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BACKGROUND: Keratomycosis is a form of infectious keratitis, an infection of the cornea, which is caused by fungi. This disease is a leading cause of ocular morbidity globally with at least 60 % of the affected individuals becoming monocularly blind. OBJECTIVE: This bibliometric analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the existing body of literature, providing insights of the evolution of keratomycosis research by identifying key themes and research gaps. METHODS: This work used the modeling method Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify and interpret scientific information on topics concerning existing categories in a set of documents. The HJ-Biplot method was also used to determine the relationship between the analyzed topics, taking into consideration the years under study. RESULTS: This bibliometric analysis was performed on a total of 2,599 scientific articles published between 1992 and 2022. The five leading countries with more scientific production and citations on keratomycosis were The United States of America, followed by India, China, United Kingdom and Australia. The top five topics studied were Case Reports and Corneal Infections, which exhibited a decreasing trend; followed by Penetrating Keratoplasty and Corneal Surgery, Ocular Effects of Antifungal Drugs, Gene Expression and Inflammatory Response in the Cornea and Patient Data which have been increasing throughout the years. However Filamentous Fungi and Specific Pathogens, and Antifungal Therapies research has been decreasing in trend. CONCLUSION: Additional investigation into innovative antifungal drug therapies is crucial for proactively tackling the potential future resistance to antifungal agents in scientific writing.
Assuntos
Bibliometria , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas , Ceratite , Humanos , Ceratite/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Saúde Global , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Córnea/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis is a severe eye infection that can result in blindness and visual impairment, particularly in developing countries. Fusarium spp. are the primary causative agents of this condition. Diagnosis of Fusarium keratitis (FK) is challenging, and delayed treatment can lead to serious complications. However, there is limited epidemiological data on FK, especially in tropical areas. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological characteristics of FK in a tropical semi-arid region of Brazil. PATIENTS/METHODS: Adult patients with laboratory-confirmed FK diagnosed between October 2019 and March 2022 were evaluated. Fusarium isolates were characterized at molecular level and evaluated regarding antifungal susceptibility. RESULTS: A total of 226 clinical samples from patients suspected of keratitis were evaluated; fungal growth was detected in 50 samples (22.12%); out of which 42 were suggestive of Fusarium spp. (84%). Molecular analysis of a randomly selected set of 27 isolates identified F. solani species complex (n = 14); F. fujikuroi sensu lato (n = 6) and F. dimerum sensu lato (n = 7); a total of 10 haplotypes were identified among the strains. All but one Fusarium strains were inhibited by amphotericin B, natamycin and fluconazole. Most patients were male (71.42%; 30 out of 42), aged from 27 to 73 years old. Trauma was the most important risk factor for FK (40.47%; 17 out of 42). Patients were treated with antifungals, corticoids and antibiotics; keratoplasty and eye enucleation were also performed. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided insights into the characteristics of FK in tropical regions and emphasized the importance of enhanced surveillance and management strategies.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas , Fusariose , Fusarium , Ceratite , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Fusarium/classificação , Masculino , Feminino , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Ceratite/microbiologia , Ceratite/epidemiologia , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fusariose/microbiologia , Fusariose/epidemiologia , Fusariose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Clima Tropical , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Fungal keratitis is a complication of refractive surgery that, if not treated in time, can lead to blindness. Given the lack of effective topical treatments for fungal ulcers, surgical treatment is necessary. The least invasive procedure is a cross-linking pack, although it has limitations when the fungus has penetrated the deep layers of the cornea. In this case report, a patient that presented a typical case of fungal corneal ulcer with hand motion perception, on the fourth day after surgery, is described. Given the nonresponse to topical antifungal treatment, plasma treatment was performed prior to cross-linking. Plasma acts by nonmechanical debridement of the ulcer, reducing the fungal colonies and allowing better penetration of riboflavin. After 6 months, the cornea remained transparent, without haze, and the patient achieved 20/25 vision.
