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PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS: A modified version of the parental version of 10 items of the Screening for and Promotion of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents-a European Public Health perspective (KIDSCREEN-10) was used to assess children's HRQoL in three areas: subjective physical, mental, and social status. To evaluate dietary habits, a food frequency questionnaire was employed. To identify different feeding patterns in the sample of children and adolescents examined, cluster analyses were carried out. In addition, a generalized linear model with a Gaussian distribution was applied to test the associations between the determined clusters and HRQoL. RESULTS: The lowest HRQoL was identified in participants located in the unhealthiest cluster (Cluster 1) (mean [M] = 85.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 83.7 to 86.7). In comparison with the unhealthiest cluster (Cluster 1), a greater estimated marginal mean of HRQoL was identified for participants in the moderately healthy cluster (Cluster 1) (p = 0.020) and in the healthiest cluster (Cluster 2) (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, dietary habits based on the low consumption of bread, cereals, and dairy products (mainly), together with low intake of fruits and vegetables, are related to lower HRQoL in children and adolescents. These results underscore the importance of promoting balanced and nutrient-rich diets among young populations. Public health initiatives should focus on educating parents, caregivers, and children about the benefits of a varied diet that includes adequate portions of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products.
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Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Masculino , Espanha , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Padrões DietéticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Historically, the Andean people have experienced uncertainty in terms of the availability of food resources because of climatic and ecological variations that are typical of mountainous environments. Risk management strategies, including the diversified and complementary use and management of species and ecosystems at different elevations, have faced such uncertainty. The current effects of climate change on food security motivate studies on subsistence adaptative strategies. TEK offers extraordinary experience and local biocultural memory to meet present and future needs. From an ethnoecological perspective, we aim to identify the variety of local foods in Andean communities, their cultural and nutritional value for local people, their use frequencies, and their forms to obtain them from different environments, productive systems, and interchanges. We expected to identify traditional Andean diversified subsistence patterns despite the pressure of modern food and interchange systems. METHODS: This study was conducted in two communities in the highlands of the Department of Huánuco, Peru. We conducted 24 semistructured interviews with households sampled through the snowball method. We asked about their daily life food, plant and animal components of diet, frequencies and seasons in which they are consumed, and ways to obtain them. We complemented the information through ethnobotanical collection of wild, weedy, and ruderal edible plants and records on domestic and wild animals included in the diet. RESULTS: We recorded 37 crop species, 13 domestic animals, 151 wild, weedy, and ruderal food plant species, the 3 most commonly consumed wild animals, and 52 processed products obtained from local stores and markets. The main crops are potato and maize, while the main domestic animals included in the diet are cattle, pigs, and sheep. Rice, pasta, and bread are the main raw and processed foods included in the diet. Crops represent nearly half of the food consumed and purchased (in kg/year), and tubers and cereals provide most of the kilocalories, carbohydrates and proteins. Wild, weedy, and ruderal plants are consumed in relatively low amounts and at relatively low frequencies per species, but overall, they constitute a significant proportion of the kg of annually consumed food (14.4% in Cani and 9.6% in Monte Azul). Knowledge and use of these resources play a key role in local cuisine and nutrition. CONCLUSION: The current food patterns studied are based on diverse diets, including multiple feedstuffs, sources, and practices to obtain them, which reflects the traditional Andean subsistence pattern. The increasing adoption of processed food has influenced the declining consumption of local food, mainly among young people. Communication and policies to promote local food, emphasizing the role of wild plants and their adequate consumption, and provide information on their nutritional value are recommended to support efforts toward food sovereignty and conservation of Andean biocultural diversity.
