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Os dentistas são um grupo de alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças de desordens musculoesqueléticas e tendo em vista que o sistema de produção industrial desenvolve produtos que atendem a maioria da população destra, os estudantes canhotos precisam se adequar a uma formação acadêmica, usando instrumentais, cadeiras odontológicas eoutros objetos projetados para destros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a coletade informações sobre os canhotos nos cursos de Odontologia da cidade de Uberlândia ­Minas Gerais. Foram incluídos todos os alunos canhotos matriculados no ano de 2022 e que estavam cursando ou já cursaram disciplinas com atividades laboratoriais ou clínicas. Questionários foram aplicados para identificação do perfil, das dificuldades, da ergonomia e das dores osteomusculares dos alunos canhotos em suas atividades. Os dados foram em seguida tabulados e passaram por análise estatística. Da quantidade total de alunos das três instituições (n=1.578), foram entrevistados 45 (2,8%) alunos canhotos, sendo a maioria feminina (80%), na qual identificou-se um posicionamento inadequado do operador canhoto quando comparado ao preconizado pela ISO-FDI, além da limitação de movimento na presença de auxiliar (82,2%). Os locais com maior frequência de dor/desconforto foram: pescoço (79%), costas superior esquerda (63%) e inferior esquerda (61%) e punhos/ mãos esquerda (56%). A intensidade da dor variou entre alguma, moderada e bastante. O impedimento de realizar atividades diárias foi relatado por 17% dos alunos (n=7) e destes somente 1 buscou atendimento médico. Não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre instituição pública e privada. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que os canhotos representam minoria dos alunos de Odontologia e apresentam várias regiões de dor/ desconforto devido às adaptações e posturas erradas durante os atendimentos. Apesar de grande parte apresentar dor, poucos tiveram impedimento de atividades rotineiras ou procuraram ajuda médica(AU)

Dentists are a high risk group for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and considering that the industrial production system develops products that serve the majority of the right-handed population, lefthanded students need to adapt to an academic training, using instruments, dental chairs and other objects designed for right-handers. This study aimed to collect information about left-handers in Dentistry courses in the city of Uberlândia - Minas Gerais. All left- handed students enrolled in the year 2022 and who were taking or had taken courses with laboratory or clinical activities were included. Questionnaires were applied to identify the profile, difficulties, ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain of left-handed students in their activities. The data were tabulated and then undergo statistical analysis. Of the total number of students from the three institutions (n=1,578), 45 (2.8%) left-handed students were interviewed, the majority being female (80%), in which an inadequate positioning of the left-handed operator was identified when compared to the recommended one by ISO-FDI, in addition to limitation of movement in the presence of an assistant (82.2%). The places with the highest frequency of pain/discomfort were: neck (79%), upper left back (63%) and lower left back (61%) and left wrists/hands (56%). The intensity of pain varied between some, moderate and a lot. The impediment to carrying out daily activities was reported by 17% of the students (n=7) and of these, only 1 sought medical attention. There was no statistical difference when comparing public and private institutions. In view of the results, it was concluded that left-handers represent a minority of dentistry students and have several regions of pain/discomfort due to adaptations and wrong postures during consultations. Although most of them had pain, few were prevented from performing routine activities or sought medical help(AU)

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There are a variety of inventories available to evaluate human lateral preference, but no previous review has systematically analyzed and compared them. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify these inventories and describe their characteristics (e.g., dimensions, scales, tasks, psychometric properties). We included 26 articles, each presenting a different inventory to assess lateral preference, published between 1900 and 2022, selected from the following databases: PubMed, SportDiscus, APA PsycNET, and Web of Science. These inventories analyzed tasks performed in everyday life (domestic, work-related, sports, and leisure/recreation activities), covering hand, foot, hearing, visual and other non-usual lateral preference dimensions, such as trunk and head. Most inventories classified individuals based on the direction (left, indifferent or right preference) and degree (consistent or moderate) of laterality. However, many of the reviewed inventories lack established psychometric verification in their original publication, such as validity, reliability, responsiveness, and practical applicability. Inventories also presented tasks that may be specific to a given cultural setting, limiting their application across different countries. Based on these findings, we provide a comprehensive guide for researchers to select a lateral preference assessment tool, but also advocate for a new inventory with a broader approach, containing more than one dimension of lateral preference (i.e., not only handedness) and tasks that are common to different cultures to enhance practical applicability worldwide.