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Objetivo: Investigar a etiologia e o perfil epidemiológico da ceratite fúngica (CF) em um centro de referência no estado de Minas Gerais. Design: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal Métodos: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com ceratite fúngica comprovada laboratorialmente no Hospital São Geraldo/HC-UFMG de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: Foram incluídos 114 pacientes. Destes, 81,6% eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 47,3 anos e 79,2% oriundos de zonas rurais. Em 60% dos casos, a admissão no serviço foi entre os meses de maio a setembro. O principal fator predisponente encontrado foi o trauma ocular, registrado em 59,1% dos pacientes, sendo que, em 41,3% destes, o trauma se deu com material vegetal. Além disso, 40,1% tinham doenças sistêmicas, 15% dos pacientes tinham doenças oculares prévias, 13,2% tinham história de cirurgias oculares anteriores e 2,7 % eram usuários de lente de contato. Ao exame inicial, 56,4% dos pacientes apresentavam acuidade visual (AV) > 2,0 (LogMAR), 37,2% hipópio, 34,6% infiltrado estromal maior que 5 mm e 15% perfuração ocular. Os fungos filamentosos foram os mais prevalentes (103/114 casos; 90,3%), sendo que o Fusarium foi o gênero mais frequente entre os filamentosos (72/103; 70%), seguido de Aspergillus (20/103; 19,4%). Dos fungos leveduriformes, tivemos 11 casos de Candida sp. (9,6%), sendo sete casos de Candida albicans (63,7%), um de Candida parapsilosis (9,1%) e três casos sem identificação da espécie (27,3%). Dos 114 pacientes, 102 (89,5%) receberam tratamento com antifúngico tópico; em 96 (94,1%) olhos foi utilizada pimaricina e, em 50 olhos (49%), anfotericina B. Antifúngico sistêmico foi utilizado por 88/113 pacientes (77,9%). Transplante de córnea terapêutico foi necessário em 54/113 pacientes (47,8%). Houve recidiva no enxerto transplantado em 12 olhos (22,2%), em média 13 dias após o transplante. Complicações oculares da CF foram observadas em 56/111 pacientes (50,5%). O tempo de cicatrização foi em média de 40 dias (mediana: 36,5 dias). Logo após a cura, a AV ficou > 2,0 (LogMAR) em 58 pacientes (61,1%). À análise de regressão logística multivariada, os fatores de risco significativos (p<0,05) para ocorrência de perfuração e/ou necessidade de transplante de córnea terapêutico foram o tamanho do infiltrado corneano > 5 mm na maior extensão e AV inicial (LogMAR) > 2,0. Conclusões: Este é o estudo com o maior número de casos abordando o perfil etiológico e epidemiológico da ceratite fúngica no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A CF foi predominante em homens adultos jovens oriundos de zonas rurais, nos meses de maio a setembro, coincidente com a época de maior atividade agrícola do estado. O principal fator de risco foi o trauma ocular. Fusarium sp. seguido de Aspergillus sp. foram os patógenos predominantes das CF na região estudada. Palavras chave: Ceratite fúngica. Infecção corneana. Epidemiologia. Etiologia. Transplante de córnea.
Objective: To investigate the etiology and epidemiological profile of fungal keratitis (FK) in a referral center in the state of Minas Gerais. Design: Longitudinal retrospective study Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with laboratory-proven fungal keratitis at Hospital São Geraldo/HC-UFMG from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: 114 patients were included. Of these, 81.6% were male, with a mean age of 47.3 years and 79.2% came from rural areas. In 60% of the cases, admission was between the months of May and September. The main predisposing factor was ocular trauma, recorded in 59.1% of the patients, and in 41.3% of these, trauma occurred with vegetable matter. In addition, 40.1% had systemic diseases, 15% had other eye diseases, 13.2% had a history of previous ocular surgeries, and 2.7% were contact lens wearers. At presentation, 56.4% of the patients had visual acuity (VA) > 2.0 (LogMAR), 37.2% had hypopyon, 34.6% displayed stromal infiltrate greater than 5 mm and 15% had ocular perforation. Filamentous fungi were the most prevalent (103/114 cases; 90.3%), with Fusarium being the most frequent genus among filamentous fungi (72/103; 70%), followed by Aspergillus (20/103; 19, 4%). Of the yeast-like fungi, we had 11 cases of Candida sp. (9.6%), being seven cases of Candida albicans (63.7%), one of Candida parapsilosis (9.1%) and three cases without identification of the species (27.3%). Of the 114 patients, 102 (89.5%) received topical antifungal treatment; pimaricin was used in 96 (94.1%) eyes and amphotericin B in 50 eyes (49%). Systemic antifungal was used by 88/113 patients (77.9%). Therapeutic corneal transplantation was required in 54/113 patients (47.8%). There was recurrence of fungal infection in the transplanted graft in 12 eyes (22.2%), at an average of 13 days after transplantation. Ocular complications of CF were observed in 56/111 patients (50.5%). Healing time averaged 40 days (median: 36.5 days). Immediately after healing, VA was > 2.0 (LogMAR) in 58 patients (61.1%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors (p<0.05) for occurrence of perforation and/or need for therapeutic corneal transplantation were corneal infiltrate size > 5 mm at greatest extent and initial AV (LogMAR) > 2.0. Conclusions: This is largest investigation on the etiological and epidemiological profiles of fungal keratitis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. FK was predominant in young adult men from rural areas, most frequently during period of high agricultural activity in the state, with the main risk factor being ocular trauma with vegetable matter. Fusarium sp. followed by Aspergillus sp. were the predominant pathogens implicated in FK in the region studied. Keywords: Fungal keratitis. Corneal infection. Epidemiology. Etiology. Corneal transplant.