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Agricultura , Peru , Humanos , Animais , Etnobotânica , Masculino , Dieta , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ração Animal , Padrões DietéticosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the social network, food patterns, physical activity, and their associations with overweight/obesity in adolescents from a school in rural Brazil. Students from a rural school in Northeast Brazil (n = 90) completed questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, physical activity, and a name generator. Social networks were constructed using students' social proximity ties. Principal component analysis was performed to determine food patterns, and logistic models were used to investigate variables associated with overweight/obesity. Most participants were girls (62.9%), and the proportion of overweight/obesity was 30% among adolescents. Students cited 2070 people from their networks (family, friends at school, friends outside of school, and others). Among them, the family had the highest degree of influence (61%) in the network and had the most shared meals with adolescents (47%). Adolescents' perception of their family members' body size as obese, compared to normal or underweight, was prevalent (51%). Adolescents with unhealthy food patterns were 72% more likely to be categorized as overweight/obese, and eigenvector centrality was also associated with overweight/obesity (OR = 5.88, 95% CI = 1.08-32.03). Adolescents presented a social network with strong family influence, in which a high percentage of overweight/obesity was observed. Adolescents with high eigenvector centrality were more likely to be in the overweight/obesity category. Additionally, overweight/obesity was associated with unhealthy food patterns in the family network.
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Exercício Físico , Obesidade Infantil , Rede Social , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , População Rural , Brasil/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Dieta Saudável , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.
Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.
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Resumo Objetivou-se estudar a associação entre padrão alimentar, fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e o ambiente alimentar em uma população de adultos e idosos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com pessoas de ambos os sexos e idade entre 20 e 70 anos. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da análise de componentes principais. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar as razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas e os intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC 95%). Quatro padrões alimentares foram identificados: saudável, tradicional, carboidratos e açúcares refinados e fast food. Encontraram-se associações positivas entre: sexo feminino e maior renda com o padrão alimentar saudável; cor da pele preta ou parda e domicílios com seis ou mais moradores com padrões alimentares tradicional e carboidratos e açúcares refinados; maior escolaridade com o padrão fast food. Realizar as principais refeições em casa associou-se ao padrão tradicional, e almoço ou jantar fora do domicílio com os padrões carboidratos e açúcares refinados e fast food. Posição socioeconômica mais baixa leva ao maior consumo do padrão alimentar tradicional e/ou rico em carboidratos e açúcares, e uma posição socioeconômica mais elevada parece permitir uma escolha entre padrão saudável ou fast food.
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and demographic and socioeconomic factors and the food environment among adults and older persons in a city in the south of Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with people of both sexes aged between 20 and 70 years. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Four dietary patterns were identified: Healthy; Traditional; Refined Carbs and Sugars; and Fast Food. Positive associations were found between being female and higher income and the Healthy dietary pattern; being black or brown and living in a household with at least six members and the Traditional and Refined Carbs and Sugars patterns; and higher education and the fast-food dietary pattern. Having main meals at home was associated with the Traditional pattern and having lunch or dinner away from home was the associated with Refined Carbs and Sugars and fast-food patterns. Lower socioeconomic status leads to higher consumption of the Traditional and/or Refined Carbs and Sugars dietary patterns, while higher socioeconomic status appears to enable individuals to choose between healthy or fast-food patterns.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Dieta , Refeições , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to identify dietary patterns of children under two years of age in primary care, associating them with maternal variables. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in basic health units. Sample selected for convenience with 321 children under two years old and their mothers. Food consumption was obtained through a 24-hour food record. The method of factor analysis by main components was used to determine dietary patterns. Associations between maternal variables and dietary patterns were tested. Results: "mixed", "porridge" and "snacks" patterns were identified. Receiving guidance on infant feeding was related to greater adherence to the "mixed" (p = 0.02; PR = 2.98; 95% CI95% = 1.49-5.96) and "porridge" (p = 0.026; PR = 2.10; CI95% = 1.09-4.02) patterns. Experience with breastfeeding showed greater adherence to the "porridge" standards (p=0.038; PR = 1.78; CI95%= 1.03-3.08) and "snacks" (p = 0.026; PR = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18) and children of overweight mothers showed less adherence to the "snacks" pattern (p = 0.042; PR = 0.51; CI95%= 0.26-0.98). Conclusions: patterns found were associated with guidance on infant feeding and breastfeeding, previous experience with breastfeeding, as well as with maternal excess weight, emphasizing the importance of professional guidance for greater adherence to more varied and healthy consumption patterns and that include the different food groups.