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Os indivíduos canhotos necessitam de utensílios para concretização de suas atividades diárias, bem como, para o exercício da prática odontológica onde a escassez de equipamentos específicos pode refletir em desgaste corporal, com isso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os estudantes canhotos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia além de identificar suas dificuldades, queixas e locais de dores osteomusculares nas atividades laboratoriais e clínicas. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os alunos canhotos matriculados no ano de 2021. Foram aplicados questionários on line para coletar os dados dos alunos. Resultados: Foram tabulados e como resultados, encontrou-se que os canhotos representam 5,6% do total de alunos do curso de Odontologia, a maioria são mulheres (66,7%), com média de idade de 21 anos. O segundo período foi o que apresentou maior número de canhotos (25%). As atividades práticas do curso, estas foram cursadas por 91,7% dos entrevistados, que relataram com maior frequência usar a mão esquerda (62,5%), sentar na posição de 1 hora (20,8%) e ter maior dificuldade ao tratar o quadrante superior direito (45,8%). Os locais mais citados de dores osteomusculares após realizar essas atividades, foram: punhos e mãos (62,5%), parte inferior das costas (62,5%) e pescoço (58,3%). Conclusão: Os canhotos representam a minoria dos alunos e suas dificuldades são, a falta de estrutura física adequada e a incompreensão das pessoas ao redor. Em relação a queixa de dor ou desconforto, mãos, punhos, parte inferior das costas e pescoço foram os membros mais citados no estudo(AU)

Left-handed individuals need tools to carry out their daily activities, as well as for the exercise of dental practice where the scarcity of specific equipment can reflect on body wear, with this, the present work aims to identify left-handed students of the course of Dentistry at the Federal University of Uberlândia, in addition to identifying their difficulties, complaints and sites of musculoskeletal pain in laboratory and clinical activities. Methods: All left-handed students enrolled in the year 2021 were included, and three questionnaires were applied online to identify the profile of students and the difficulties encountered in laboratory and clinical practice. Results: They were tabulated and as a result, it was found that left-handers represent 5.6% of the total number of students in the Dentistry course, most of them are women (66.7%), with a mean age of 21 years. The second period was the one with the highest number of left-handers (25%). The practical activities of the course were carried out by 91.7% of the interviewees, who reported more frequently using their left hand (62.5%), sitting in the 1 o'clock position (20.8%) and having greater difficulty when treat the upper right quadrant (45.8%). The most cited sites of musculoskeletal pain after performing these activities were: wrists and hands (62.5%), lower back (62.5%) and neck (58.3%). Conclusion: Lefthanded people represent the minority of students, and their difficulties are the lack of adequate physical structure and the misunderstanding of the people around them. In relation to complaints of pain or discomfort, hands, wrists, lower back and neck were the most cited members in the study(AU)

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Abstract In dentistry, most equipment is designed for right-handed (RH) individuals. Thus, left-handed (LH) individuals are often forced to adapt to demanding RH working conditions, and therefore, experience difficulties in their practice. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of left handedness among dental students at the Dental Clinic of Monastir, Tunisia, and to investigate the difficulties for LH individuals during clinical practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students during the academic year from September 2019 to March 2020. An adaptation of the Grad-Corllet Diagram and a specific questionnaire on clinical practices were administered to 221 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software for descriptive statistics and the chi-square test was performed (with a 5% significance level). The study revealed that 18.1% of dental students were LH. Among which, 82.5% of LH students had difficulties using instruments designed for RH dentists, 47.5% of LH students preferred the 3 o'clock working position, and 77.5% of LH students preferred to work in a sitting position. Most LH students (70%) reported that endodontic treatment was the most difficult procedure to perform. All students, whether RH or LH, presented a higher percentage of pain in the lumbar and neck/cervical regions; however, LH students presented higher values (77.5%) with statistically significant differences being reported for lower back pain (p = 0.026) and neck pain (p = 0.012). This study highlights the difficulties that LH dental students face in performing dental work. Dental Schools should provide LH students with appropriate equipment and a proper learning environment.

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Objetivo: este estudo buscou averiguar a possível discrepância bilateral de indicadores antropométricos de pessoas com e sem síndrome de Down (SD). Material e Método: para tal, contou-se com a participação de 60 indivíduos com e sem síndrome de Down, com idades entre 11 e 14 anos, que foram avaliados quanto à dominância lateral, dobras cutâneas, percentual de gordura, circunferência muscular de braço e antebraço e força de preensão palmar. Principais resultados: notou-se maior número de indivíduos sinistros e com indefinição na lateralidade no grupo com síndrome de Down do que nas pessoas com desenvolvimento típico. Os valores da percentagem de gordura, das medidas de dobra cutânea, da circunferência muscular do braço e da circunferência de antebraço foram maiores entre os participantes com síndrome de Down do que entre os do grupo controle. A força de preensão palmar foi maior nos indivíduos típicos. Não houve diferença na composição corporal bilateral dos indivíduos com síndrome de Down. Conclusão: os resultados encontrados demonstraram a existência de uma simetria bilateral nos indivíduos com e sem síndrome de Down.

