RESUMO
La aspiración de un cuerpo extraño es una causa importante y prevenible de morbimortalidad en la infancia. Uno de los factores de riesgo principales de la asfixia es la falta de conocimiento de los padres y cuidadores acerca de los objetos peligrosos, las situaciones de riesgo y los signos clínicos de un cuerpo extraño en la vía aérea. Para evitar eventos de asfixia y realizar diagnósticos oportunos para el manejo adecuado, el conocimiento en la comunidad acerca de esta problemática debe aumentar. Evaluamos el conocimiento de los padres sobre la aspiración de cuerpos extraños en niños a fin de proponer estrategias de prevención y evitar nuevos accidentes.
The aspiration of a foreign body is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. One of the major risk factors of asphyxia is that parents or caregivers may lack knowledge of the dangerous nature of many objects, risk situations, and clinical signs of a foreign body in the airway. To avoid choking events and make an early and adequate diagnosis for the proper management of this unfortunate event, community awareness should be increased. We evaluate how much parents know about the aspiration of foreign bodies in children in order to propose prevention strategies as well as to avoid further accidents.
A aspiração de corpo estranho é uma causa importante e evitável de morbidade e mortalidade na infância. Um dos principais fatores de risco de asfixia é a falta de conhecimento dos pais e cuidadores sobre objetos perigosos, situações de risco e sinais clínicos de um corpo estranho na via aérea. Para evitar a asfixia eventos e fazer diagnósticos atempados para a correcta gestão, o conhecimento da comunidade sobre este problema deve aumentar. Nós avaliar o conhecimento dos pais sobre aspiração de corpo estranho em crianças, a fim de propor estratégias para a prevenção e evitar novos acidentes.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Asfixia/epidemiologia , Asfixia/prevenção & controle , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Corpos Estranhos , Poder FamiliarRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Educators dealing with 0-6 years old children must be individuals who are willing to take all kind of measures in order to ensure the safety of children in educational institutions and playgrounds, providing protection from diseases, and who are able to apply first aid measures in case of an accident. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the level of knowledge of all students continuing their education in the department for child development, regarding Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) and the effect of FBA training on their knowledge level. METHODS: This semi-experimental study was carried out on high-school students (n = 123) continuing their education in the department for child development in Corum, Turkey. The data was evaluated with appropriate statistical methods, and p < 0.05 was determined as statistically significant. RESULTS: Before the training, 80% of the high-school children knew the importance of age factor in cases of FBA, improving to 92% after training. The increase in the number of students who were aware of the importance of age factor was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of the training, the visual presentation and training on models related to FBA have led to an increase in the knowledge level of the students.
Resumo Introdução: Os educadores que lidam com crianças de 0-6 anos devem ser pessoas dispostas a usar todos os tipos de medidas que assegurem a segurança das crianças em instituições educacionais e em playgrounds, proporcionando proteção contra doenças e aplicando medidas deprimeiros socorros em caso de acidentes. Objetivo: Neste estudo, objetivamos determinar o nível de conhecimento de estudantes em um departamento de desenvolvimento infantil, com relação à aspiração de corpo estranho (ACE), e o efeito do treinamento para ACE em seu nível de conhecimento. Métodos: Realizamos estudo do tipo semiexperimental em todos os estudantes (n = 123) que estavam dando continuidade à sua educação no departamento de desenvolvimento infantil de uma instituição de educação secundária em Corum, Turquia. Os dados foram avaliados com métodos estatísticos apropriados. Adotamos p < 0,05 como nível estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Antes do treinamento, 80% dos escolares tinham conhecimento da importância do fator idade nos casos de ACE; depois do treinamento, esse percentual se elevou para 92%. Houve aumento estatisticamente significante no número de estudantes que percebiam a importânciado fator idade (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Como resultado do treinamento, a apresentação visual e o treinamento em modelos com relação à ACE levaram a um aumento no nível de conhecimento dos estudantes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Aspiração Respiratória , Corpos Estranhos , Turquia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Educators dealing with 0-6 years old children must be individuals who are willing to take all kind of measures in order to ensure the safety of children in educational institutions and playgrounds, providing protection from diseases, and who are able to apply first aid measures in case of an accident. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the level of knowledge of all students continuing their education in the department for child development, regarding Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) and the effect of FBA training on their knowledge level. METHODS: This semi-experimental study was carried out on high-school students (n=123) continuing their education in the department for child development in Corum, Turkey. The data was evaluated with appropriate statistical methods, and p<0.05 was determined as statistically significant. RESULTS: Before the training, 80% of the high-school children knew the importance of age factor in cases of FBA, improving to 92% after training. The increase in the number of students who were aware of the importance of age factor was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of the training, the visual presentation and training on models related to FBA have led to an increase in the knowledge level of the students.
