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Resumen. Objetivo. Poner a prueba un modelo predictivo de la identificación de propósito vital (PV) a partir de las experiencias de disfrute, la realización personal y la claridad en el autoconcepto. Método. Participaron 511 adolescentes (13 a 19 años y de ambos sexos) escolarizados del Área Metropolitana Bonaerense. Se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoinforme para medir las variables estudiadas. Además, se realizó un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales con el método de estimación de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados. Resultados. El afecto positivo y el involucramiento en la actividad favorita presentan un efecto indirecto sobre el PV, mediado por la realización personal. La claridad en el autoconcepto y el sentido de realización personal tienen un efecto directo sobre el PV.
Abstract. Objective. To test a predictive model of finding Purpose in life (PL) from the experiences of enjoyment, personal fulfillment and self-concept clarity. Method. Participants were 511 adolescents (13 to 19 years old and of both sexes) attending schools in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the variables studied. A Structural Equation Model was performed using the Generalized Least Squares estimation method. Results. Positive affect and involvement in the favorite activity have an indirect effect on PL, mediated by personal fulfillment. On the other hand, self-concept clarity and the sense of personal fulfillment have a direct effect on PL. Based on these results, it is possible to highlight the importance of promoting experiences of enjoyment and the possibilities of personal fulfillment in the activities carried out by adolescents.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Condições Sociais , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Argentina , Ego , Sucesso AcadêmicoRESUMO
Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se ven envueltos en situaciones de estrés y ansiedad que afectan su proceso académico y calidad de vida. Sin el acompañamiento adecuado, el estrés puede desencadenar en problemas psicológicos mayores, tales como el Síndrome de Burnout. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de medicina de una institución universitaria en Cartagena durante el primer período del año 2019. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de tipo cuantitativo, la población fueron estudiantes del programa de medicina de una institución universitaria de Cartagena, matriculados en el primer período del año 2019, se aplicó el test de Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS-1981), el cual mide tres parámetros indicadores de Síndrome de Burnout. Resultados: Se realizaron 383 encuestas, el 63% fueron de género femenino, el 91,7% son solteros, el 53% está entre los 20 y los 25 años, la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue de 30.8%. Conclusión: El Síndrome de Burnout en los estudiantes del programa de medicina de la institución Universitaria de la ciudad de Cartagena presenta una prevalencia importante, por tanto, es necesario diseñar estrategias que permitan su prevención.
Introduction: University students are involved in situations of stress and anxiety that affect their academic process and quality of life. Without the proper accompaniment, stress can trigger major psychological problems, such as Burnout Syndrome. Objective: To identify the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in medical students of a university institution in Cartagena during the first period of 2019. Materials and Methods: Descriptive quantitative study, the population were students of the medicine program of a university institution in Cartagena, enrolled in the first period of 2019, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS-1981) test was applied, which measures three indicator parameters of Burnout Syndrome.. Results: 383 surveys were carried out, 63% were female, 91.7% are single, 53% are between 20 and 25 years old, the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 30.8%. Conclusion: The Burnout Syndrome in the students of the medicine program of the University institution of the city of Cartagena presents an important prevalence, therefore, it is necessary to design strategies that allow its prevention.
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As self-regulation theory has increasingly been used as a theoretical lens to explain the effects of psychological contract evaluations and employee outcomes, we test whether emotional intelligence (an ability for self-regulation) is a potential moderator of these relationships. More concretely, using a multiple times survey design in an education-based organization with 247 participants, we examined whether emotional intelligence moderates the mediation effect of emotional exhaustion on the relationship between psychological contract fulfillment and turnover intentions. Using a structural equations model (SEM) framework, our results support our hypotheses that individuals with low emotional intelligence do not experience the benefits of having fulfilled psychological contracts. Psychological contract fulfillment significantly reduces the likelihood of emotional exhaustion but only for individuals with high emotional intelligence. Consequently, turnover intentions are lower for emotionally intelligent individuals who experience the fulfillment of psychological contracts. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. We conclude our study by suggesting that emotional intelligence should be considered as a relevant individual difference in future psychological contract research.
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Resumen El disfrute es una de las razones más fuertes para involucrarse en una actividad deportiva. ¿Pero cómo se puede definir conceptual y operacionalmente este constructo? El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar con enfoque mixto los componentes del disfrute en el deporte. En el primer estudio participaron deportistas federados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA, Argentina) (n = 9). Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y se identificaron las categorías que describen la experiencia de disfrute, tales como, afecto positivo, involucramiento y experiencia autotélica. Los participantes refirieron además sentirse realizados a nivel personal. Por otro lado, en el segundo estudio participaron 362 jóvenes (57.2 % hombres y 42.8 % mujeres) de 14 a 29 años de distintos clubes del AMBA. Para este estudio se operacionalizaron las categorías del primer estudio, a través de 29 ítems, con una escala Likert de cinco puntos de acuerdo. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores que explicaron el 58.8 % de la varianza a través de 17 ítems. La confiabilidad de cada subescala fue alta. El disfrute puede conocerse a través de dos subescalas: afecto positivo . involucramiento. Un factor adicional emergió de los análisis: el sentido de realización personal. Los factores del disfrute correlacionaron positivamente con este último, con el compromiso en el deporte y con el Flow total. Posteriores estudios permitirán conocer otros indicadores de validez de la escala y su uso en diversos contextos.
