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BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury caused by leprosy can lead to foot drop, resulting in an altered gait pattern that has not been previously described using 3D gait analysis. METHODS: Gait kinematics and dynamics were analyzed in 12 patients with unilateral foot drop caused by leprosy and in 15 healthy controls. Biomechanical data from patients' affected and unaffected limbs were compared with controls using inferential statistics and a standard distance, based on principal components analysis (PCA). FINDINGS: Patients walked slower than controls (0.8 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 m/s, p = 0.003), with a reduced stance and increased swing percentage. The affected limb increased (p < 0.05) plantar flexion at the initial contact (-16.8o ± 8.3), terminal stance (-29.1o ± 11.5), and swing (-12.4o ± 6.2) in the affected limb compared to unaffected (-6.6o ± 10.3; -14.6o ± 11.6; 2.4o ± 7.6) and controls (-5.4o ± 2.5; -18.8o ± 5.8; -1.4o ± 3.9). Increased pelvic tilt and knee adduction/abduction range, with lower hip adduction, were observed. The second peak of ground reaction force (98.6 ± 5.2 %BW), ankle torque (0.99 ± 0.33 Nm/kg), and net ankle work in stance (-0.03 ± 5.4 J/Kg) decreased in the affected limb compared to controls (104.1 ± 5.5 %BW; 1.24 ± 0.4 Nm/kg; -4.58 ± 5.19 J/kg; p < 0.05). There were decreasing multivariate standard distances in the affected limb compared with the unaffected and controls. PCA loading factors highlighted the major differences between groups. INTERPRETATION: Leprosy patients with foot drop presented altered gait patterns in affected and unaffected limbs. There were remarkable differences in ankle kinematics and dynamics. Rehabilitation devices, such as ankle foot orthosis or tendon transfer surgeries to increase ankle dorsiflexion, could benefit these patients and reduce deviations from normal gait.
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Órtoses do Pé , Neuropatias Fibulares , Humanos , Análise da Marcha , Análise de Componente Principal , Marcha/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Debilidade Muscular , Articulação do Tornozelo , Fenômenos BiomecânicosRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.939241.].
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Stroke is the second leading cause of death and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. According to the World Health Organization, 11 million people suffer a stroke yearly. The cost of the disease is exorbitant, and the most widely used treatment is conventional physiotherapy. Therefore, assistive technology emerges to optimize rehabilitation and functional capabilities, but cost, robustness, usability, and long-term results still restrict the technology selection. This work aimed to develop a low-cost ankle orthosis, the G-Exos, a wearable exoskeleton to increase motor capability by assisting dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and ankle stability. A hybrid system provided near-natural gait movements using active, motor, and passive assistance, elastic band. The system was validated with 10 volunteers with foot drop: seven with stroke, two with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and one with acute inflammatory transverse myelitis (ATM). The G-Exos showed assistive functionality for gait movement. A Friedman test showed a significant difference in dorsiflexion amplitude with the use of the G-Exos compared to gait without the use of the G-Exos [x 2 (3) = 98.56, p < 0.001]. In addition, there was also a significant difference in ankle eversion and inversion comparing walking with and without the G-Exos [x 2 (3) = 36.12, p < 0.001]. The G-Exos is a robust, lightweight, and flexible assistive technology device to detect the gait phase accurately and provide better human-machine interaction. G-Exos training improved capability to deal with gait disorders, usability, and motor and functional recovery. Wearable assistive technologies lead to a better quality of life and contribute using in activities of daily living.