Objective: this study sought to investigate the possible discrepancy in the bilateral anthropometric indicators of people with and without Down syndrome (DS). Material and Method: 60 individuals with and without Down syndrome, aged between 11 and 14 years, who were evaluated for lateral dominance, skinfolds, fat percentage, arm and forearm muscle circumference, and hand grip strength. Main results: there were a greater number of sinister individuals with a vagueness in laterality in the group with Down syndrome than in people with typical development. The percentage of fat, skinfold measurements, arm muscle circumference and forearm circumference were higher among participants with Down syndrome than those in the control group. Hand grip strength was greater in typical individuals. There was no difference in the bilateral body composition of individuals with Down syndrome. Conclusion: the results found demonstrated the existence of a bilateral symmetry in individuals with and without Down syndrome.

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Transcultural approaches comparing the distribution of lateral preference between countries focused primarily on handedness. However, other laterality dimensions may also be susceptible to cultural variations. The present study compared lateral preference in five dimensions (hand, foot, trunk, hearing, and visual) of young adults from Brazil and Mozambique. Two hundred and two undergraduate students participated in the study, of which 101 were Brazilian (21.7 ± 1.66 years old) and 101 Mozambican (25.6 ± 6.2 years old). The participants' lateral preference direction and degree were assessed using the global lateral preference inventory. Most Brazilians were classified in the moderate preference category, while Mozambicans had a higher frequency of individuals with strong preferences. Hence, Mozambicans presented a higher lateralization degree for all dimensions. A subsequent analysis considering only preference direction (right, left or indifferent), and not degree, did not show the same outcomes, revealing similarities in preference distribution between the two groups. This finding highlights the necessity to incorporate preference degrees in future analysis to not overlook potential differences. We also conclude lateral preference investigations with transcultural approaches should analyse beyond handedness, as other dimensions can also be modulated by cultural characteristics.

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ABSTRACT: This work aims to verify the effectiveness of the semi-adjustable articulator (SAA) when compared to a clinical examination of samples in individuals comparing the number of occlusal interferences. The research was carried out at FAESA (Integrated University of São Pedro), in which two independent researchers compared occlusal interferences in protrusion and laterality movements in the clinical examination and in models mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator, with carbon from Baush, in 77 patients who attended to the graduation clinic. Data were tabulated and evaluated by the Mann- Whitney statistical test and data normality was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. When analyzing the interference of protrusion on central incisors, it was found that the mean was higher for the SAA on clinical examination. As for the right laterality in the canine guides, it was observed that the clinical examination had a higher interference average in relation to the SAA. The same was true for left laterality, where the mean interference was also higher for the clinical examination. That is, by increasing the values of occlusions in the SAA, the values of occlusions in the clinical examination also increase. As central incisor protrusions between the SAA and clinical examination were moderately positive, there was a strong positive relationship for the right sides and a moderate positive relationship for the left sides. It is concluded that a semi-adjustable articulator is an effective tool for the diagnosis and planning of the dentist, due to its ability to simulate mandibular movements. However, such a tool requires prior knowledge for an ideal assembly for treatment success.

