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INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma. Prehospital hemorrhage control techniques include tourniquet application for extremity wounds and direct compression; however, tourniquets are not effective in anatomic junctions, and direct compression is highly operator dependent. Balloon catheter compression has been employed previously in trauma care, but its use has been confined to the operating room and restricted to specific anatomic injuries. METHODS: In a single-center retrospective review, we describe a technique for balloon catheter compression for hemorrhage control that can be employed across the continuum of trauma care, from the prehospital setting to the trauma bay, the operating room, and postoperative period. RESULTS: Of 18,303 trauma patients in Venezuela, 45% of the 1757 patients with vascular injuries received Foley catheter compression for hemorrhage control. Of these catheters, the majority (75%) were placed in the emergency department, 5% in the prehospital setting, and 20% in the operating room. Over half (53.2%) of the balloon catheters were placed for hemorrhage control in non-compressible anatomic junctions. CONCLUSIONS: Foley catheter balloon compression is a useful addition to a provider's arsenal of hemorrhage control techniques, as it is effective in anatomic junctions, preserves collateral circulation through focused compression, and requires minimal active physical attention to maintain hemostasis.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la combinación de la sonda Foley transcervical con oxitocina intravenosa, como método para inducción del parto en pacientes con cesárea previa, es más efectiva que la oxitocina sola para alcanzar una fase activa del trabajo de parto y, por consiguiente, incrementar la frecuencia de partos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles efectuado en el Centro Hospitalario Nuevo Sanatorio Durango del 1 de marzo de 2017 al 31 de marzo de 2018. Criterios de inclusión: edad gestacional mayor o igual a 37 semanas, cesárea previa con incisión transversal baja (Kerr), embarazo único, feto en presentación cefálica. Se crearon dos grupos: A: inducción del parto con oxitocina intravenosa y B: inducción con sonda Foley transcervical y oxitocina. Las variables categóricas se describieron con frecuencias y porcentajes, y las numéricas con media (±), desviación estándar o mediana. Se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y t de Student y se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes; en el grupo A 16/25 lograron una fase activa del trabajo de parto y 14/25 tuvieron parto vaginal. En el grupo B 25/25 alcanzaron la fase activa y 17/25 tuvieron parto vaginal (p > 0.05; IC95%: 0.16-0.4). El tiempo del trabajo de parto fue: grupo A con una media de 17.11 horas y en el grupo B de 12.44 (p < 0.05; IC95%: 2.4-6.2 y 2.4-6.3, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Por lo menos en la muestra estudiada la combinación de sonda Foley transcervical con oxitocina demostró ser sumamente eficaz y segura para la inducción del trabajo de parto en pacientes con cesárea previa; se consiguió disminuir significativamente el tiempo de trabajo de parto y aumentar la frecuencia de pacientes que logran llegar a una fase activa del trabajo de parto.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the combination of transcervical Foley catheter with intravenous oxytocin as a method for induction of labor in patients with previous caesarean section is more effective than using only intravenous oxytocin in achieving an active phase of labor and therefore increasing the frequency of vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study performed at the Nuevo Sanatorio Durango Hospital Center from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Case-control study carried out at the New Sanatorio Durango Hospital Center from March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria: gestational age greater than or equal to 37 weeks, previous caesarean section with low transverse incision (Kerr), pregnancy unique, fetus in cephalic presentation. Two groups were created: group A, induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin and group B induction with transcervical foley plus oxytocin. The categorical variables are described with percentages and percentages, and the numerical variables with means ± standard deviation or median. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Student's t test were used; A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Patients were studied, in group A of 25 patients, 16/25 achieved an active phase of labor and 14/25 had vaginal resolution; group B of 25 patients, 25/25 reached the active phase and 17/25 had vaginal resolution, we obtained a value of p > 0.05 (95%CI: 0.16-0.4). The time in labor hours: group A with an average of 17.11 hours and in group B of 12.44, p value < 0.05 (95%CI: 2.4-6.2 and 2.4-6.3). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of transcervical Foley catheter with oxytocin proved to be highly effective and safe for the induction of labor in patients with a previous caesarean section, significantly reducing labor time and increasing the frequency of patients who achieve an active dose of labor.