Resumo Objetivos: identificar padrões alimentares de crianças menores de dois anos na atenção primária associando-os com variáveis maternas. Métodos: estudo transversal desenvolvido em unidades básicas de saúde. Amostra selecionada por conveniência com 321 menores de dois anos e suas mães. O consumo alimentar foi obtido através de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas. O método de análise fatorial por componentes principais foi utilizado para determinação dos padrões alimentares. Associações entre variáveis maternas e padrões alimentares foram testadas. Resultados: padrões "misto", "mingaus" e "lanches" foram identificados. Receber orientações sobre alimentação infantil relacionou-se a maior aderência aos padrões "misto" (p= 0,02; RP= 2,98; IC95%= 1,49-5,96) e "mingaus" (p= 0,026; RP= 2,10; IC95%= 1,09-4,02). Experiência com aleitamento materno mostrou maior adesão aos padrões "mingaus" (p= 0,038; RP= 1,78; IC95%= 1,03-3,08) e "lanches" (p= 0,026; RP= 1,09; IC95%= 1,01-1,18) e filhos de mães com excesso de peso apresentaram menor aderência ao padrão "lanches" (p= 0,042; RP= 0,51; IC95%= 0,26-0,98). Conclusões: os padrões encontrados associaram-se com orientação sobre alimentação infantil e amamentação, experiência prévia com amamentação, bem como com excesso de peso materno, ressaltando a importância da orientação profissional para maior adesão a padrões de consumo mais variados e saudáveis e que contemplem os diversos grupos de alimentos.
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Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional , Ingestão de Alimentos , Nutrição da Criança , Comportamento Alimentar , Brasil , Centros de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , MãesRESUMO
The current pandemic is part of the impact of what has been called the 'Anthropocene' or 'Capitalocene'. A holistic narrative, from the perspectives of knowledge construction and new methodologies to address the scenario and the way out of the crisis are necessary. It is with this alternative and a non-reductionist gaze that we intend to present an analysis of the current health crash and the possibilities of structural action on the determinants that have led humanity to the threshold of collapse of the most precious values of modernity.
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how the food systems in areas close to sugarcane monocrops influence the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among three ethnic communities in the upper Cauca River basin of Colombia. METHODS: We developed a mixed methodology study at three rural zones located in the departments of Cauca and Valle del Cauca, Colombia, using a household survey to establish the level of FI, and semi-structured interviews with key community actors. RESULTS: These three ethnic communities have a high prevalence of FI (> 70%) that was found to be associated with economic income, social security, gender, the presence of minors in the home, refrigerator in operation and ownership of the land. Loss of food sovereignty was associated with the sale and rental of land. CONCLUSIONS: The sugarcane monocrop has contributed to environmental crises, spatial confinement and sociocultural disruption in ethnic territories; by renting, selling or leasing their land to the industrial production of sugarcane, traditional practices of food production and self-consumption have been profoundly transformed. Ethnic cultures are endangered, while food security and sovereignty of indigenous and black communities have been negatively affected.