RESUMEN: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar la efectividad del articulador semi-ajustable (SAA) cuando se compara con un examen clínico de muestras en individuos de acuerdo al número de interferencias oclusales. La investigación se llevó a cabo en FAESA (Universidad Integrada de São Pedro), en la que dos investigadores independientes compararon las interferencias oclusales en los movimientos de protrusión y lateralidad en el examen clínico y en modelos montados en un articulador semiajustable, con carbón de Baush, en 77 pacientes que acudieron a la clínica de graduación. Los datos se tabularon y evaluaron mediante la prueba estadística de Mann-Whitney y la normalidad de los datos se verificó mediante la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Al analizar la interferencia de la protrusión en los incisivos centrales, se encontró que la media era mayor para el SAA en el examen clínico. En cuanto a la lateralidad derecha en las guías caninas, se observó que el examen clínico tuvo un promedio de interferencia más alto en relación al SAA. Lo mismo ocurrió con la lateralidad izquierda, donde la interferencia media también fue mayor para el examen clínico. Es decir, al aumentar los valores de oclusiones en el SAA, también aumentan los valores de oclusiones en el examen clínico. Como las protuberancias de los incisivos centrales entre el SAA y el examen clínico fueron moderadamente positivas, hubo una fuerte relación positiva para los lados derechos y una relación positiva moderada para los lados izquierdos. Se concluye que un articulador semi-ajustable es una herramienta eficaz para el diagnóstico y planificación del odontólogo, debido a su capacidad para simular movimientos mandibulares. Sin embargo, tal herramienta requiere conocimientos previos para un montaje ideal para el éxito del tratamiento.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar dados normativos para o TFMJT para a população brasileira. Participaram do estudo 360 pessoas, entre 06 e 49 anos, divididas em seis grupos por faixa etária, sendo 178 do sexo masculino e 182 do sexo feminino. Os dados foram apresentados separadamente para as diferentes faixas etárias, para sexo masculino e feminino. Os valores referentes às médias e ao desvio padrão foram calculados para cada uma das sete tarefas, considerando mão dominante e mão não dominante. Observou-se desempenho superior para mão dominante, com diferença significante para a soma das sete tarefas, em ambos os sexos (p=0,001). Os resultados obtidos poderão servir de parâmetros de referência para a população brasileira e contribuir para avaliações quantitativas do desempenho manual em programas de avaliação ou reabilitação do membro superior.

The aim of this study was to present normative data for the JTHF for the Brazilian population. Participated 360 individuals between 06 and 49 years old, divided into six groups by age, being 178 males and 182 females. The data were presented separately for the different age groups, for men and women. Values for means and standard deviation were calculated for each of the seven tasks, considering dominant and non-dominant hands. Superior performance was observed for the dominant hand, with a significant difference for the sum of the seven tasks, in both sexes (p = 0.001). The results obtained is a reference parameter for the Brazilian population and contribute to quantitative assessments of manual performance in programs of assessment or rehabilitation of the upper limb.

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OBJECTIVES: Crossed cerebro-cerebellar BOLD activations have recently come to light as additional diagnostic features for patients with brain tumors. The covert verb generation (VG) task is a widely used language paradigm to determine these language-related crossed activations. Here we demonstrate these crossed activations in two additional language paradigms, the semantic and phonological association tasks. We propose the merit of these tasks to language lateralization determination in the clinic as they are easy to monitor and suitable for patients with aphasia. METHODS: Patients with brain tumors localized at different cortical sites (n = 71) performed three language paradigms, namely the VG task as well as the semantic (SA) and phonological (PA) association tasks with button-press responses. Respective language activations in disparate cortical regions and the cerebellum were assigned laterality. Agreements in laterality between the two new tasks and the verb generation task were tested using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: Both tasks significantly agreed in cortical and cerebellar lateralization with the verb generation task in patients. Additionally, a McNemar test confirmed the presence of crossed activations in the cortex and the cerebellum in the entire subject population. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the semantic and phonological association tasks resulted in crossed cerebro-cerebellar language lateralization activations as those observed due to the covert verb generation task. This may suggest the possibility of these tasks being used conjointly with the traditional verb generation task, especially for subjects that may be unable to perform the latter. KEY POINTS: • The semantic and phonological association tasks can be useful as additional presurgical fMRI language lateralization paradigms for brain tumor patients along with the standard verb generation task. • All three tasks also confirm the presence of crossed cerebro-cerebellar language activations in the current subject population.

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Background: The crossed cerebro-cerebellar (CCC) activation facilitates the diagnosis of cortical language lateralization, but needs to be explored with language tasks suitable for patients with different age ranges, educational attainment and eventual presence of language deficits. Aim: To determine the effect of demographic variables in the performance of three language tasks in healthy volunteers and to determine the CCC activation of these tasks as a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in brain tumor patients. Material and Methods: The behavioral performance (correct responses and reaction time) of three language tasks (verbal fluency, semantic and phonological decision tasks) was first examined in 76 healthy volunteers balanced by age and educational level. Later, these tasks were implemented as fMRI paradigms to explore CCC language activation of 20 patients with potential diagnosis of brain tumors. Results: The performance of the verbal fluency task was affected by age. The CCC language activation was reproducible with the semantic and phonological tasks. The combination of the tasks determined typical and atypical language lateralization in 60% and 40% of our patients, respectively. Conclusions: The verbal fluency task must be implemented with care as a clinical fMRI paradigm. Our results suggest that semantic and phonological tasks can be a good alternative for brain tumor patients with language deficits.