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad de la inducción del trabajo de parto con sonda Foley en pacientes con embarazo a término, con cesárea previa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico, no controlado, efectuado en pacientes con embarazo de término que acudieron al servicio de Tococirugía de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención de Sonora, México, entre enero y agosto de 2017. Para el procedimiento de inducción se colocó una sonda Foley intracervical, insuflándose el globo con 30-40 cc de solución y ejerciendo tracción constante y lenta. Se estimó el tiempo de inicio de la inducción y se mantuvo en vigilancia constante a la madre y al feto. Se revaloró la escala de Bishop a las 6 h, considerándose efectiva la inducción con la obtención del puntaje ≥ 6. También se valoró la vía de finalización del embarazo. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 36 pacientes; en 34 de 36 pacientes la sonda Foley fue efectiva. En cuanto a paridad, 13 de 26 eran primigestas. La inducción con sonda Foley fue exitosa en 34 de 36 pacientes, con vía de finalización del embarazo mediante parto en 24 de 36 y cesárea en 12 de 36 mujeres. Del total de participantes, 10 de 36 tenían cesárea previa, culminando 6 de 10 por parto y 4 de 10 por cesárea. CONCLUSIONES: La inducción de trabajo de parto con sonda Foley es efectiva y representa una buena alternativa en pacientes con antecedente de cesárea previa.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of induction of labor with Foley catheter in patients with full term pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: uncontrolled clinical trial in patients carried out in patients with term pregnancy who attended the Toco-surgery service of a second-level care hospital in Sonora, Mexico, between January and August 2017. To procedure: insufflating the balloon with 30-40cc of solution and exerting constant and gentle traction. The induction start time was taken and constant monitoring of the binomial was maintained. Bishop's scale was re-evaluated at 6 o'clock, with induction considered effective, obtaining a score on the modified Bishop's scale ≥6. The route of termination of pregnancy was also valued. RESULTS: 36 patients were studied; The efficacy of induction with Foley catheter was reported in 34 of 36 patients (94%). For parity, 13/26 women were primigravite. Induction with Foley catheter was successful in 34 of 36 patients, with a route of termination of pregnancy through delivery in 24/36 and cesarean section in 12/36 women. Of the total number of participants, 10 of 36 had a previous caesarean section, culminating 6/10 per delivery and 4/10 by caesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: The induction of labor with Foley catheter is effective and is a good alternative when there is a history of a previous caesarean section.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: The rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) after pelvic reconstructive surgery ranges from 9 to 48% and the most common uropathogen is Escherichia coli (E. coli). The aim of the study is to identify the predominant uro-pathogen from urine cultures in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on women who underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery at a tertiary care center from July 2013 to June 2015. Data was collected from each postoperative visit to evaluate urinary tract symptoms, culture results and treatment in the 3-month postoperative interval. RESULTS: There were 880 cases reviewed (mean age of 59.6 years) during the study period. The most common organism in positive cultures was E. coli after surgery. The total UTI rate was 11.3%. Patients discharged with a Foley catheter had a UTI rate of 65.6% (p = 0.003). Diabetes, neurologic disease, tobacco use, recurrent UTIs and breast or gynecologic cancers had no significant association with UTI after surgery. CONCLUSION: The most common organism identified is E. coli. Almost 12% of patients will develop a UTI after pelvic reconstructive surgery. The results of this study can influence management of lower urinary tract symptoms in the postoperative period.

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ResumenLas prácticas del cuidado del embarazo y el parto varían ampliamente entre los países, las instituciones y los diferentes equipos encargados del cuidado obstétrico: en este contexto con prácticas tan diversas, la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia permite que el accionar de los profesionales encargados del cuidado obstétrico se fundamente en la mejor evidencia disponible. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la mejor evidencia científica disponible sobre los efectos adversos del uso del balón cervical durante y posterior a la labor de parto, en comparación con el uso de prostaglandinas endocervicales para la inducción del parto en mujeres con embarazo a término. La secuencia de etapas para la recolección de la información se inició con la aplicación del mapa de búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, PUBMED y COCHRANE LIBRARY, a partir de los siguientes criterios de filtro de información: artículos publicados entre los años 2010 al 2015, mujeres gestantes de cualquier edad, únicamente se incluyó estudios como ensayos aleatorizados controlados, revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis o guías de práctica clínica y de preferencia artículos científicos en idioma inglés o portugués. Esta búsqueda y análisis de la evidencia encontrada se realizó durante los meses de abril y mayo del año 2015 por dos revisores. Los resultados obtenidos para el análisis crítico fueron revisados minuciosamente a través de la plataforma informática FCL 2.0 con las plantillas de ensayo clínico y revisión sistemática incluidas en los anexos. Se concluye que la utilización del balón endocervical comparado con el uso de prostaglandinas endocervicales presenta menos efectos adversos de manera específica durante la labor del parto. En relación con los efectos adversos posteriores, no se encuentra mayor diferencia entre uno u otro método.