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A quimioterapia com FOLFOX (oxaliplatina, leucovorina e 5-fluorouracilo) é frequentemente utilizada em doentes com cancro colorretal. Os sais de platina são conhecidos por serem uma classe de quimioterápicos que comumente induzem neurotoxicidade periférica. Na toxicidade induzida pela oxaliplatina, os sintomas sensitivos são os mais frequentes. Neste artigo, apresentamos dois casos clínicos de pacientes com adenocarcinoma de cólon, ambos submetidos à quimioterapia com FOLFOX4, e que desenvolveram neurotoxicidade incomum, apresentando pé pendente após o terceiro ciclo de tratamento. Esta manifestação clínica pode ser explicada por dano axonal nos neurônios motores periféricos do nervo peroneal comum (fibular), que fornece inervação motora aos músculos do pé. A paralisia do nervo fibular causa fraqueza súbita nos músculos do pé, que parece ser temporária. Ambos os doentes recuperaram completamente do evento sem necessidade de ajustes no tratamento, nem introdução de medicamentos diferentes. A apresentação de pé pendente como toxicidade da quimioterapia ainda é pouco compreendida. Os casos relatados mostram o pé pendente como uma manifestação grave e incomum de neuropatia induzida por FOLFOX, que pode ser transitória, e não requer necessariamente intervenção específica.
Chemotherapy based on FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen is frequently used in colorectal cancer patients. Oxaliplatin and other platinum agents are known to be a class of chemotherapy drugs that commonly induce peripheral neurotoxicity. The most frequent oxaliplatin related neurotoxicity is sensitive symptoms. Here, we present two cases of patients with colon adenocarcinoma, both undergoing chemotherapy with FOLFOX4, who developed uncommon neurotoxicity, presenting with foot drop after the third treatment cycle. Foot drop may be explained by axonal damage of peripheral motor neurons of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve, which provides motor innervation to the foot muscles. Peroneal nerve palsy causes sudden weakness in the muscles of the foot that seems to be temporary. Both patients completely recovered from the event. There was no need for treatment adjustments, neither introduction of different drugs. Foot drop as chemotherapy toxicity is still poorly understood. The reported cases show foot drop as a severe and uncommon manifestation of FOLFOX-induced neuropathy, that might be transitory, and does not necessarily requires specific intervention.
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Humanos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Agentes Neurotóxicos/toxicidade , Pé/inervação , Adenocarcinoma , Neuropatias Fibulares , Oxaliplatina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of foot drop stimulators (FDS) in individuals with stroke by means of spatio-temporal and step-to-step symmetry, harmonic ratio (HR), parameters obtained from trunk accelerations acquired using a wearable inertial sensor. Thirty-two patients (age: 56.84 ± 9.10 years; 68.8% male) underwent an instrumental gait analysis, performed using a wearable inertial sensor before and a day after the 10-session treatment (PRE and POST sessions). The treatment consisted of 10 sessions of 20 min of walking on a treadmill while using the FDS device. The spatio-temporal parameters and the HR in the anteroposterior (AP), vertical (V), and mediolateral (ML) directions were computed from trunk acceleration data. The results showed that time had a significant effect on the spatio-temporal parameters; in particular, a significant increase in gait speed was detected. Regarding the HRs, the HR in the ML direction was found to have significantly increased (+20%), while those in the AP and V directions decreased (approximately 13%). Even if further studies are necessary, from these results, the HR seems to provide additional information on gait patterns with respect to the traditional spatio-temporal parameters, advancing the assessment of the effects of FDS devices in stroke patients.
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Estimulação Elétrica , Neuropatias Fibulares , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Idoso , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Feminino , Marcha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuropatias Fibulares/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraneural ganglion cysts usually arise from the articular branch of the nerve. The relationship between intraneural ganglion cysts and trauma is not clear. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 62-year-old female with a rapidly progressive foot drop caused by a posttraumatic intraneural ganglion cyst of the deep peroneal nerve. We excised the ganglion cyst and performed nerve decompression. After the surgery, the patient had a functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The concurrence of an intraneural ganglion cyst and trauma may increase damage to the nerve, although it is difficult to diagnosis before an operation. Early diagnosis and early proactive interventions would likely be associated with a good outcome.