Abstract Enjoyment is one of the strongest motives to engage in a sports activity, but how can this construct be conceptually and operationally defined? This study aimed to investigate, with a mixed approach, the components of enjoyment in sport. In the first study, federated athletes from the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA, Argentina) participated (n = 9). A semi-structured interview was conducted, and the categories that describe the enjoyment experience were identified, such as positive affect, involvement, and autotelic experience. Participants also reported feeling fulfilled on a personal level. On the other hand, the second study involved 362 young people (57.2% men and 42.8% women) aged 14 to 29 from different MABA clubs. For this study, the categories of the first study were operationalized through 29 items, with a Likert-type scale of five points of agreement. The exploratory factorial analysis yielded two factors that explained 58.8% of the variance through 17 items. The reliability of each subscale was high. Enjoyment can be assessed through two subscales: positive affect and involvement. An additional factor emerged from the analyses: the sense of personal fulfillment. The factors of enjoyment correlated positively with the latter, with the engagement in the sport and with the total flow. Subsequent studies will reveal other indicators of the validity of the scale and its use in various contexts.
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Introduction: Due to the high demands of the medicine career, coupled with students' work and personal obligations, they are a susceptible population to develop anxiety and Burnout syndrome (BS) which can influence their academic performance. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and symptomatology of anxiety and Burnout, as well as to identify their impact on the academic performance of students at the end of their medical degree. Method: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on medical students at the end of their degree, using the Trait and State Anxiety inventory, the Maslach Burnout scale, and the grade point average through the Academic Secretary. Results: A prevalence of state anxiety (SA) of 40. 6% and trait anxiety (TA) of 31. 2% was observed, both with similar proportions between a medium and high level (75-25%), with an association between them. The prevalence of BS was 15. 6%, of which 17. 2% and 23. 4% respectively showed high levels of fatigue and depersonalization, moreover, 18. 8% showed low levels of personal fulfillment. Conclusion: At the end of the career, students show symptoms of SA and TA with a high association between them. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that transitory anxiety can become part of an anxious response as a personality trait. The prevalence of BS was low and not related to academic performance, age, or sex.
Introducción: Las altas exigencias que presenta la carrera de medicina, aunado a las obligaciones laborales y personales de los estudiantes, los predispone a desarrollar ansiedad y síndrome de Burnout (SB), lo cual puede influir en su rendimiento académico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y la sintomatología de ansiedad y Burnout, así como identificar su impacto en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes al término de la licenciatura en médico cirujano. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional en estudiantes de medicina al término de la carrera, se utilizó el inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo y Estado, la escala Maslach Burnout y el promedio de las calificaciones a través de la Secretaria Académica. Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia de ansiedad estado (AE) y rasgo (AR) de 40.6% y 31.2% respectivamente, ambas con proporciones similares entre nivel medio (75%) y alto (25%), y con asociación entre las mismas. La prevalencia del SB fue de 15.6%, de los cuales 17.2 y 23.4% presentaron niveles altos de cansancio y de despersonalización respectivamente, además 18.8% mostró niveles bajos de realización personal. Conclusión: Al término de la licenciatura los estudiantes muestran sintomatología de AR y AE con alta asociación entre ambas, por lo que es importante resaltar que la ansiedad transitoria puede llegar a integrar una respuesta ansiosa como rasgo de su personalidad. La prevalencia de SB fue baja y sin relación con el rendimiento académico, la edad o el sexo.
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Ansiedade , Cirurgiões , Esgotamento Psicológico , HumanosRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar el Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud del Ecuador y cómo se comporta con factores sociodemográficos y laborales asociados. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, en donde se incluyeron profesionales de la salud del Ecuador. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante una encuesta en línea previo consentimiento informado. Para la captura de las variables sociodemográficas se utilizó un cuestionario, para la evaluación de Síndrome de Burnout se utilizó la prueba de Maslach, el cual esta validado en el contexto sudamericano. Resultados: encontramos que la prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout fue elevada, especialmente en el componente de despersonalización (95%) y agotamiento emocional (47%) y en un menor porcentaje en realización personal (11%). El 9% tuvo afectación concomitante de las 3 áreas evaluadas, representando la estructura de Síndrome de Burnout más severa y un 42% de dos áreas, no encontramos ningún tipo de relación con sexo, pero si mayor probabilidad con edades menores, número mayor de pacientes y en los residentes. Conclusiones: el Síndrome de Burnout es un problema importante para analizar de manera permanente en los profesionales de la salud, sus efectos podrían generar un ambiente que propicie el error y tomando en cuenta la alta prevalencia observada, nos encontramos frente a una situación potencialmente compleja. Está demostrado que los profesionales jóvenes no cuentan con herramientas para afrontar condiciones adversas, en este estudio demostramos que ellos tienen mayor probabilidad de Síndrome de Burnout, por lo tanto una intervención preventiva de salud mental para poder anticipar estos efectos es indispensable
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the Burnout Syndrome in health professionals in Ecuador and its behavior with associated sociodemographic and labor factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, which included health professionals from Ecuador. The information was collected through an online survey with prior informed consent. To capture the sociodemographic variables, a questionnaire was used, for the evaluation of Burnout Syndrome the Maslach test was used, which is validated in the South American context. Results: We found that the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was high, especially in the depersonalization component (95%) and emotional exhaustion (47%) and in a lower percentage in personal fulfillment (11%). Nine percent had concomitant affectation of the three areas evaluated, representing the most severe structure of Burnout Syndrome and 42% of two areas, we did not find any type of relationship with sex but there was a greater probability with younger ages, greater number of patients and in residents. Conclusions: The Burnout Syndrome is an important problem to analyze permanently in health professionals, its effects could generate an environment that encourages error and taking into account the high prevalence observed, we are faced with a potentially complex situation. It has been shown that young professionals do not have tools to face adverse conditions, in this study we show that they have a greater probability of Burnout Syndrome, therefore a preventive mental health intervention to anticipate these effects is essential