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Agricultura/estatística & dados numéricos , Produtos Agrícolas/provisão & distribuição , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Fazendas/estatística & dados numéricos , Insegurança Alimentar , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Saccharum , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: en la actualidad, existen controversias sobre las recomendaciones nutricionales en las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: se propuso analizar, en una línea temporal, la tran sición histórica y los cambios de paradigmas en el estudio de la alimentación y de la enfermedad cardiovascular a fin de avanzar en el campo de la epidemiología nutricional, contemplando el patrón alimentario y del estilo de vida. Reflexión: históricamente, los estudios que investigaron la asocia ción entre alimentación y riesgo cardiovascular se centraron en calorías o nutrientes como factores aislados; sin embargo, esto ha sido problemático para el abordaje del fenómeno multidimensional de las enfermedades crónicas. En los últimos años, se ha propuesto el análisis de los patrones alimentarios y el grado de procesamiento de alimentos, que incluye la combinación global de alimentos y el efecto sinérgico de ciertos nutrientes. Conclusión: la epidemiología nutricional evidenció que el enfoque en calorías y nutrientes no es suficiente en el análisis de las enfermedades crónicas, y que las enfermedades cardiovasculares -fenómeno multicausal y complejo- están influenciadas por los efectos sinérgicos de alimentos y nutrientes, la calidad de los alimentos consumidos, el grado de procesamiento industrial, los entornos alimentarios y los patrones dietarios en general.
Abstract Background: At present, controversies exist around nutrition recommendations for cardiovascular diseases. Objective : We proposed to analyze over time the historical transition and paradigm shifts in the study of diet and cardiovascular disease in order to advance the field of nutritional epidemiology, considering dietary patterns and lifestyles. Reflection: Historically, studies that investigate the association between diet and cardiovascular risk have centered on calories or nutrients as isolated factors. However, this has been problematic in addressing the multidi mensional phenomenon of chronic diseases. In the last few years, the analysis of dietary patterns has been proposed along with the degree of food processing, which includes the global combination of foods and the synergistic effects of certain nutrients. Conclusion: Nutritional epidemiology has evidenced that the focus on calories and nutrients is not sufficient for the analysis of chronic diseases. It's also been shown that cardiovascular diseases - both multicausal and complex - are influenced by: synergistic effects of food and nutrients; the quality of foods consumed; the degree of industrial processing; food environments; and dietary patterns in general.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Nutrientes , AlimentosRESUMO
Una alimentación saludable es determinante para el buen estado de salud de las personas en cualquier etapa de su ciclo vital. Esta alimentación debe contener los nutrientes esenciales, además de ser variada, adecuada e inocua. El propósito de este artículo fue evaluar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Estudio transversal en 136 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio con afijación proporcional de las escuelas profesionales de Enfermería, Obstetricia, Contabilidad, Derecho, Ingeniería Agrónoma, Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias e Ingeniería Civil a los que se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. En los resultados se observa que el mayor porcentaje (41,2%) tiene nivel medio de conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable y el (38.2%) nivel bajo. Según escuelas profesionales, la escuela de enfermería (66,7%) y obstetricia (26,7%) presentan un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable, seguido de los alumnos de Industrias alimentarias (14,3%), Ingeniería civil (13,5%), Derecho (12,5%), Contabilidad y finanzas (9,1%) y Agronomía (5,3%). La prueba de Chi cuadrado demuestra que el nivel de conocimiento tiene relación con su especialidad (p<0,001). Se concluye que los estudiantes del área de salud como enfermería y obstetricia tienen mayores conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable.