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RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye un problema de salud pública. Esta entidad representa una importante causa de discapacidad permanente en el adulto, además de tener impacto social, económico y sanitario. Los altos costos que demanda la atención sanitaria desde su momento diagnóstico, el manejo inicial del evento y la posterior rehabilitación-paliación de las secuelas, obligan al conocimiento de características del individuo y factores pronósticos. Esto como insumo de planificación de servicios de prevención para personas en riesgo y atención de pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular. OBJETIVO: Identificar el papel pronóstico que tienen algunos factores asociados con la lesión isquémica, con respecto al grado de discapacidad y mortalidad en el infarto cerebral de la circulación anterior. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional analítico, prospectivo de cohorte, con un análisis anidado de casos y controles. Se identificó la escala del National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) para determinar el compromiso neurológico al ingreso. A los tres meses del evento, se obtuvo la escala Rankin modificado (mRS, variable dependiente) en busca de discapacidad residual y mortalidad; se consideraron casos los mRS desfavorables (puntajes: 3, 4, 5 y 6), y controles los mRS favorables (puntajes: 0, 1, 2). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 93 pacientes con ACV-i de circulación anterior; la mediana para la edad fue 67 años RIC (57-76); el NIHSS más frecuente fue moderado (50 pacientes, 53,8 %) y la mediana de tiempo transcurrido para el inicio de manejo médico fue de 5 horas RIC (3-24 horas). La identificación de la etiología del ACVi fue posible en 33 pacientes (35,5 %, más frecuente el cardioembólico). Luego de 90 días del ACVi, la clasificación mRS más frecuente fue de tres puntos "moderado" (22 pacientes, 23,7 %) y la mortalidad fue de siete pacientes (7,5 %). En el análisis bivariado la ubicación del infarto en el hemisferio izquierdo fue una variable desfavorable en términos de discapacidad a los tres meses en comparación con el hemisferio derecho (OR: 2,51; IC 95 %: 1,06 - 5,9; p = 0,03). CONCLUSIONES: La población de estudio fue predominantemente de sexo masculino, con una limitación funcional moderada (NIHSS 5-15) al ingreso a urgencias. Tres meses después del evento, la mayoría de los pacientes cursó con movilidad reducida, algún compromiso de las funciones mentales, pero esencialmente independientes en su vida diaria. La lesión del hemisferio izquierdo se comportó como un factor de mal pronóstico en la recuperación funcional de los pacientes.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease constitutes a public health problem. This entity represents an important cause of permanent disability in adults, social, economic and health impact as well. The high costs demanded by health care from the moment of diagnosis, initial management of the event, and subsequent rehabilitation-palliation of the sequelae, requires knowledge of population characteristics and possible prognostic factors. This can be useful as an input for planning prevention services for people at risk and care of stroke patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prognostic role that some factors associated with the ischemic lesion have regarding the degree of disability and mortality, in the cerebral infarction of the anterior circulation. Methods: Observational, analytical, prospective cohort study was performed, with a nested case-control analysis. Neurological involvement was measured at admission with the NIHSS scale. At three months post-event, the modified Rankin scale (mRS: dependent variable) was measured, pursuing residual disability and mortality; cases: patient with unfavorable mRS score (score: 3, 4, 5, 6); controls: patient with favorable mRS score (score: 0, 1, 2). RESULTS: 93 patients with diagnosis of ischemic stroke of anterior circulation were included. Median age was 67 years RIQ (57-76); most frequent NIHSS was moderate (50; 53.8 %) and the median evolution time to medical management was 5 hours RIQ (3-24 hours). Etiology was identified in 33 patients (35.5 %, cardio-embolic the most). After 90 days since ischemic injury, most frequent mRS was "3: moderate" (22; 23.7 %) and 7 (7.5 %) patients died. Bivariate analysis identified left hemisphere stroke as an unfavorable variable in terms of disability at three months compared to the right hemisphere (OR 2.51, 95 % CI 1.06-5.9, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The population with ischemic stroke was predominantly males with multiple comorbidities, with a moderate neurological compromise on admission (NIHSS score: 5-15). After three months post event, patients were predominantly with reduced mobility, some mental functions affection, but essentially independent in activities of daily living. The involvement of left hemisphere is projected as poor prognostic factor in the functional recovery of our patients.