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OBJECTIVES: Examine well-being, measured as burnout and professional fulfillment, across critical care healthcare professionals, ICUs, and hospitals within a health system; examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DESIGN: To complement a longitudinal survey administered to medical critical care physicians at the end of an ICU rotation, which began in May 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among critical care professionals across four hospitals in December 2018 to January 2019. We report the results of the cross-sectional survey and, to examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the longitudinal survey results from July 2019 to May 2020. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Four-hundred eighty-one critical care professionals, including 353 critical care nurses, 58 advanced practice providers, 57 physicians, and 13 pharmacists, participated in the cross-sectional survey; 15 medical critical care physicians participated in the longitudinal survey through the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Burnout was present in 50% of ICU clinicians, ranging from 42% for critical care physicians to 55% for advanced practice providers. Professional fulfillment was less common at 37%, with significant variability across provider (p = 0.04), with a low of 23% among critical care pharmacists and a high of 53% among physicians. Well-being varied significantly at the hospital and ICU level. Workload and job demand were identified as drivers of burnout and meaning in work, culture and values of work community, control and flexibility, and social support and community at work were each identified as drivers of well-being. Between July 2019 and March 2020, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 35% (15/43) and 58% (25/43) of medical critical care physician responses, respectively. In comparison, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 57% (12/21) and 38% (8/21), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout was common across roles, yet differed across ICUs and hospitals. Professional fulfillment varied by provider role. We identified potentially modifiable factors related to clinician well-being that can inform organizational strategies at the ICU and hospital level. Longitudinal studies, designed to assess the long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the well-being of the critical care workforce, are urgently needed.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Burnout (SB) es un estado de agotamiento emocional, mental y físico causado por un estrés excesivo y prolongado en el área laboral. Las residencias médicas son un modelo de formación basado en el aprendizaje supervisado mientras se desarrollan actividades propias del ejercicio médico. Los residentes son particularmente vulnerables al estrés debido a que todavía no lograron en muchos casos forjar los mecanismos de adaptación necesarios para lidiar con la transformación de estudiantes a profesionales de la salud. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de SB en médicos residentes de nuestra institución con predisposición a la aparición del agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la falta de desarrollo profesional. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, sobre la población de médicos residentes de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola (CURF). Fueron incluidos para el estudio un total de 107 médicos residentes durante el periodo 2016-2019. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de los datos fue el cuestionario de autollenado, anónimo y de participación voluntaria de Maslach: Burnout Inventory (MBI) RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 107 entrevistas donde se completaron las correspondientes encuestas. De este total de encuestados 34 residentes, 32% (IC95% 23,26-40,84), presentó Síndrome de Burnout en su expresión clásica, pero también se obtuvieron valores elevados en los tres dominios evaluados: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. DISCUSIÓN: Las prevalencias de Síndrome de Burnout (SB) hallada en médicos residentes de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola son consistentes con los encontrados en otras investigaciones publicadas en la ciudad de Córdoba y otros estudios internacionales. El SB es insidioso, de difícil diagnóstico y suele ser negado por quien lo padece. CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout en médicos residentes de nuestra institución es elevada y similar la prevalencia observada en otras instituciones . (AU)
INTRODUCTION: Burnout syndrome (SB) is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress in the workplace. Medical residences are a training model based on supervised learning while developing activities related to medical practice. Residents are particularly vulnerable to stress because in many cases they have not yet managed to forge the adaptive mechanisms necessary to deal with the transformation of students to health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of SB in resident doctors of our institution with a predisposition to the appearance of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of professional development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of resident physicians at the Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola (CURF). A total of 107 resident physicians during the 2016-2019 period were included in the study. The instrument used to collect the data was the Maslach self-filled, anonymous and voluntary participation questionnaire: Burnout Inventory (MBI) RESULTS: 107 interviews were conducted where the corresponding surveys were completed. Of this total of 34 residents surveyed, 32% (95% CI 23.26-40.84) presented Burnout Syndrome in its classic expression, but high values were also obtained in the three domains evaluated: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment. DISCUSSION: The prevalence's of Burnout Syndrome (SB) found in resident doctors of the Reina Fabiola University Clinic are consistent with those found in other research published in the city of Córdoba and other international studies. SB is insidious, difficult to diagnose and is usually denied by those who have it. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of Burnout Syndrome in resident doctors of our institution is high and the prevalence observed in other institutions is similar. (AU)
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Humanos , Adulto , Médicos , Despersonalização , Esgotamento Psicológico/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Medical surgeons specialists are exposed to risk factors, the most frequent being those of the psychosocial type, where burnout syndrome is included due to the type of exposure and diversification of their activities as a member of the health team and the legal and socio-labor repercussions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of burnout in medical surgeons. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in 296 specialists. The data was processed descriptively and inferentially with the support of the SPSS 15.0 and Epi-infoV6.1 program. RESULTS: There was a response in 92.5% of the interviewees and the burnout was found in 40.2%. Significant differences were detected in age under 40 years, not having a stable partner, and < 15 years with your partner, being a medical oncologist, having < 10 years of professional seniority and in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout is frequent (40.2%), as risk factors are, being: woman; under 40 years old; not having a stable partner, under 15 years with her and not working this, without children; surgical medical oncologist; < 10 years of professional seniority and job position, night shift; definitive hiring; not having another job and more than 4 h in it. The involvement of the subscales behaves like the syndrome. There was a negative correlation with burnout between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and positive with lack of personal fulfillment at work.