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Epidemiologia , Transplante de Córnea , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , CeratiteRESUMO
Fungal keratitis is an ocular infection that has no standardized treatment. The etiological agents most frequently reported in the literature are Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. and Curvularia spp., related to injuries and Candida albicans related to contact lens wear. Here we present a case of bilateral fungal keratitis of a few days of evolution with insufficient response to antifungal pharmacological treatment and with early application of cross-linking in both eyes as an adjuvant therapy. A review of the current status of cross-linking for the treatment of corneal infections is presented.
RESUMO
Aim: To evaluate the inhibition of efflux pumps by using promethazine (PMZ) as a strategy to control Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). Materials & methods: The susceptibility of FSSC strains to PMZ and the interaction between PMZ and antifungals were evaluated. The efflux pump activity was confirmed by flow cytometry with rhodamine 6G. Finally, PMZ was tested against FSSC biofilms. Results: PMZ inhibited FSSC planktonic growth and showed synergism with antifungals. PMZ reduced R6G efflux and inhibited cell adhesion, impaired the development of biofilms and disrupted mature biofilms. PMZ-challenged biofilms showed increased sensitivity to amphotericin B. Conclusion: The study provides indirect evidence of the occurrence of efflux pumps in FSSC and opens a perspective for this target in the control of fusariosis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Fúngicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prometazina/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Voriconazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Strategies to enhance corneal penetration of voriconazole (VOR) could improve the treatment of fungal keratitis. Here, we evaluated the use of iontophoresis for ocular VOR delivery from either: (i) a cyclodextrin inclusion complex (CD VOR), (ii) a liposome (LP VOR), and (iii) a chitosan-coated liposome (LP VOR CS). LP VOR CS presented mean diameter of 139.2⯱â¯1.3â¯nm and zeta potential equal toâ¯+â¯3.3⯱â¯1.5â¯mV compared to 134.6⯱â¯1.7 and -8.2⯱â¯3.0â¯mV of LP VOR, which, together with mucin mucoadhesion study, confirmed chitosan-coating. Both drug and liposomal formulations were stable under the influence of an applied electric current. Interestingly, in vitro studies in Candida glabrata culture indicated a decrease in VOR MIC values following iontophoresis (from 0.28 to 0.14⯵g/mL). Iontophoresis enhanced drug penetration into the cornea. After 10â¯min of a 2â¯mA/cm2 applied current, corneal retained amounts were 45.4⯱â¯11.2, 30.4⯱â¯2.1 and 30.6⯱â¯2.9⯵g/cm2 for, respectively, CD VOR, LP VOR, and LP VOR CS. In conclusion, iontophoresis increases drug potency and enhances drug penetration into the cornea, showing potential to be used as "an emergency burst delivery approach".
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candida glabrata/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea/metabolismo , Iontoforese , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Administração Oftálmica , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Candida glabrata/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Quitosana/química , Ciclodextrinas/química , Composição de Medicamentos , Lipídeos/química , Lipossomos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas , Sus scrofa , Distribuição Tecidual , Voriconazol/química , Voriconazol/metabolismoRESUMO
Fusarium keratomycosis is a destructive eye infection that is difficult to treat and produces a poor outcome, which can affect healthy patients. Keratomycoses are rare and can be underdiagnosed, thus, direct microscopic examination and culture are essential for an early specific diagnosis and must be taken into consideration to establish the most effective treatment and avoid severe complications. Herein, we present a case of a healthy patient, who was diagnosed with Fusarium solani keratitis. He developed a corneal infection without an obvious history of trauma, and any comorbidity but with a history of contact with juice of herbs during an indigenous healing practice, which was the most likely cause for the development of the fungal infection. He was treated with intrastromal voriconazole and systemic itraconazole, with a good clinical course, however with sequelae of decreased visual acuity.
