiciones jerárquicas preestablecidas, favoreciendo un contexto en el que los ciudadanos, más empoderados y autónomos, amplían la capacidad de actuación en las practicas de la red de investigación, contribuyendo a la deconstrucción de las condiciones sociohistóricas de la exclusión.

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Neste artigo compartilhamos reverberações de uma experiência formativa na cidade de Santos, em São Paulo, e da articulação de um Observatório Internacional de Práticas de Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM), com vistas à produção de estratégias emancipatórias e libertárias em saúde mental. Nos últimos anos, novas ações de cuidado baseadas no paradigma da Atenção Psicossocial vêm sendo propostas sem, entretanto, serem acompanhadas de forma a evidenciar suas potencialidades e limitações no cotidiano dos serviços. A partir de metodologia participativa e colaborativa, percebemos que a formação para a GAM traz materialidade aos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, possibilitando aos trabalhadores um exercício radical de problematização de aspectos sutis e pouco incorporados em suas práticas, convocando a um percurso a ser feito junto dos usuários. Especificamente, junto a pessoas com problemas com drogas, ressaltamos a inseparabilidade do debate sobre as drogas prescritas e não prescritas, presente nas experimentações e buscas pelo prazer, pelo alívio da dor, pela construção de lugar nas relações de consumo, e pela reinvenção de possíveis. Acreditamos que o Observatório GAM viabilizará a difusão da incidência da GAM sobre as diferentes das práticas manicomiais do contemporâneo, necessariamente, medicalizantes.

In this article, we share reverberations of a formative experience in the city of Santos, in São Paulo, and in the articulation of an International Observatory of Medication Management Practices (GAM), with a view to the production of emancipatory and libertarian statistics in mental health . In recent years, the new care actions adopted in the Psychosocial Care paradigm have been applied without, however, being monitored in order to highlight their potential and the unused permissions in daily services. Based on a participatory and collaborative methodology, it is perceived that the training for GAM brings materiality to the principles of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, allowing workers a radical exercise of problematizing subtle aspects and little incorporated in their practices, summoning a student to be done together of users. Specifically, with people with drug problems, we highlight the inseparability of the debate about prescription and non-prescription drugs, present in experiences and in the search for pleasure, for the wear of pain, for the construction of a place in consumption relationships and for the reinvention of possible ones. We believe that the GAM Observatory enables the dissemination of GAM on the different imposed, medicalizing manicomic practices of the contemporary.

En este artículo, compartimos las reverberaciones de una experiencia formativa en la ciudad de Santos, en São Paulo, y en la articulación de un Observatorio Internacional de Prácticas de Gestión de Medicamentos (GAM), con miras a la producción de estadísticas emancipadoras y libertarias en salud mental. . En los últimos años, las nuevas acciones de atención adoptadas en el paradigma de la Atención Psicosocial se han aplicado sin, sin embargo, ser monitoreadas para resaltar su potencial y los permisos no utilizados en los servicios diarios. Basado en una metodología participativa y colaborativa, se percibe que la capacitación para GAM aporta materialidad a los principios de la Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileña, permitiendo a los trabajadores un ejercicio radical de problematizar aspectos sutiles y poco incorporados en sus prácticas, convocando a un estudiante para que se hagan juntos de usuarios. Específicamente, con personas con problemas de drogas, destacamos la inseparabilidad del debate sobre los medicamentos recetados y no recetados, presente en las experiencias y en la búsqueda del placer, el desgaste del dolor, la construcción de un lugar en las relaciones de consumo y la reinvención de los posibles. Creemos que el Observatorio GAM permite la difusión de GAM en las diferentes prácticas manicómicas medicalizadas impuestas y contemporáneas.

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Este artigo discute uma inovação da pesquisa-intervenção participativa na abordagem da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM): a criação de uma etapa que nomeamos "Pesquisaapoio". Tal etapa se inspirou nos conceitos-ferramenta de Apoio Matricial e Apoio Institucional, instrumentos no campo brasileiro da saúde coletiva voltados à democratização dos serviços, à troca de experiências e saberes entre trabalhadores e à cogestão. A Pesquisaapoio teve objetivos semelhantes no serviço de saúde mental onde se realizou, um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS); contudo, diferentemente daqueles instrumentos, ela inclui em seu dispositivo os usuários dos serviços e seus familiares, ao invés de incluir apenas os trabalhadores. A Pesquisa-apoio permite contribuir com o debate sobre apoio no campo da saúde e ampliar a discussão sobre os dispositivos GAM. Em continuidade com os princípios da GAM, a Pesquisa-apoio permitiu aprofundar a participação dos usuários nos processos cogestivos, reforçando sua parceria com os trabalhadores e expandindo sua autonomia.