ANTECEDENTES: Los médicos cirujanos especialistas están expuestos a factores de riesgo, siendo los más frecuentes los de tipo psicosocial, incluyendo el síndrome de desgaste profesional (burnout) por el tipo de exposición y la diversificación de sus actividades como miembros del equipo de salud, y las repercusiones jurídicas y sociolaborales. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo del burnout en médicos cirujanos especialistas. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en 296 especialistas. Los datos se procesaron descriptivamente y de manera inferencial con apoyo de los programas SPSS 15.0 y Epi-infoV6.1. RESULTADOS: Hubo respuesta en el 92.5% de los entrevistados y el burnout se encontró en el 40.2%. Se detectaron diferencias significativas en edad menor de 40 años, no tener pareja estable o menos de 15 años con pareja, ser médico oncólogo quirúrgico, y tener menos de 10 años de antigüedad profesional o en puesto de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: El burnout es frecuente (40.2%) y como factores de riesgo están ser mujer, ser menor de 40 años, no tener pareja estable o menos de 15 años con pareja y que esta no trabaje, no tener hijos, ser médico oncólogo quirúrgico, tener menos de 10 años de antigüedad profesional o en puesto de trabajo, trabajar en turno nocturno, tener contratación definitiva, no tener otro trabajo y trabajar más de 4 horas en él. La afectación de las subescalas se comporta como el síndrome. Hubo correlación negativa con el burnout entre agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, y positiva con falta de realización personal en el trabajo.
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Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Cirurgiões/psicologia , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Emoções , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento , Oncologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos/psicologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos/psicologia , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Local de Trabalho/psicologiaRESUMO
This paper aims to propose a concept and an instrument of professional fulfillment (PF), which is theoretically defined as the perception of having attained or being on the right track for attaining one's most important career goals. The Professional Fulfillment Scale (PFS) was developed in order to operationalize PF, being tested across two studies. Regarding Study 1, in which 406 workers took part, results from exploratory factor analysis evidenced construct validity for PFS. In Study 2, in which 270 workers took part, results from confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling presented satisfactory model fit indices for PFS. We conclude that both the professional fulfillment concept and the scale are useful for mapping people's importance and achievement of career goals and evaluation of progress, working as a diagnostic tool for career management. (AU)
O presente artigo visa propor um conceito e um instrumento de realização profissional (RP), definida teoricamente como a percepção de se ter alcançado as metas de carreira mais importantes ou a avaliação positiva de que se está no caminho para alcançar tais metas. A Escala de Realização Profissional (PFS) foi desenvolvida para operacionalizar a RP, sendo sua estrutura testada em dois estudos. No Estudo 1, no qual participaram 406 trabalhadores, resultados da análise fatorial exploratória evidenciaram a validade de construto da PFS. No Estudo 2, no qual participaram 270 trabalhadores, os resultados oriundos da análise fatorial confirmatória e da modelagem por equações estruturais indicaram que a PFS apresenta índices de ajuste do modelo satisfatórios. Conclui-se que tanto o conceito de realização profissional quanto a PFS são úteis para mapear o grau de importância, alcance e progresso das metas de carreira, funcionando como ferramenta de diagnóstico para o gerenciamento de carreira. (AU)
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un concepto y un instrumento de realización profesional (RP), la cual se define teóricamente como la percepción de haber alcanzado las metas más importantes de la carrera o la evaluación positiva de que se está en camino de lograrlas. La Escala de Realización Profesional (ERP) fue desarrollada para operacionalizar la RP, siendo su estructura puesta a prueba en dos estudios. En el estudio 1, en el cual participaron 406 trabajadores, los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio mostraron validez de constructo de la ERP. En el estudio 2, en el que participaron 270 trabajadores, los resultados provenientes del análisis factorial confirmatorio y del modelado por ecuaciones estructurales, indicaron que la ERP presenta índices de ajuste de modelo, satifactorios. Como conclusión podemos decir que tanto el concepto como el instrumento de la ERP, son útiles para asignar el grado de importancia, alcance y progreso de las metas de la carrera, funcionando como una herramienta de diagnóstico para la gestión de la misma. (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Satisfação no Emprego , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise FatorialRESUMO
Introducción: La vigilancia de infección del sitio quirúrgico en procederes quirúrgicos frecuentes es esencial para su prevención. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico y el cumplimiento de las prácticas de prevención en apendicectomía y cirugía de hernia. Método: Estudio descriptivo de pacientes intervenidos de estos procederes desde enero 2017 hasta marzo 2018 en Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Universitario Joaquín Albarrán. La Habana, Cuba. Se recolectó información de las características demográficas de los pacientes, los procederes y el CPP (profilaxis antibiótica, normoglicemia, normotermia y eliminación del pelo). Se utilizaron técnicas de vigilancia durante el ingreso y posterior al egreso para identificar los pacientes con infección del sitio quirúrgico. Se calculó la tasa total de infección del sitio quirúrgico y según índice de riesgo (por cada100 procederes quirúrgicos), para cada proceder y el CPP por cada 100 procederes quirúrgicos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 174 pacientes con apendicectomía y 389 de cirugía de hernia, con tasas de infección de 13,8 por ciento y 5,7 por ciento, respectivamente. El cumplimiento del tiempo de administración del antibiótico profiláctico, la selección y dosis, y la discontinuación fueron respectivamente de 53,3 por ciento, 83,3 por ciento y 80,0 por ciento, en apendicectomía, y de 46,3 por ciento, 72,9 por ciento y 63 por ciento, en cirugía de hernia. La normotermia fue alcanzada en 32,4 por ciento y 27,1 por ciento de los casos. La mayoría de los pacientes con infección del sitio quirúrgico fueron diagnosticados utilizando métodos de vigilancia posterior al egreso. Conclusión: Se ha identificado la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico y brechas en el cumplimiento de las prácticas de prevención que requieren acciones correctivas, que incluyan fortalecimiento del sistema de vigilancia y capacitación de los profesionales(AU)