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Handedness ontogenesis is still under debate in science. This systematic review analyzed articles regarding the theories and basis of handedness formation, highlighting the historical knowledge path that this literature underwent. Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Sciences, Science Direct and PubMed databases were searched. This review included review studies with handedness as the main topic. Only papers written in English with analyses exclusively in neurotypical humans (any age range) were included. Different approaches (genetic, neural, social, and behavioural) were reviewed in light of growing evidence, summarizing the current state of the art. Genetic and environmental/social impacts are common points in most of the reviews, each given more or less importance, depending on the author and theory proposed. Multifactorial, developmental approaches to handedness formation seem to be the most up to date view of the phenomenon. Different control mechanisms between hemisphere and neural asymmetries are also contributing factors to handedness formation.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: en Cuba los sillones estomatológicos están diseñados para los diestros, por lo que los estudiantes zurdos (los cuales han aumentado en número en la provincia de Cienfuegos) deben cambiar su lateralidad sin tener en cuenta su dominancia cerebral, lo cual podría afectar su desempeño, pues la práctica estomatológica depende en gran medida de las habilidades manuales. Objetivo: determinar alteraciones debido a la lateralidad forzada en estudiantes y profesionales zurdos de Estomatología. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en la provincia de Cienfuegos en el periodo comprendido septiembre de 2017 hasta junio del 2018. Fueron incluidos 49 zurdos (17 estudiantes de 4to y 5to año y 32 graduados) Las variables fueron: sexo, lateralidad, habilidades prácticas, alteraciones por lateralidad forzada, especialidades estomatológicas, años de trabajo. Resultados: 55,10 % fueron del sexo femenino; el 55,10 % manifestó lateralidad cruzada; 100 % percibió la mejoría de sus habilidades prácticas en el 8vo semestre. Entre las alteraciones se encontraron el dolor muscular (69,38 %) principalmente en la mano, región cervical y espalda, de ellos, 51,02 % son Estomatólogos Generales Integrales. Los dolores aumentaron con los años de trabajo, además de sentimientos de inseguridad (79,60 %), ansiedad (89,80 %), y miedo (91,84 %). El 34,69 % no presentó ningún síntoma doloroso, de ellos 20, 40 % hombres. Estuvieron vinculados a las especialidades de ortodoncia, cirugía maxilofacial, prótesis, administrativos y docentes. Conclusiones: la lateralidad forzada influyó en la adquisición de las habilidades prácticas, así como en el desarrollo de alteraciones en estudiantes y profesionales de la estomatología.

ABSTRACT Foundation: in Cuba, dental chairs are designed for right-handed, so left-handed students (who have increased by number in the province of Cienfuegos) should change their laterality without taking into account yjeir brain dominance, which could affect their performance, as dental practice depends largely on manual skills. Objective: to determine alterations due to forced laterality in left-handed students and dentistry professionals. Methods: retrospective descriptive study conducted in the Cienfuegos province in the period from September 2017 to June 2018. A number of 49 left-handers were included (17 students of 4th and 5th year and 32 graduates) The variables were: sex, laterality, practical skills, alterations due to forced laterality, dental specialties, years of work. Results: 55.10% were female; 55.10% reported cross laterality; 100% perceived the improvement of their skill practices in the 8th semester. Among the alterations were muscle pain (69.38%) mainly in the hand, cervical region and back, out of them, 51.02% are Comprehensive General Dentists. Pains increased with years of work, in addition feelings of insecurity (79.60%), anxiety (89.80%), and fear (91.84%). A 34.69% did not show any painful symptoms, from them 20, 40% men. They were from orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, prostheses, administrative and professors.

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Abstract Dyslexia is a problem of increasing prevalence in school-age students. The latest experiences in the application of neuropsychology to education are interesting because they allow for the evaluation of different neuropsychological variables to obtain a better understanding of the learning processes of students in this population for specific subsequent interventions. The purpose of this study was to explore the following neuropsychological variables related to reading in adolescent students with and without dyslexia. The sample consisted of 60 students between 13 and 15 years of age, 30 with dyslexia and 30 without. The King Devick test was used to assess the saccadic eye movements, specifically the fast and automated denomination of digits; the Harris laterality test was used to evaluate functional laterality, and the ENFEN test for executive functions. The results revealed significant differences between the two groups. Students with dyslexia scored lower on the three neuropsychological skills assessed. These findings suggest that students with dyslexia may manifest poorer performance in those neuropsychological skills that are key to reader development.

Resumen La dislexia es un problema que cada vez afecta más al alumnado en edad escolar. Las últimas experiencias de aplicación de la neuropsicología al ámbito educativo resultan interesantes porque van a permitir evaluar distintas variables neuropsicológicas con el objeto de comprender mejor los procesos de aprendizaje del alumnado para plantear posteriormente intervenciones específicas en esta población. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar variables neuropsicológicas relacionadas con la lectura y escritura en estudiantes con y sin dislexia. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 60 estudiantes de entre 13 y 15 años, 30 con dislexia y treinta sin dislexia. La prueba King Devick fue utilizada para valorar los movimientos oculares sacádicos, la prueba de la lateralidad de Harris para evaluar la lateralidad y la prueba ENFEN para las funciones ejecutivas. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. Los estudiantes con dislexia obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en las tres habilidades neuropsicológicas evaluadas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los niños con dislexia podrían manifestar un peor desempeño en habilidades neuropsicológicas que son clave para el desarrollo lector y escritor.