This article discusses an innovation of the participative intervention-research in the Autonomous Management of Medication (GAM) approach: the creation of a phase that we call "Support-research". The Support-research was inspired by the concepts/tools of Matrix Support and Institutional Support, instruments in the Brazilian collective health field aiming at democratizing services, sharing experiences and knowledge between workers and promoting co-management. The Support-research had similar objectives in the mental health service where it took place, in a Centre for Psychosocial Attention (CAPS); however, unlike those instruments, it had included users of the service and their family members in the support device. The Support-research contributes to the debate about support in health services and to extend the discussion about GAM devices. In line with GAM principles, the Support-research allowed users to deepen their participation in co-managed processes, strengthen their partnership with workers and expand their autonomy.

Este artículo discute una innovación de la investigación-intervención participativa en el abordaje de la Gestión Autónoma de la Medicación (GAM): la creación de una fase que llamamos "Investigación-apoyo". La Investigación-apoyo se inspiró en los conceptosherramienta de Apoyo Matricial y Apoyo Institucional, instrumentos en el campo brasileño de la salud colectiva dirigidos a la democratización de los servicios, al intercambio de experiencias y saberes entre trabajadores y la cogestión. La Investigación-apoyo tuvo objetivos similares en el servicio de salud mental donde se realizó, un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS); sin embargo, se diferenció de aquellos instrumentos por incluir en su dispositivo a los usuarios de los servicios y sus familiares, en vez de incluir sólo a los trabajadores. La Investigación-apoyo permite contribuir con el debate sobre apoyo en el campo de la salud y ampliar la discusión sobre los dispositivos GAM. En continuidad con los principios de la GAM, la Investigación-apoyo permitió profundizar la participación de los usuarios en los procesos cogestivos, reforzando su asociación con los trabajadores y expandiendo su autonomía.

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O Guia de Gestão Autônoma de Medicação (GAM), originalmente canadense e com versão brasileira publicada em 2012, se configura como um dispositivo que visa a contribuir para que sujeitos em tratamento de saúde se responsabilizem pelo seu próprio cuidado singularizado. Este texto narra pesquisa desenvolvida na cidade de Fortaleza (CE) com a GAM. Buscou-se potencializar esse instrumento para ações de saúde, por meio da composição experimental do Guia GAM, nomeado de GAM@. Uma peculiaridade de nossa experimentação é utilizar a GAM no cuidado de pessoas que fazem uso abusivo e/ou compulsivo de substâncias (drogas), em um CAPS-ad. A pesquisa tem quatro etapas e, neste texto, relatamos as duas primeiras: os estudos preliminares e a composição experimental GAM@. Indicamos como o material foi estruturado, quais os pressupostos teóricos orientaram essa produção e seus conteúdos principais.

The Autonomous Medication Management Guide (GAM) originally Canadian and with Brazilian version published in 2012, is configured as a device that aims to contribute to subjects in health treatment to be responsible for their own unique care. This text narrates research developed in the city of Fortaleza (CE) with GAM. We sought to enhance this instrument for health actions through the experimental composition of the GAM Guide, named GAM@. A peculiarity of our experimentation is to use GAM in the care of people who use substance abuse (or drugs) in a CAPS-ad. The research has four stages and in this text we report on the first two: preliminary studies and the experimental composition GAM@. We indicate how the material was structured, which theoretical assumptions guided this production and its main contents.

La Guía de Administración de Medicamentos Autónomos (GAM), originalmente canadiense y con versión brasileña publicada en 2012, está configurada como un dispositivo que tiene como objetivo contribuir a los sujetos en el tratamiento de salud para que sean responsables de su propio cuidado único. Este texto narra la investigación desarrollada en la ciudad de Fortaleza (CE) con GAM. Buscamos potenciar este instrumento para acciones de salud a través de la composición experimental de la Guía GAM, llamada GAM@. Una peculiaridad de nuestra experimentación es usar GAM en el cuidado de personas que usan abuso de sustancias (o drogas) en un anuncio de CAPS. La investigación tiene cuatro etapas y en este texto informamos sobre las dos primeras: estudios preliminares y la composición experimental GAM@. Indicamos cómo se estructuró el material, qué supuestos teóricos guiaron esta producción y sus principales contenidos.

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