Introduction: Surveillance of the surgical site infection in frequent surgical procedures is essential for its prevention. Objective: To determine the incidence of surgical site infection and the fulfillment of prevention practices in appendicectomy and hernial surgery. Method: Descriptive study of patients operated on by these procedures from January 2017 to March 2018 in "Joaquin Albarran" clinical, surgical and university hospital in Havana, Cuba. Data on demographic characteristics of patients, the types of procedures and the CPP (antibiotic prophylaxis, normoglycemia, normothermia and hair removal) were collected. The use of surveillance techniques during hospitalization and after discharge allowed identifying the patients with surgical site infection. The total surgical site infection rate and the risk index (per 100 surgical procedures) for each procedure and the CPP per 100 surgical procedures were all estimated. Results: One hundred and seventy-four patients with appendicectomy and 389 with hernial surgery were evaluated and their infection rates were 13.8 percent and 5.7 percent, respectively. The compliance with the time of administration of prophylactic antibiotic, selection and dosage, and discontinuation of treatment were 53.3 percent, 83.3 percent and 80 percent, respectively in appendicectomy where those of hernial surgery were 46.3 percent,72.9 and 63 percent, respectively. Normothermia was reached in 32.4 percent and 27.1 percent of cases. Most of the patients with surgical site infection were diagnosed by using the surveillance methods after discharge from hospital. Conclusions: The incidence of the surgical site infection and gaps in the fulfillment of prevention practices has been identified, which require corrective actions including strengthening of the surveillance system and professional training(AU)
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Humanos , Apendicectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal, en el 2016, en 350 personas con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente Julián Grimau García del municipio de Santiago de Cuba y seleccionadas por muestreo probabilístico, bietápico, sistemático en fase, a fin de caracterizarles según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. En la casuística predominaron el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 60-69 años, así como la hipertensión arterial y la obesidad entre las comorbilidades; la neuropatía diabética y la enfermedad vascular periférica fueron las complicaciones referidas con más frecuencia, y primaron las personas diabéticas con 10 años o menos de tiempo de evolución. El tabaquismo y la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas resultaron más frecuentes en los hombres, mientras que la ingestión de bebidas azucaradas y el sedentarismo se manifestaron de manera similar en ambos sexos. Los hipoglucemiantes de consumo oral constituyeron el tratamiento farmacológico preponderante, en tanto los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad resultaron adecuados, pero la conducta fue incorrecta en cuanto al cumplimiento terapéutico, y existió una pobre práctica de estilos saludables, así como insuficientes percepción y práctica del autocuidado y la autorresponsabilidad.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the 2016 with 350 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, belonging to Julián Grimau García Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba municipality who were selected through systematic in phase double-staged probabilistic sampling aimed at characterizing them according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Female sex and the age group 60-69 prevailed in the case material, as well as the hypertension and obesity among the comorbilities; diabetic neuropathy and the peripheric vascular disease were the most common complications referred more frequently, and diabetic patients with 10 years or less of clinical course prevailed. The smoking habit and alcohol consumption were more frequent in the men, while the consumption of sugared drinks and sedentarism had similar patterns in both sexes. Hypoglucemics of oral consumption constituted the predominant pharmacological treatment, while the knowledge on the disease was appropriate, but the behaviour was not adequate as for the therapeutic fulfillment, and there was a poor practice of healthy styles, as well as scarce perception and practice of self-care and self-responsability.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo:La presente investigación fue realizada en el Tránsito Departamental del Atlántico, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores del área administrativa durante el periodo febrero-abril de 2017.Metodología:estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, enmarcado dentro del paradigma positivista. La muestra fue conformada por 42 empleados. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, con una consistencia interna de 0,7948, y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de percepción del estrés. El análisis consistió principalmente en determinar la prevalencia del síndrome y las asociaciones entre las variables de estudio y las subescalas del test.Resultados:La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue del 17 %, 29% en alto riesgo, 31% de la muestra en mediano riesgo y 24% en riesgo bajo, asimismo una baja realización personal. Se encontró una relación estadística significativa entre la subescala cansancio emocional y las variables sexo, condición del puesto de trabajo, agotamiento físico y estrés; asimismo, entre la despersonalización y las variables sexo y carga laboral; y, entre la realización personal y el estrés.Conclusión:Se requiere tomar medidas urgentes para erradicar los 7 casos detectados y evitar que la población en alto y mediano riesgo llegue a presentar el síndrome
Objective:this study was done in the Transito Departamental del Atlantico, in order to determine the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among employees in the administrative area during the period between February and April 2017. Methodology:descriptive and cross -sectional study, framed withinthe positivist paradigm. The sample was made up of 42 employees. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied, with an internal consistency of 0,7948, and a sociodemographic characterization and stress perception questionnaire. The analysis consisted mainly of determining the prevalence of the syndrome and the associations between the study variables and the subscales of the test.Results:The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 17%, 29% at high risk and 31% of the sample at medium risk and 24% in low risk, aswell as low personal performance. A significant statistical relationship was found between the emotional exhaustion subscale and the variables gender, job status, physical exhaustion and stress; Likewise, between depersonalization and the variables genderand workload; And between personal fulfillment and stress. Conclusion: it is necessary to take urgent measures to eradicate the cases detected and prevent the population at high and medium risk to present the syndrome
Assuntos
Humanos , Esgotamento Profissional , AstenopiaRESUMO
A autora inicia com a retomada do texto fundante da psicanálise, "A interpretação dos sonhos", comentando algo da história de sua escrita e apresentando um resumo das ideias principais de Freud sobre o processo onírico. Busca em alguns autores as ideias próprias sobre sonhos, sonhar e trabalho clínico com sonhos, tentando reconhecer uma invariância com as proposições freudianas, bem como extensões e desenvolvimentos. O texto é permeado por vinhetas clínicas, que visam ilustrar algo do que está sendo apresentado.