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Acidentes de Trânsito , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Cistos Glanglionares/etiologia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/etiologia , Nervo Fibular/lesões , Biópsia , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/diagnóstico , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/fisiopatologia , Cistos Glanglionares/diagnóstico , Cistos Glanglionares/fisiopatologia , Cistos Glanglionares/cirurgia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/diagnóstico , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/cirurgia , Nervo Fibular/fisiopatologia , Nervo Fibular/cirurgia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the tibialis anterior muscle (TAm) using surface electromyography in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-IA), after ipsilateral proprioceptive neuromuscular patterns (PNF). Thirteen CMT-IA patients (both sexes) were treated twice a week, for 5 weeks, with bilateral PNF pattern, four times per treatment. During the execution of the patterns, we recorded the bilateral activation of the TAm in root mean square (RMS). We used the Student paired t-test for the first and last treatments, P-value set at <0.05. Clinical significance (CS) was obtained by subtracting the values of the first treatment from the last. Chopping pattern to the right side increased RMS for the right (t=-3.52, CS=52%), but not the left TAm (t= -3.35). Flexion-abduction with external rotation pattern to the right (t= -2.46, CS=55%) and left (t=-2.07, CS=53%) significantly increased RMS for TAm on both sides. Extension-adduction with internal rotation pattern to the right (t=-0.25) and left (t=-1.84) did not produce any changes in TAm. Ipsilateral PNF patterns selectively produce TAm overflow in peripheral polyneuropathy patients and can be successfully used as supportive therapy for foot drop.
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Introdução: Foot drop é uma fraqueza do músculo tibial anterior e pode ser sinal de hérnia discal lombar, lesão do nervo peroneal, distrofia muscular ou lesão cerebral parasagital. Lesão da raiz do quinto nervo lombar ou lesão do nervo peroneal são as causas mais freqüentes. Os autores apresentam um caso de foot drop em um paciente portador de hérnia discal no segmento L3-L4. Discutem sua fisiopatologia, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico. Relato do caso: PTS. Masculino, 38 anos de idade, pedreiro. História de fraqueza no pé direito há três meses. Exame neurológico: Marcha claudicante à direita, diminuição da força muscular à direita (++/++++) e hipoestesia no trajeto radicular de L3 do membro inferior direito. TC e RM de coluna lombar demonstraram hérnia discal extrusa no espaço L3-L4. Resultado: Submetido à hemilaminectomia lombar e excisão da hérnia discal extrusa. Submetido à fisioterapia motora e ortese, com recuperação do pé caído. Conclusão: O foot drop pode ser decorrente lesão periférica (nervo peroneal), neurônio motor inferior, lesão cortical e distrofia muscular. Seu diagnóstico é através de eletroneuromiografia, TC, mieloTC e RM. Seu prognóstico tem sido considerado bom quando operado precocemente. Em nosso paciente houve demora na recuperação do quadro devido ao tempo de evolução do caso.
Introduction: Foot dropt is a tibialis anterior muscle weakness and may be caused by lumbar discopathy, fibular nerve injury, muscular dystrophy or cerebral parasagital lesion. Lesion on the 5th lumbar nerve root or fibular nerve injury are the most common causes. The authors present a case of foot drop associated with a herniated L3-L4 lumbar disc. Physiopathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are discussed. Case Report: 38-year-old man with a 3-month history of right foot weakness. Neurological examination: right-sided claudication during gait, right-sided muscular weakness (++/++++) and L3-dermal territory hypoesthesia on his right leg. Lumbar CT and MRI revealed an extruded L3-L4 herniated disc. Results: Patient was submitted to lumbar hemilaminectomy and extruded herniated disc excision. Motor physiotherapy and orthesis were also performed, with foot drop recovery. Conclusions: Foot drop may be caused by peripheral lesion (fibular nerve), lower motor neuron, cortical lesion or muscular dystrophy. Diagnosis is performed with EMG, CT, mieloCT and MRI. Early surgery is associated with good prognosis. Our patient showed slow recovery due to a long case evolution.