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PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of indicative signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) during the third trimester of pregnancy; assess the severity of symptoms and functional impairment; evaluate associated factors; and to evaluate the complaint of CTS in pregnant women through ultrasonography (USG). METHODS: A cross-sectional study, in which participants were classified into two groups: presence and absence of indicative signs and symptoms of CTS. Severity of symptoms and functional status was assessed by the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. USG was performed by multiplanar technique of static and dynamic evaluation. Association between USG and indicative signs and symptoms of CTS was estimated using Fischer's exact test and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association of exploratory variables and indicative signs and symptoms of CTS. RESULTS: Altogether, 482 women were recruited and 111 presented indicative signs and symptoms of CTS, resulting in a prevalence of 23.03%. USG was not able to distinguish indicative signs and symptoms of CTS groups. Both the severity of the symptoms and the impairment of the manual function were mild. Being left-handed, gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal age were associated with indicative signs and symptoms of CTS. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of indicative signs and symptoms of CTS and the difficulties that they can cause reinforce the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the value of USG as a diagnostic method for CTS during pregnancy.

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BACKGROUND: Gait asymmetries are a matter of discussion concerning gait adaptation in older adults. While most studies perform unilateral gait assessments, the hypothesis that asymmetry in gait biomechanics is influenced by muscular and functional performance in older people needs to be confirmed. PURPOSE: Here we performed a systematic review (CRD42018093189) to discuss the relationship between muscular and functional performance and gait asymmetries in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Searches were performed using Medline via Pubmed, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Central, and Lilacs databases. Studies investigating leg asymmetries during overground locomotion and recording kinetics, kinematics or muscular activation parameters to determine at least one muscular or functional parameter were included. RESULTS: Findings show that gait asymmetries, especially in step temporal parameters, are mainly related to functional outcomes, but the relationship with muscular performance was not possible to determine. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship of gait asymmetry with muscular performance is still unknown, and there is a lack of investigations. Improvements in performance of functional tasks lead to a more symmetric gait.

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É da natureza dos seres humanos apresentarem preferências na realização de tarefas do dia-a-dia. Esta preferência está associada à lateralidade. Um dos campos de estudo sobre a lateralidade é a assimetria lateral, que está presente tanto na dimensão da preferência quanto no desempenho. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a assimetria de força de preensão manual entre os sexos, e identificar se há associação entre assimetria de desempenho e assimetria de preferência. Método: A amostra foi composta por 50 estudantes universitários que realizaram teste de força de preensão manual máxima. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que o os homens apresentaram valores absolutos maiores, maior índice de assimetria e menor consistência quando comparados às mulheres. Além disso, a mão preferida apresentou valores maiores de força em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: Em linhas gerais, sugere-se que fatores genéticos, sociais, culturais e sexo influenciam o comportamento motor dos indivíduos e, consequentemente, as assimetrias de desempenho.

It is of the nature of human beings to have preferences to performing daily tasks. This preference is associated with the laterality. One of the fields of the laterality study is lateral asymmetry, that is present in both preference and performance dimensions. Aim: This study aimed to compare manual grip strength asymmetry between genders and to identify if there is an association between asymmetry of performance and preference asymmetry. Method: The sample consisted of 50 university students who performed maximum manual grip strength tests. Results: The results indicated that the men had higher absolute values, higher Asymmetry Index and lower consistency when compared to the women. In addition, the preferred hand presented higher strength values in both sexes. Conclusion: In general, it is suggested that genetic, social, cultural and gender factors influence the motor behavior of the individuals and consequently the appearance of the lateral asymmetries.