The author starts her paper by revisiting the fundamental text of Psychoanalysis, "The interpretation of dreams". She comments on the history of its writing and she summarizes Freud's main ideas about the oneiric process. She searches for other authors' own ideas about dreams, dreaming, and the work with dreams in the clinical practice. The author's purpose is to recognize an invariance when she compares these ideas and Freudian propositions as well as extensions and developments. She uses clinical vignettes in order to illustrate some of the ideas presented herein.
La autora comienza retomando el texto fundamental del psicoanálisis "La interpretación de los sueños". Hace algunos comentarios sobre la historia de este texto y presenta un resumen de las ideas principales de Freud sobre el proceso onírico. Busca, en otros autores, sus propias ideas sobre sueños, el soñar y el trabajo clínico con sueños, tratando de reconocer una invariancia con relación a las proposiciones freudianas, como también extensiones y desarrollos. En este texto, la autora presenta varias viñetas clínicas, que ilustran el tema que está siendo presentando.
L'auteur commence par la reprise du texte fondateur de la psychanalyse, "L'interprétation des rêves", en faisant des commentaires sur l'histoire de son écriture et en présentant un résumé des principales idées de Freud sur le processus onirique. Il cherche les idées concernant l'acte de rêver, les rêves et le travail clinique des rêves chez certains auteurs, en essayant de reconnaître une invariance des propositions freudiennes, ainsi que leurs extensions et leurs développements. Le texte est parsemé de vignettes cliniques qui visent à illustrer un peu de ce qui est présenté.
Assuntos
PsicanáliseRESUMO
Tem sido dada uma importância muito maior à participação dos trabalhadores e retenção desde que a Índia está enfrentando a maior taxa de atrito globalmente Economic Times, 2015¹. Assim, considerando os fatores de Pessoa - job apto a interpretar o impacto no compromisso de trabalho é muito bem essencial, especialmente no Compromisso scenario.Work atual é um elemento vital de qualquer constituição que tem um impacto notável na produtividade e funcionamento . Mas, quando os funcionários vão sentir o compromisso de trabalho é o futuro pergunta. Existe uma forte relação entre ajuste pessoa - trabalho e compromisso de trabalho . ajuste pessoa - trabalho é a compatibilidade entre competência e habilidades da pessoa e as exigências do trabalho Zheng et al.². Se existe uma incompatibilidade entre o ajuste pessoa - trabalho, então as consequências podem resultar em compromisso de trabalho pobre, baixa satisfação no trabalho e extremamente menor envolvimento no trabalho. OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisou os principais fatores que contribuem para a pessoa- a compatibilidade de trabalho entre TI trabalhadores e também analisou a relação e o impacto da compatibilidade de trabalho Person- no compromisso de trabalho. MÉTODO: Exploratory Factor de Analysis (EFA) foi usado para filtrar os fatores-chave inicialmente, seguido por uma técnica de regressão linear para determinar o impacto da pessoa- fatores de compatibilidade emprego no compromisso de trabalho em uma amostra de 300 empregados. EFA utilizada análise de componentes principais para a extração e Promax para rotação . Finalmente a análise de regressão foi realizada para prever o compromisso de trabalho por meio de variáveis estatisticamente significativas de compatibilidade pessoa - trabalho. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram os principais fatores que determinam o nível de compromisso de trabalho são condições de RH, remuneração e benefícios e relacionamento entre os colegas de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Os principais fatores que são responsáveis pela criação de compromisso de trabalho entre empregados são Relacionamento, Políticas e estratégias de RH, remuneração e benefícios, o trabalho autonomia e crescimento do empregado. Os regride mais contribuem que representa a criação de compromisso de trabalho são as políticas de RH, remuneração e benefícios, o crescimento do empregado e trabalhar autonomia. O impacto da compatibilidade pessoa-trabalho no compromisso de trabalho foi estudada através de análise de regressão e isso implica que para cada aumento de uma unidade na política de RH, a 0,52 (coeficientes unstandardised) aumento no compromisso de trabalho está previsto e foi acabou como uma variável de maior impacto para prever compromisso de trabalho. Os coeficientes para Relacionamento (B = 0,330, sig = 0,000), Políticas de Recursos Humanos (B = 0,519, sig = 0,000), remuneração e benefícios (B = 0,386, sig = 0,000) e Crescimento Empregado (B = 0,290, sig = 0,001) foram significativamente diferente de 0, desde o seu valor de p era 0,000 que é menor do que 0,05. Os coeficientes para o Trabalho Autonomia (B = 0,154, SOG = 0,081) não foi estatisticamente diferente de zero, porque o seu valor-p é 0,081, que é maior do que 0,05. A implicação desta pesquisa vai ajudar os gestores a criar um ambiente de trabalho bem compatível concentrando-se em importantes construções de compatibilidade trabalho pessoa- que têm um possível efeito positivo no compromisso de trabalho e reduzindo, assim, a intenção de rotatividade dos empregados. Ainda mais aumentou compromisso de trabalho resultará em resultados do trabalho positivos, tais como a satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional