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INTRODUCTION: Infectious keratitis of fungal origin mainly affects people in tropical and subtropical countries, and is an important cause of preventable blindness. Topical antifungals, particularly natamycin and voriconazole, are considered effective, but it is not clear which one is the best treatment alternative. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including three studies overall,all of which were randomized trials. We concluded natamycin probably is associated with better visual acuity after infection, and it prevents corneal perforation and/or need to perform therapeutic keratoplasty compared to voriconazole in fungal keratitis.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La queratitis infecciosa de origen fúngico afecta principalmente a personas de países tropicales y subtropicales, y constituye una importante causa de ceguera prevenible. Los antifúngicos tópicos, en particular la natamicina y el voriconazol, se consideran efectivos, pero no está claro cuál de ellos constituye la mejor alternativa de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron tres estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que natamicina probablemente se asocia a mejor agudeza visual tras la infección, y que previene la perforación corneal y/o la necesidad de realizar queratoplastia terapéutica en comparación a voriconazol en queratitis fúngica.
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Natamicina/administração & dosagem , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Bases de Dados Factuais , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Humanos , Ceratite/microbiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Fungal keratitis is recognized as a significant cause of ocular morbidity and blindness especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to present the molecular identification and susceptibility of Fusarium isolates causing fungal keratitis in a university hospital in southern Brazil. The samples were identified using the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase gene (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), while the antifungal susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology. The majority of the isolates belonged to the Fusarium solani species complex (F. solani, F. keratoplasticum and F. falciforme) and Fusarium oxysporum species complex. Antifungal susceptibility has shown that amphotericin B and natamycin were the most effective antifungals across all isolates, followed by voriconazole. Variation among Fusarium complexes in their antifungal sensitivities was observed in our study. The identification of Fusarium species from human samples is important not only from an epidemiological viewpoint, but also for choosing the appropriate antifungal agent for difficult-to-treat Fusarium infections such as keratitis.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/análise , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Fusariose/microbiologia , Fusarium , Ceratite/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética , Feminino , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a rare ocular pathogen. We report a patient with fungal keratitis caused by L. theobromae. The patient was a 75-year-old male, a farmer with diabetes type II, and no previous history of ocular trauma. Histopathology analysis revealed the presence fungi invading Descemet's membrane of the cornea. The fungus was characterized by septate, highly bulged fungal filaments involving full corneal thickness in the corresponding histopathology specimens. A dematiaceous mold was isolated and initally identified as L. theobromae by microscopic and macroscopic morphology, and further confirmed by PCR-based determination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility tests showed sensitivity to amphotericin B (AMB) and voriconazole ( VRC), and resistance to other azoles, including itraconazole (ITC) and fluconazole (FLC). Corneal transplant was performed. Despite in vitro itraconazole resistance, the patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole, topical voriconazole and natamycin, combined with ocular injections of amphotericin B and voriconazole.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/citologia , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Ceratite/microbiologia , Idoso , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascomicetos/genética , Córnea/patologia , Transplante de Córnea , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/cirurgia , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Ceratite/cirurgia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La queratitis infecciosa de origen fúngico afecta principalmente a personas de países tropicales y subtropicales, y constituye una importante causa de ceguera prevenible. Los antifúngicos tópicos, en particular la natamicina y el voriconazol, se consideran efectivos, pero no está claro cuál de ellos constituye la mejor alternativa de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron tres estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que natamicina probablemente se asocia a mejor agudeza visual tras la infección, y que previene la perforación corneal y/o la necesidad de realizar queratoplastia terapéutica en comparación a voriconazol en queratitis fúngica.