Assuntos
Corpos Estranhos , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Aspiração Respiratória , Estudantes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , TurquiaRESUMO
Dentro de la práctica clínica en pediatría existen situaciones en las que el diagnóstico oportuno de una enfermedad involucra la meditación de situaciones insospechadas; en niños muy pequeños el interrogatorio indirecto bien realizado y detallado se convierte en herramienta fundamental para su tratamiento. En un evento de aspiración de cuerpo extraño existen indicadores específicos para tener sospecha de que estamos ante un caso; sin embargo, no todos los pacientes presentan signos y síntomas clásicos, por lo que la experiencia del clínico es vital. Se presenta el caso de un niño de veintiún meses de edad que broncoaspiró una corona de acero cromo en un consultorio dental; ésta no fue identificada sino hasta 60 días después del accidente. Es importante que los clínicos encargados de la salud bucal de los niños estén capacitados para auxiliar a sus pacientes ante un evento de aspiración de cuerpo extraño, tanto de forma inmediata como mediata, teniendo una conducta responsable ante la sospecha fundamentada de que ocurrió un accidente de esta naturaleza.
Within the scope of pediatric medical practice, certain situations arise where timely diagnosis of a condition implies facing unforeseen situations. Clinical history is clearly paramount for the correct and precise handling of any patient, even more so for very young patients from whom obtained data can be frequently imprecise. With respect to foreign body aspiration accidents, there are specific indicators which substantiate a suspicion of that case. Nevertheless, not all cases are typical, therefore, experience of the clinical operator is essential. The present study presents the case of a one year and nine months old patient who broncho-aspirated a chrome-steel crown in a dental practice, and the situation was only diagnosed 60 days later. The present diagnosis was emitted at once when the patient arrived at the National Pediatrics Institute. To that aim, a thorax X-ray was taken. The present case can be considered a paradigm. It supports the idea that the oral cavity of very young patients must be treated by qualified specialists, and that such care must be given in centers which can guarantee the patient's safety. A foreign body can remain in the bronchii for a long time, without directly endangering the patient's life. Nevertheless, this situation would introduce the patient into a dangerous chronicity, therefore, emergency room physicians should be aware of the possibility of a substantiated suspicion of foreign body aspiration. These cases, after suitable history research and auscultation could have been avoided, and thus avoid a serious chronic situation in these patients.
RESUMO
Introducción. La aspiración de cuerpos extraños es un problema común en el paciente pediátrico y representa una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. En Estados Unidos se considera la causa de 7% de las muertes accidentales de niños de entre 1 y 3 años de edad. La presentación clínica requiere de un alto grado de sospecha diagnóstica por el médico, sobre todo cuando el antecedente del evento de atragantamiento no es claro en la historia clínica debido a que la exploración física y los hallazgos radiológicos son inespecíficos en la mayoría de las ocasiones. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 14 años que, a pesar de tener el antecedente de la aspiración de un cuerpo extraño, no se le dio importancia y sus síntomas se confundieron con otras entidades. Recibió diversos tratamientos pero sus síntomas se mantuvieron por un año. Fue remitido a la Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica Fernando Katz del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias donde se realizó el estudio broncoscópico y la extracción del cuerpo extraño del bronquio intermedio. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico tardío ocasiona problemas respiratorios que van desde la obstrucción de las vías aéreas (que pone en riesgo la vida) hasta síntomas respiratorios crónicos como sibilancias e infecciones recurrentes de las vías respiratorias. Es común también que estos síntomas se confundan con otras entidades patológicas como el asma, el reflujo gastroesofágico y la disfunción laríngea.
Background. Aspiration of foreign bodies in the central airway is a common problem in the pediatric population, representing a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our country. In the U.S., foreign body aspiration is the cause for 7% of accidental deaths in children between 1 and 3 years of age. Clinical diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion in the medical history especially when the choking event is unclear in the clinical history because physical examination and radiological findings have a low sensitivity. Case report. We present the case of a 14-year-old male with a history of foreign body aspiration. The patient's symptoms were given little importance. A 1-year delay in diagnosis occurred due to symptoms mimicking other pathologies. The patient was referred to the Pediatric Pulmonology Unit "Fernando Katz" of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases where bronchoscopic exploration was performed with removal of foreign body (plastic object) from the intermediary bronchus. Conclusions. Delayed diagnosis causes respiratory problems ranging from life-threatining airway obstruction to chronic respiratory symptoms such as wheezing and recurrent respiratory infections. It has been shown that these symptoms can be confused with other pathologies such as asthma.