There have been given a much higher importance to employee commitment and retention since India is experiencing the highest attrition rate globally Economic Times, 2015¹. Hence, considering the factors of Person-job fit to interpret the impact towards work commitment is very well essential, especially in the current scenario. Work Commitment is a vital element in any organization which has outstanding impact on productivity and functioning and hence it is very much vital to have a committed workforce which is necessary in this competitive environment and tight labour market. In the same way, there is considerable amount of evidence that if P-J fit is high then it will have a direct impact on organization commitment also. Person-job fit is the compatibility between person's competency and abilities and the requirements of the job Zheng et al.². If there exists a mismatch between person-job fit then the consequences might result in poor work commitment, low job satisfaction and extremely lower involvement in the job. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the key factors that contribute to Person- job compatibility among IT workers and also analyzed the relationship and impact of Person- job compatibility towards work commitment. METHODS: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to filter the key factors initially, followed by a linear regression technique to determine the impact of Person- job compatibility factors in work commitment on a sample of 300 employees. EFA used Principal Component analysis for extraction and Promax for rotation. Finally regression analysis was carried out to predict the work commitment through statistically significant person-job compatibility variables. RESULTS: The impact of person-job compatibility on work commitment was studied through regression analysis and it imply that for every unit increase in HR Policy, a 0.52(unstandardised coefficients) increase in work commitment is predicted and it has been turned out as a most impacting variable to predict work commitment. The coefficients for Relationship (B =.330, sig =.000), HR Policies (B =.519, sig =.000), Pay and Benefits (B =.386, sig =.000) and Employee Growth (B =.290, sig =.001) were statistically significant, since its p-value is .000 which is smaller than .05. The coefficients for Work Autonomy (B =.154, sig = .081) was not statistically significant, since its p-value is 0.081 which is greater than.05. CONCLUSION: The major factors responsible for creating work commitment among IT employees are Relationship, HR Policies and strategies, Pay and benefits, Work autonomy and Employee growth. The most contributing regressors which accounts for creating work commitment are HR policies, Pay and benefits, Employee growth and work autonomy
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recursos Humanos , Autonomia Profissional , Trabalho , Condições de Trabalho , Condições de Trabalho , Análise Fatorial , Satisfação no Emprego , Modelos Lineares , Estratégias de SaúdeRESUMO
Este artículo es resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en el Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación, de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En él se muestran las relaciones necesarias de la libertad con la verdad del hombre en un marco educativo que orienta la libertad hacia la plenitud humana. La educación, despliegue progresivo de uno mismo hasta el más pleno desarrollo posible, es factible porque el hombre no es perfecto. Ese despliegue se realiza buscando libremente los hábitos que permitan el desarrollo. Esto conlleva el riesgo que implica la búsqueda permanente y estable de lo bueno, lo verdadero y lo bello. La libertad así ejercida no es independencia sino vinculación. El sujeto debe preguntarse sobre sí mismo para acertar en una elección que le perfeccione. Así, todas las dimensiones de la persona intervienen en las decisiones que se toman buscando la plenitud. Sin embargo, solo el hecho de entusiasmar al educando en un proyecto de vida centrado en un ideal estable le ayudará a caminar hacia el fin perseguido: su propio perfeccionamiento.
This article is a result of a research work realized in the Department of Theory and History of the Education, of the Complutense University of Madrid. It shows the necessary relations between freedom and the truth of human being, in an educational frame that orientates freedom towards human fullness. Education, progressive deployment of oneself until the most full development possible, it is feasible because person is not perfect. That deployment is made by seeking freely habits that allow the development. This entails the risk that involves the permanent and stable search of the good, the real and the beautiful. The freedom thus exercised, is not independence but instead, connection. The person should wonder about itself in order to get right in a choice that can perfect it. Thus, all the dimensions of the person intervene in the decisions that are taken seeking the plenitude. However, it is only by instilling enthusiasm to learner in a project of life centered on an stable ideal, that he or she may be helped to walk towards the pursued end: his or her own improvement.