INTRODUCTION: Infectious keratitis of fungal origin mainly affects people in tropical and subtropical countries, and is an important cause of preventable blindness. Topical antifungals, particularly natamycin and voriconazole, are considered effective, but it is not clear which one is the best treatment alternative. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including three studies overall,all of which were randomized trials. We concluded natamycin probably is associated with better visual acuity after infection, and it prevents corneal perforation and/or need to perform therapeutic keratoplasty compared to voriconazole in fungal keratitis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Natamicina/administração & dosagem , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Ceratite/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mycotic keratitis by moulds (MKM) is an important cause for corneal blindness and usually carries an unfavorable prognosis. AIMS: This study describes the risk factors and demographic and microbiological features of all MKM cases in Santa Lucía Ophthalmology Hospital during a period of 6 years. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for all MKM cases diagnosed between October 2007 and September 2013. RESULTS: Among 157 diagnosed cases, direct microscopic examination and culture were positive in 97 and 96% of the cases respectively. MKM represents 17% of all microbiologically confirmed corneal abscesses. No significant differences were detected in annual MKM frequencies across the study period, suggesting that MKM incidence remains constant over time. A male-to-female ratio was observed (2.8:1); the most affected age groups ranged from 31 to 40 years old (males) and 61-70 years old (females). The most frequent predisposing factor was trauma (40%) followed by the use of contact lenses (9%), herpetic abscesses (5%) and diabetes (4%). The predominant genera were Fusarium (66%), Aspergillus (10%), Curvularia (6%) and Alternaria (4%). The most frequent agent was Fusarium solani species complex (52%). More than two-thirds of the cases were produced by only 3 species or complexes. However, at least 29 different species were detected in the remaining cases. This is the first report of Pholiota sp. as causative agent of human MKM. CONCLUSIONS: Argentina lacks extensive epidemiological and clinical data on MKM. This six-year study performed in Argentina is a first step leading to a better understanding of MKM epidemiology in our country.
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Fúngicas , Ceratite/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina , Criança , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , Ceratite/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oftalmologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La queratitis micótica es una causa importante de morbilidad y discapacidad visual, especialmente en los países en vía de desarrollo. Se considera una entidad de difícil manejo, con evolución usualmente tórpida, debido a diversos factores, dentro de los cuales destacan la agresividad de la infección, la dificultad para orientar una terapia basada en los resultados de las pruebas microbiológicas, la ausencia de un protocolo terapéutico estandarizado respaldado por estudios con buen nivel de evidencia, que garantice cubrimiento adecuado contra todos los tipos de hongos, disminucíon de la progresión de la infección, y mejoría clínica. Actualmente ante la presencia de casos con evolución tórpida tras el manejo médico se recurre a otras asociaciones en busca de buenos resultados, es ahí donde juega un papel importante el uso de crosslinking corneal como terapia adyuvante en el manejo de casos refractarios o que no tengan una adecuada evolución con la terapia habitual tópica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven de sexo masculino, quien fue tratado exitosamente con una terapia combinada consistente en Voriconazol tópico, sistémico y ante la no adecuada respuesta, se recurrió a un crosslinking corneal, lo cual se encuentra en concordancia con diversos reportes y estudios publicados en la literatura, que sugieren que el Voriconazol combinado con crosslinking corneal, podrían ser considerados una alternativa eficiente en el manejo de casos difíciles o que no tengan buena respuesta a la terapia antimicótica tradicional, teniendo en cuenta que aún hay mucho por investigar en este campo.
Fungal keratitis is an important cause of morbidity and visual disability primarily in developing countries. It is considered as a difficult to manage entity, usually with a torpid progression due to various factors, among these factors are the aggressiveness of the infection, the difficulty for orienting a therapy based on the results of the microbiological tests, the absence of a standardized therapeutic protocol backed by studies with a good level of evidence that guarantees adequate covering against all types of fungus, reduction of the infection progression and clinical improvement. Currently in response to cases with torpid progression after medical management you resort to other combinations in search of good results, this is where the use of corneal crosslinking plays an important role as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of refractory cases or in those cases that don´t have an adequate progress with the habitual topical therapy. We hereby present the case of a male young patient who was successfully treated with a combined therapy consisting of topic Voriconazole, systemic and in the presence of a non-adequate response, we resorted to a corneal crosslinking, which is in line with different reports and studies published in the literature that suggest that the Voriconazole combined with corneal crosslinking might be considered as an effective alternative in the treatment of intractable cases or cases that do not have a good response to the traditional antifungal therapy, bearing in mind that there is still too much research to be done in this field.