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Fundamento: La práctica estomatológica depende en gran medida de las habilidades manuales. En Cienfuegos se ha incrementado en la carrera de estomatología el número de estudiantes zurdos, los cuales, por lo general, presentan dificultades al comenzar en el ciclo preclínico.Objetivo: analizar la dominancia cerebral y factores asociados a ella en estudiantes de estomatología de cuarto año.Métodos: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, realizado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el periodo comprendido desde septiembre de 2013 hasta abril de 2017. Fueron incluidos 46 estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de estomatología, para los cuales se analizaron las variables dominancia cerebral, lateralidad, sexo, índice académico, coeficiente de inteligencia, habilidades prácticas y percepción por los zurdos del uso de su mano derecha.Resultados: el 80 % de los zurdos fue evaluado de regular en cuanto a sus habilidades prácticas en el segundo año de la carrera. El uso de la mano de la derecha en estos estudiantes, tuvo como principales consecuencias sentimientos de inseguridad (80 %) y ansiedad (90 %), además de dolor muscular (70 %). En el cuarto año, el 69,44 % de los estudiantes diestros presentó excelentes habilidades prácticas y el 70 % de los zurdos fue evaluado de bien.Conclusión: la dominancia cerebral influye en el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas de los estudiantes de la carrera de estomatología, las cuales comienzan a introducirse desde el cuarto semestre.

Foundation: Dental practice depends at a great extent on manual abilities. In Cienfuegos, the number of left handed dentistry students has increased who in general have difficulties when starting the clinical cycle.Objective: to analyze the cerebral dominance and associated factors in fourth year dentistry students.Methods: Longitudinal, descriptive study with mixed observational methodology, developed at the University of Medical Sciences, Cienfuegos in the period from September 2013 to April 2017. Forty six fourth year dentistry students were included for whom the variables cerebral dominance,  laterality,  sex, academic index, coefficient of intelligence,  practical abilities and perception of left handed of their right hand use.Results: 80 % of the left handed was evaluated average in the practical abilities in the second year of the career. The use of the right hand in these students hand as main consequences feeling of insecurity. (80 %) and ansiety (90 %), in addition muscular pain (70 %). In fourth year, 69.44 % of right handed students had results of excellent in the practical abilities and 70% of the left handed had average.Conclusion: cerebral dominance influences the development of practical abilities in the dentistry students which start to be introduce from the fourth semester.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on the primary motor cortex (M1) in the manual performance asymmetries in a manual dexterity tasks. The sample consisted of 28 volunteers, right-handed, men and without neurological impairment. The task (Grooved Pegboard) consisted of inserting 25 pins in 25 receptacles, as soon as possible. The task was executed in the pretest with both hands to define the level of manual asymmetry. tDCS or Sham were applied a week after the pretest, then the subjects were evaluated in the post-test. The results revealed that the effects of tDCS in M1 did not reduce asymmetries in a manual dexterity task. However, only the tDCS group improved the performance from pretest to the posttest (p <0.05) in both hands. Stimulation of the right M1 may have generated benefits in the contralateral M1.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) sobre o córtex motor primário (M1) nas assimetrias de desempenho manual em uma tarefa de destreza manual. A amostra foi composta por 28 voluntários, destros, do sexo masculino e sem comprometimento neurológico. A tarefa (Grooved Pegboard) consistiu em encaixar 25 pinos em 25 receptáculos, o mais rápido possível. A tarefa foi executada no pré-teste com ambas as mãos para definição do nível de assimetria manual. Uma semana após o pré-teste foi aplicado a ETCC ou placebo, em seguida os sujeitos foram avaliados no pós-teste. Os resultados revelaram que os efeitos da ETCC no M1 não foram capazes de diminuir as assimetrias manuais em uma tarefa de destreza manual em sujeitos destros. Entretanto, somente o grupo ETCC melhorou o desempenho do pré-teste para o pós-teste (p<0,05) em ambas as mãos. A estimulação do M1 direito pode ter gerado benefícios no M1 contralateral.

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Studies that investigate handedness are performed in order to relate hemispheric specialization and cognitive performance. The aim of study was compare the neuropsychological performance between right-handed and left-handed children with ages from five to six years who participated in the Brazilian study of standardization of the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment. For analysis of socio-demographic characteristics, descriptive statistics were used. To compare the mean scores between the groups, normality was tested using Analysis of Variance (one-way Anova) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. When comparing right-handed and left-handed children with typical development, left-handed children presented poorer performance on the subtests involving Attention and Executive Functioning, Language, and Learning and Memory.(AU)

Pesquisas sobre preferência manual são realizadas com o intuito de relacionar a especialização hemisférica cerebral e o desempenho cognitivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho neuropsicológico entre crianças destras e canhotas de cinco e seis anos de idade, participantes da pesquisa de normatização brasileira da Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment. Para análise das características sociodemográficas utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Para comparação dos escores entre os grupos, foi testada a normalidade, feita a Análise de Variância (Anova one-way) e o teste Kruskal-Wallis. Ao comparar crianças destras e canhotas com desenvolvimento típico, as canhotas apresentaram pior desempenho em subtestes que envolvem Atenção e Funções Executivas, Linguagem e Aprendizado e Memória.(AU)

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