Este artigo é o resultado de um trabalho de pesquisa realizado no Departamento de Teoria e Historia da Educação, da Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Nele amostram-se as relações necessárias da liberdade com a verdade do homem num quadro educacional que orienta a liberdade para a plenitude humana. A educação, desdobramento progressivo de sim mesmo para o maior desenvolvimento possível, é viável por que o homem não é perfeito. Este desdobramento é feito livremente à procura de hábitos para se desenvolver. Isto pode levar o risco que envolve a procura permanente e estável do bom, do verdadeiro e o belo. A liberdade exercida desse jeito não é independência mas sim vinculação. O sujeito tem que se perguntar sobre sim mesmo para acertar numa eleição que lhe aperfeiçoe. Assim, todas as dimensões da pessoa intervém nas decisões feitas procurando a plenitude. No entanto, apenas o fato de excitar ao educando é um projeto de vida centrado num ideal estável irá ajudá-lo a caminhar em direção ao objetivo procurado: seu próprio aperfeiçoamento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação , Liberdade , Desenvolvimento da PersonalidadeRESUMO
O autor propõe neste artigo a análise da subjetividade atual, partindo da cultura da imagem, a perda dos limites entre o público e o privado e a banalização da pornografia. Pensa que a cultura atual promove perturbações nos processos simbólicos. O sujeto não chega à uma esperiência de satisfação porque não pode transformar o cru da cultura da imagem e da velocidade num pensamento: ele não desenvolve nem uma imaginação criativa nem um processo simbólico. O sexual que não passar pela elaboração simbólica transoforma-se em prazer sem satisfação, pura descarga condenada à compulsão aditiva pela impossibilidade de satisfação do desejo no terreno do mental
In this article the author proposes a psychoanalytic comprehension of the subjectivity nowadays, considering the image culture, the lost of limits between the private and the public and the trivialization of pornography. He thinks that the postmodern culture, frequently, promotes symbolizing disturbances. The subject doesn't reach a psychic satisfaction because he doesn't get to transform the pleasure into a symbolic registry. The sexual that doesn't goes through the symbolic elaboration is transformed in pleasure without psychic satisfaction, pure discharge, condemned to an addicted compulsion owned to the impossibility of desire fulfillment in the mind
Assuntos
Humanos , Sexualidade , Psicanálise , Princípio do Prazer-DesprazerRESUMO
Introducción: Los registros que realiza el profesional de enfermería son el soporte de los cuidados que brinda a cada una de las personas que le son asignadas en su jornada laboral, además son un elemento primordial para la toma de decisiones en la gestión del cuidado; por lo tanto es importante que los registros se realicen dando cumplimiento a la NOM 168-SSA1-1998 del expediente clínico para favorecer la continuidad y seguridad del cuidado; por lo cual el objetivo del estudio fue comparar el nivel de cumplimiento de la NOM 168-SSA1.1998 del expediente clínico en dos Institutos Nacionales de Salud, desde la perspectiva del profesional de enfermería. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y comparativo, la muestra estuvo integrada por 186 enfermeras. El nivel de cumplimiento de la NOM 168-SSA1-1998 se midió con una escala tipo likert modificado con 5 opciones de respuesta; para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos mostraron que la mayoría de las enfermeras refieren utilizar en sus registros lenguaje técnico, abreviaturas universales y letra legible, evitan realizar tachaduras y enmendaduras. Se observaron diferencias entre los dos institutos con relación al nivel de cumplimiento de la NOM 168-SSA1-1998 con un valor de p< 0.05. Conclusiones: Desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras el nivel de cumplimiento en la norma es adecuado lo cual puede limitar su disposición para participar en programas de mejora.
Introduction: Mexican nursing professionals back up their care interventions through registers, and this information becomes fundamental in the process of decision-making. Therefore, in order to promote care continuity and security, it is important that these registers fulfill the Mexican health standard NOM 168- SSA1-1998. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of fulfillment of this standard in two National Institutes of Health. Methods and material: A basic, observational, and comparative study was conducted with a sample of 186 nurses. The level of standard fulfillment was estimated using a 5 point Likert Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results: our findings suggest that the majority of nurses use technical language with legible and neat writing. A difference was found between the two institutes (p < .05). Conclusions: from the perspective of these nurses, the level of fulfillment of this standard was adequate.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Enfermagem , Registros Eletrônicos de SaúdeRESUMO
Introducción: Mantener niveles altos de satisfacción laboral permite mejorar los procesos, fomenta el trabajo en equipo, aumenta la calidad de la atención de enfermería y el rendimiento de su productividad; así como la satisfacción de los usuarios. Objetivo: Conocer el grado de satisfacción laboral del personal de enfermería del Hospital General de México. Metodología: Se realizó estudio transversal, en una muestra aleatoria de 159 enfermeras que representan 10% del total del personal del Hospital General de México, la recolección de la información fue a través de un cuestionario ex profeso que contempló el modelo desarrollado por Herzberg. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 36 años, 63% tiene una escolaridad de nivel técnico, los hechos que le produjeron mayor satisfacción son: sanar y apoyar a los pacientes, reconocimiento de su trabajo por sus superiores, ingresar y pertenecer al Hospital General de México. Los factores de ambiente de trabajo y capacitación fueron satisfactorios; no así para el salario. Discusión: La satisfacción del trabajador en el desempeño de sus funciones es un factor determinante de la calidad de la atención; en este trabajo faltó profundizar en los aspectos extrínsecos de la satisfacción. Conclusiones: La satisfacción laboral intrínseca demostró estrecha relación con los principales factores que la originaron.
Introduction: Maintaining high levels of working fulfillment leads to improved processes, fosters teamwork, and increases the quality of nursing care and the performance of its productivity, as well as patients' satisfaction. Objective: Knowing the level of working fulfillment in nurses from the Hospital General de México. Methodology: We performed a cross-sectional study in a sample of 159 nurses randomly selected representing 10% of the total staff of the Hospital General de México, the information was recollected through a questionnaire that was specially developed following the model developed by Herzberg. Results: The average age was 36 years old, 63% had a technical education level, events that granted more satisfied to the nurses: were healing and supporting the patients; the recognition of their work by their superiors; working and being part of the Hospital General de México. The working environment and training were satisfactory, but not the wages. Discussion: Working fulfillment of the nurses is a determinant factor in the quality of the attention to patients. We need to deepen our study in the extrinsic aspects of this fulfillment. Conclusions: The intrinsic working fulfillment demonstrated a close relation among the principal factors that originate.