Assuntos
Doenças da Córnea , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Oftalmopatias , CeratiteRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do crosslinking (CXL) no tratamento de ceratite infecciosa, resistente ao tratamento clínico, e investigar a relação com o agente etiológico. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 11 pacientes com diagnóstico de ceratite infecciosa de etiologia bacteriana (sete olhos) e fúngica (quatro olhos) na Fundação Altino Ventura (FAV) no período de outubro de 2011 a maio de 2012. Os pacientes incluídos estavam em uso de colírios há pelo menos sete dias e não apresentavam melhora da infecção. Estes foram avaliados antes da realização do CXL e no período pós-operatório até cicatrização da úlcera. Para realização do CXL foram instiladas gotas de riboflavina a 0,1% e dextrano a 20%, a cada cinco minutos em um período de 30 minutos antes do procedimento, e durante a aplicação da luz ultravioleta A (UVA). A córnea foi exposta à UVA com comprimento de onda de 370ηm ± 5ηm e uma irradiância de 3mW/cm2. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com infecção bacteriana obtiveram cura do processo infeccioso após o CXL e nenhum paciente com ceratite fúngica apresentou cicatrização. Observou-se associação significante (p = 0,003) entre o agente etiológico e a cicatrização. CONCLUSÃO: O CXL mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da ceratite bacteriana resistente ao tratamento clínico, evitando a realização de transplante tectônico. Em relação à ceratite fúngica, este procedimento não influenciou na melhora do processo infeccioso.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of corneal crosslinking (CXL) in the treatment of infectious keratitis resistant to medical treatment, and investigate the relation with the CXL outcome to the etiologic agent. METHODS: The study included 11 patients who were diagnosed with bacterial (seven eyes) or fungal keratitis (four eyes) at Altino Ventura Foundation from october 2011 to may 2012. All patients were using antibiotic eye drops for at least 7 days and have had no infection improvement. Patients were evaluated prior to CXL and the postoperative period until healing of the keratitis. For CXL, eyes were first instilled with a solution containing 0.1% riboflavin and 20% dextran for 30 min at a 5-minutes interval. Riboflavin-soaked eyes were then irradiated with UVA light (370ηm ± 5ηm) at 3mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Eyes with bacterial infection exhibited improvement of infectious symptoms after CXL whereas eyes with fungal keratitis showed no improvement. Thus, there was a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.003) between the etiologic agent and the effectiveness of healing. CONCLUSION: CXL was effective in the treatment of bacterial keratitis resistant to clinical treatment, eliminating the need for surgery. However, CXL was not effective in managing fungal keratitis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/uso terapêutico , Úlcera da Córnea/diagnóstico , Úlcera da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Las infecciones oculares por hongos filamentosos han aumentado su incidencia con el pasar de los años. Los traumas corneales, la terapia inmunosupresora y el uso de lentes de contacto han hecho que éstas aumenten su incidencia, pero existe un pequeño porcentaje de paciente que sin ningún factor de riesgo presentan infecciones por estos mohos. En este artículo reportamos dos casos de infección ocular por Fusarium spp. en dos pacientes de 21 y 30 años de edad respectivamente, inmunocompetentes, pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Militares y sin factores de riesgo asociados.
The filamentous fungal eye infections have been increasing in incidence in the last years. Corneal trauma, immunosuppressive therapy and use of contact lenses have increased their incidence, nonetheless a small percentage of patients with no risk factors still present with these mold infections. In this article we report a case of ocular infection by Fusarium spp. in two patients, a 21-year-old and a 30-year-old males. They work with the Military Forces, and were immunocompetent with no risk factors associated to the problem.
As infecções oculares por fungos filamentosos têm aumentado a sua incidência com o passar dos anos. Os traumas da córnea, a terapia imunossupressora e o uso de lentes de contato têm feito que estas aumentem a sua incidência, mas existe uma pequena percentagem de pacientes que semnenhumfator de riscoapresentam infecções por estes bolores. Em este artigo reportamos dois casos de infecção ocular por Fusarium spp. em dois pacientes de 21 e 30 anos de idade respectivamente, imunocompetentes, pertencentes às Forças Militares e semfatores de risco associados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Ceratite , Lesões da Córnea , Fungos , FusariumRESUMO
Keratomycosis in the horse exists in several unique clinical forms. This paper discusses the diagnosis and clinical management of keratomycosis in the horse associated with tear film instability, epithelial keratopathy, subepithelial infiltrates, superficial and deep ulcers, plaques, melting ulcers, descemetoceles, iris prolapse, and stromal abscesses. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment of equine keratomycosis can make a major difference in the maintenance of a cosmetic and visual eye.