RESUMO
Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a condição domiciliar de (in) segurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN) dos usuários dos restaurantes populares de Belo Horizonte (BH). Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico realizado em todos os RP e refeitório de BH com uma amostra de 1613 usuários. A IAN foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e cruzadas com o perfil socioeconômico dos usuários. Foi aplicado Qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste de Mann-Whitney. Foram incluídas na análise multivariada todas as variáveis p-valor < 0,25. O grupo mais exposto a IAN entre os usuários dos RP são os com classe socioeconômica e com uma renda per capita mais baixa; com um grande número de residentes no domicílio; que se autodeclaram possuir mais tipos diferentes de carências/necessidades; e que consideram o preço e morar sozinho os principais motivos para frequentar os RP. Os fatores que interferem na IAN são vários, multicausal, representando assim um grande desafio para os formuladores de políticas públicas e para os que convivem diretamente com essas restrições alimentares. O RP atua como estratégia de promoção da alimentação saudável.
The scope of this study is to evaluate the condition of household food and nutrition (in)security (IAN) of the users of low-budget restaurants in Belo Horizonte (BH). This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out on all low-budget restaurants and cafeteria in BH with a sample of 1613 users. The IAN was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and cross-checked with the socioeconomic profile of the users. The Chisquare and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. All p-value < 0.25 variables were included in the multivariate analysis. The groups most exposed to IAN among users of low-budget restaurants are those with a lower socioeconomic level and per capita income class and those with a large number of residents in the household. Also affected are those who admit to having different kinds of wants and needs, and those for whom price and living alone are the main reasons for frequenting low-budget restaurants. The factors affecting the IAN are varied and multifactorial, thus representing a major challenge for public policy makers and for those who live directly with these dietary restrictions. The low-budget restaurants serve as a strategy for promoting healthy eating habits.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Restaurantes/economia , Brasil , Orçamentos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Antecedentes: entre las estrategias de complementación alimentaria desarrolladas en Envigado, Antioquia-Colombia, se encuentra el Programa MANÁ Infantil, sin embargo no existe información actualizada sobre la ingesta de los alimentos suministrados en el Programa. Objetivo: establecer diferencias en la ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes entre niños expuestos y no expuestos al Programa MANÁ Infantil en el municipio de Envigado, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal con 49 niños expuestos y 35 no expuestos. Se realizó evaluación de ingesta mediante recordatorios de 24 horas. Resultados: se encontró baja inclusión del complemento, sin diferencias entre expuestos (32,5%) y no expuestos (22,9%) (p=0,462). Tampoco se hallaron diferencias en el consumo general de alimentos, energía y nutrientes (2.177 kcal/d expuestos, 2.037 kcal/d no expuestos, p=0,627). 60,2 g/d de proteína expuestos, 60,7 g/d no expuestos, p=0,640). La distribución de macronutrientes fue balanceada para ambos grupos, sin embargo el aporte de carbohidratos simples (15,5% expuestos y 12,7% no expuestos p=0,264) y ácidos grasos saturados (12,8% expuestos y 12,9% no expuestos p=0,608) superaron las recomendaciones. El complemento MANÁ Infantil no logró aportar los micronutrientes programados. Conclusiones: la baja ingesta del complemento MANÁ, entre los niños evaluados, limitó el cumplimiento de los objetivos nutricionales propuestos por el Programa.
Introduction: MANA is a food complementary program provided to children in Envigado, Antioquia-Colombia. However, there is not information related with the actual food and nutrients intakes of MANA beneficiaries. Objective: To compare food and nutrient intakes between exposed and unexposed of MANA. Methods: Cross sectional study which included 49 exposed and 35 of MANA. Food and nutrient intakes were evaluated by 24 h recall. Results: Complementary food intake was not different between groups (32.5% in exposed and 22.9% in unexposed; p=0.462), general food, energy and nutrients intakes were not different between groups (2.177 kcal/d MANA exposed and 2.037 kcal/d unexposed, p=0.627; 60.2 g protein/d MANA exposed 60.7 g/d unexposed; p=0.640). Macronutrient distribution was balanced in both groups; however, simple carbohydrates (15.5% MANA exposed and 12.7% unexposed; p=0.264), and saturated fatty acid intakes (12.8% MANA exposed and 12.9% unexposed; p=0.608) were higher than the recommended dietary intakes. MANA did not provide micronutrient goals. Conclusion: The achievements of MANA Program were limited, due to a low consumption of food provided.