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Objetivo: Avaliar os marcadores de consumo alimentar e a diversidade alimentar mínima em lactentes de 12 meses de vida expostos a diferentes métodos de introdução alimentar. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com pares mãe-lactente submetidos à intervenção sobre introdução alimentar em três métodos: Método tradicional (MT), Baby-led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS) e misto (combinação das duas técnicas). Os marcadores de consumo alimentar foram avaliados por questionário online aos 12 meses com base nos alimentos consumidos no dia anterior, utilizando os marcadores de consumo alimentar para menores de 2 anos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. O estudo foi aprovado no comitê de ética. Resultados: Aos 12 meses foram avaliadas 136 crianças: 45 alocadas no MT, 48 no BLISS e 43 no misto. Os alimentos com maior prevalência de consumo foram: leite materno103 (75,7%), frutas, legumes e verduras 122 (89,7%), carnes ou ovos 135 (99,3%), feijão 115 (84,6%), cereais ou tubérculos 135 (99,3%). Alimentos ultraprocessados que estiveram presentes na dieta dos lactentes foram hambúrguer ou salsichas 3 (2,2%), bebidas açucaradas 2 (1,5%), macarrão instantâneo 4 (2,9%) e biscoito recheado 2 (1,5%).Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os métodos de introdução da alimentação complementar. A diversidade alimentar mínima esteve presente na alimentação de 22 lactentes (16,2%), sendo: 6 (13,3%) no MT, 8 (16,7%) no BLISS e 8 (18,6%) no misto (p=0,793). Conclusão: Leite materno,frutas, legumes e verduras, carne, feijão e arroz estiveram presentes na alimentação da maioria dos lactentes; no entanto, a prevalência de diversidade alimentar mínima foi baixa.O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados também esteve presente na alimentação dos lactentes. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) identificação RBR-229scm.

Objective: To evaluate food consumption markers and minimum dietary diversity in 12-month-old infants exposed to different methods of food introduction. Methods: A randomized clinical trial with mother-infant pairs undergoing intervention on food introduction in three methods: Parent-Led Weaning (PLW), Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), and mixed (combination of the two techniques). Food consumption markers were evaluated by an online questionnaire at 12 months based on food consumed the previous day, using food consumption markers for children under 2 years of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The study was approved by the ethics committee. Results: At 12 months, 136 children were evaluated: 45 allocated to PLW, 48 to BLISS, and 43 to mixed. The foods with the highest prevalence of consumption were breast milk 103 (75.7%), vegetables 122 (89.7%), meat 135 (99.3%), beans 115 (84.6%), rice, potatoes, or yam 135 (99.3%). Ultra-processed foods were present in the diet of infants, including hamburgers or sausages 3 (2.2%), sweetened beverages 2 (1.5%), instant noodles 4 (2.9%), and sandwich cookies 2 (1.5 %). No differences were found between the methods of introducing complementary feeding. The minimum dietary diversity was present in the diet of 22 infants (16.2%), being: 6 (13.3%) in the PLW, 8 (16.7%) in the BLISS, and 8 (18.6%) in the mixed (p=0.793). Conclusion: Breast milk, vegetables, meat, beans, and rice were present in the diet of most infants; however, the prevalence of minimal dietary diversity was low. The consumption of ultra-processed foods was also present in the diet of infants. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) identification RBR-229scm.

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Golden berry (Physalis peruviana) is a tropical fruit rich in antioxidants that has been proposed to be able to control the lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic patients. Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The gut microbiota is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk and is involved in redox balance, intestinal permeability, and inflammation. However, the impacts of golden berry on some of these factors, including the human gut microbiota, have never been tested, and there are no tools for compliance monitoring or dietary intake assessment regarding nutritional interventions with this fruit. In the pre-post quasi-experimental nutritional intervention presented here, 18 adult men (27-49 years old) consumed golden berries (Dorada variety) for three weeks. We evaluated putative biomarkers of exposure through an untargeted metabolomics approach (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS), quantified the biomarkers of oxidative stress, gut permeability, and inflammation in plasma, and assessed the effects of fruit intake on the gut microbiota through 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces (Illumina MiSeq V2). First, syringic acid and kaempferol were identified as putative biomarkers of golden berry consumption. Intervention with this fruit promoted physiological changes in the participants after three weeks, reducing the level of the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane (-148 pg/ml; 36.1 %; p = 0.057) and slightly altering gut permeability by increasing the plasma levels of LBP (2.91 µg/ml; 54.6 %; p = 0.0005) and I-FABP (0.15, 14.7 %, p = 0.04) without inducing significant inflammation; i.e., the levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-8 changed by 0.7 (2.0 %), -4.0 (-9.6 %) and -0.4 (-1.8 %) pg/ml, respectively. Notably, the consumption of golden berries did not affect the gut microbiota of the individuals consistently but instead shifted it in a personalized manner. The compositions of the gut microbiota of a given individual at the end of intervention and one month after the end of intervention were statistically more similar to their own baseline than to a corresponding sample from a different individual. This intervention identified putative biomarkers of golden berry intake along with potential benefits of its consumption relevant to cardiometabolic disease risk reduction. Golden berries are likely to positively modulate redox balance, although this effect must be proven in a future controlled clinical trial.

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