Healthy eating is important for good health at all life stages. A healthy diet must contain essential nutrients, be varied, adequate and safe. The purpose of this article was to evaluate knowledge about healthy eating among students of a public university in Peru. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 students selected via random sampling with proportional affixation of the professional schools of Nursing, Obstetrics, Accounting, Law, Agrocultural Engineering, Food Industry Engineering and Civil Engineering to which a structured questionnaire was applied. The results showed that 41.2% had a medium level of knowledge about healthy eating and 38.2% had a low level. According to professional schools, the nursing school (66.7%) and obstetrics (26.7%) had a higher level of knowledge about healthy eating, followed by students from Food Industries (14.3%), Civil Engineering (13.5%), Law (12.5%), Accounting and Finance (9.1%) and Agronomy (5.3%). The Chi-square test showed that the level of knowledge related to specialty (p<0.001). We conclude that students in the health area such as nursing and obstetrics have greater knowledge about healthy eating.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta Saudável , Universidades , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
RESUMEN Se estimaron las desigualdades en tres patrones de consumo alimentario en adultos colombianos (18 y 64 años) relacionadas con la pobreza monetaria. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, que relacionó la pobreza monetaria de 33 unidades geo-demográficas con tres patrones de consumo obtenidos mediante análisis de factores de la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia- 2010. Utilizando Epidat v. 4.2®, se calcularon índices de desigualdad basados en rangos, disparidad o dispersión, en desproporcionalidad, basados en modelos de regresión y los basados en el concepto de entropía. El coeficiente de determinación (r2) para el patrón frutaverdura/lácteos fue de 0,30; para el patrón tradicional/almidón de 0,08 y para el patrón snack de 0,00. La razón de tasas más alta fue para el patrón fruta-verdura/lácteos (2,61), seguida por la razón para el patrón tradicional/almidón (0,93) y la más baja para el patrón snack (0,85). La desigualdad, alcanzó el mayor coeficiente de Gini en el patrón de consumo snack (0,26), le sigue el alcanzado en el patrón tradicional/almidón (0,17) y el fruta-verdura/lácteos (0,12). Concluimos que la mayor desigualdad ocurrió en el patrón de consumo fruta-verdura/lácteos, es deseable aumentar la adherencia la patrón tradicional y disminuir la ingesta de proteínas en los más ricos.
ABSTRACT We estimated the inequalities in three patterns of food consumption in Colombian adults (18 and 64 years) related to monetary poverty. An ecological study was conducted, which linked the monetary poverty of 33 geo-demographic units with three consumption patterns obtained through factor analysis using the National Nutrition Situation Survey in Colombia-2010. Using Epidat v. 4.2®, inequality indexes based on ranges, disparity or dispersion were calculated, in disproportionality, based on regression models and those based on the concept of entropy. The determination coefficient (r2) for the fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern was 0.30, 0.08 for the traditional pattern/starch, 0.00 and for the snack pattern. The highest rate ratio was for the fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern (2.61), followed by the ratio for the traditional pattern/starch (0.93), and the lowest for the snack pattern (0.85). Inequality reached the highest Gini coefficient in the pattern of snack consumption (0.26), followed by that reached in the traditional pattern/starch (0.17) and the fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern (0.12). We showed that the greatest inequality occurred in the fruit-vegetable / dairy consumption pattern, it is desirable to increase the adherence to the traditional pattern and decrease the protein intake in the richest population.
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Humanos , Pobreza , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Disparidades nos Níveis de SaúdeRESUMO
Considering the increased contribution of foods consumed outside home and their potential impact on diet, this study aims to identify eating out patterns and their association with nutritional dietary quality in Brazil. We used the Individual Food Intake Survey 2008-2009, conducted with 34,003 individuals aged 10 and up. We used factor analysis by principal component to identify out-of-home eating patterns and linear regression to explore the association between patterns scores and dietary quality. We identified three food patterns. The "Traditional meal" pattern carried more rice, beans, meat, roots and tubers, pasta, vegetables and eggs. The "typical Brazilian breakfast/tea" pattern carried more fresh bread, margarine, milk, cheese and butter. The "Ultra-processed food" pattern carried more ready-to-eat meals and soft drinks. The "traditional meal" pattern was positively associated with calories from proteins, fiber, iron, potassium and sodium densities, whereas "typical Brazilian breakfast/tea" and "ultra-processed food" patterns were positively associated with energy density, the percentage of calories from lipids or carbohydrates, trans fat and free sugar. Out-of-home eating may have a negative impact on nutritional dietary quality when based on ultra-processed food. However, it is possible to maintain a healthy out-of-home diet with adherence to traditional Brazilian cuisine.
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Dieta Saudável/tendências , Ingestão de Alimentos , Comportamento Alimentar , Refeições , Adolescente , Adulto , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Criança , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Ingestão de Energia , Fast Foods , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Nutritivo , Análise de Componente Principal , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and mental disorders among pregnant women in southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 712 pregnant women recruited from the Study of Food Intake and Eating Behaviors in Pregnancy (ECCAGe). Food intake assessment was performed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was used to evaluate participants' mental health. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). Results: In the adjusted models, there was a high prevalence of major depressive disorder among women with low fruit intake (43%, PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.95) and high sweets and sugars intake (91%, PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.19-3.07). Women with a common-Brazilian dietary pattern had higher prevalence of major depressive disorder compared to those with a varied consumption pattern (PR 1.43, 95%CI 1.01-2.02). Low intake of beans was significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (PR 1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.93). Conclusions: Low consumption of fruits and beans and intake of the common-Brazilian dietary pattern during pregnancy were associated with higher prevalence of mental disorders. These results reinforce the importance of an adequate dietary intake to ensure better mental health in pregnancy.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doces/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Phaseolus , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Preferências Alimentares , FrutasRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure food acculturation in young Mexican-origin children. In 2006, Spanish-speaking staff interviewed mothers in a community-based sample of households from Ventura, California (US) (n = 95) and Guanajuato, Mexico (MX) (n = 200). Data included two 24-h dietary recalls (24-DR); a 30-item FFQ; and anthropometry of the children. To measure construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, data analyses included factor analysis, Spearman correlations, t-test, respectively. Factor analysis revealed two constructs: 1) a US food pattern including hamburgers, pizza, hot dogs, fried chicken, juice, cereal, pastries, lower fat milk, quesadillas, and American cheese and 2) a MX food pattern including tortillas, fried beans, rice/noodles, whole milk, and pan dulce (sweet bread). Out of 22 food items that could be compared across the FFQ and mean 24-DRs, 17 were significantly, though weakly, correlated (highest r = 0.62, for whole milk). The mean US food pattern score was significantly higher, and the MX food pattern score, lower in US children than in MX children (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for child's age and gender; mother's education; and household size, the US food pattern score was positively related to body mass index (BMI) z-scores (beta coefficient: +0.29, p = - 0.004), whereas the MX food pattern score was negatively related to BMI z-scores (beta coefficient: -0.28, p = 0.002). This tool may be useful to evaluate nutrition education interventions to prevent childhood obesity on both sides of the border.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , California/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Americanos Mexicanos , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present paper examines the influence of age and gender on food patterns of Latino children. DESIGN: Data are from baseline of a 5-year, quasi-experimental obesity prevention study: Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS; Healthy Children, Healthy Families). In 2012, the researchers interviewed Latino parents, using a thirty-item questionnaire to ask about their children's food consumption and feeding practices. Statistical tests included t tests and ANCOVA. SETTING: Rural communities in California's Central Valley, USA. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and seventeen parents (87-89% born in Mexico) and their children (aged 2-8 years). RESULTS: Fifty-one per cent of the children were overweight or obese (≥85th percentile of BMI for age and gender). Mean BMI Z-scores were not significantly different in boys (1·10 (SD 1·07)) and girls (0·92 (SD 1·04); P=0·12). In bivariate analysis, children aged 2-4 years consumed fast and convenience foods less often (P=0·04) and WIC (Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)-allowable foods more often than children aged 5-8 years (P=0·01). In ANCOVA, neither age nor gender was significantly related to food patterns. Mother's acculturation level was positively related to children's consumption of fast and convenience foods (P=0·0002) and negatively related to consumption of WIC foods (P=0·01). Providing role modelling and structure in scheduling meals and snacks had a positive effect on the vegetable pattern (P=0·0007), whereas meal skipping was associated with more frequent fast and convenience food consumption (P=0·04). CONCLUSIONS: Acculturation and child feeding practices jointly influence food patterns in Latino immigrant children and indicate a need for interventions that maintain diet quality as children transition to school.