AbstractPregnancy and childbirth care practices vary widely across countries, institutions, and different obstetrical care teams: in this context with such diverse practices, evidence-based clinical practice allows the Obstetric care is based on the best available evidence. The objective of the present study is to analyze the best available scientific evidence on the adverse effects of cervical balloon use during and after labor, compared to the use of endocervical prostaglandins for induction of labor in women with term pregnancy. The sequence of steps for the collection of information was initiated with the application of the search map in the databases MEDLINE, PUBMED and COCHRANE LIBRARY, based on the following information filter criteria: articles published between the years 2010 to 2015, Pregnant women of any age, only included studies such as randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyzes or guidelines of clinical practice and preferably scientific papers in English or Portuguese. This search and analysis of the evidence found was carried out during the months of April and May of the year 2015 by two reviewers. The results obtained for the critical analysis were carefully reviewed through the FCL 2.0 computer platform with the clinical trial templates and systematic review included in the annexes. It is concluded that the use of the endocervical balloon compared to the use of endocervical prostaglandins presents less adverse effects specifically during labor. In relation to the subsequent adverse effects, no greater difference is found between one or the other method.

ResumoPráticas de cuidados a gravidez eo parto variam amplamente entre os países, instituições e diferentes equipas de cuidados obstétricos; neste contexto como práticas diversas, a prática clínica baseada em evidências permite que as ações dos profissionais responsáveis pela assistência obstétrica é baseada na melhor evidência disponível. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a melhor evidência científica disponível sobre os efeitos adversos durante e após o parto com o uso de bola cervical em comparação com o uso de prostaglandina endocervical para indução do parto em mulheres com gravidez a termo. A sequência dos passos para a recolha de dados começa com a busca do mapa aplicação em Medline, PubMed e os dados Cochrane Library, onde os seguintes critérios de filtro de informação artigos introduzidos foram seleccionados publicação período entre 2010 e 2015, a população foi delimitada a mulheres grávidas de qualquer idade, digite apenas ensaios estudos clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises ou diretrizes de prática clínica e artigos científicos de preferência em Inglês ou Português foram incluídos. Esta pesquisa e análise da evidência encontrada foi realizado durante os meses de Abril e Maio de 2015, dois colaboradores. Os resultados obtidos para a análise crítica foram cuidadosamente controlados através da plataforma FCL computador 2,0 modelos ensaio clínico e revisão sistemática estão incluídos nos anexos. Concluiu-se que o uso de bola endocervical em comparação com a utilização de prostaglandinas endocervicais tem menos efeitos adversos especificamente durante o trabalho de parto. Em ligação com os efeitos adversos subsequentes não é maior diferença entre qualquer um dos métodos.

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Objetivo. Comparar la efectividad de la sonda de Foley transcervical más oxitocina con oxitocina endovenosa sola, en la inducción del parto en embarazos a término. Diseño. Estudio de casos y controles. Institución. Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participantes. Embarazadas a término que asistieron para maduración cervical e inducción del parto asignadas al azar con sonda de Foley transcervical - oxitocina endovenosa (grupo A) u oxitocina endovenosa (grupo B). Principales medidas de resultado. Características generales, intervalo inicio de la inducción y el parto, tasa de parto vaginal, complicaciones maternas, variables perinatales y efectos adversos. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con relación a las características generales (p = ns). Las pacientes del grupo A presentaron un intervalo significativamente menor desde el inicio de la inducción hasta el parto comparado con las pacientes del grupo B (p < 0,05). No se hallaron diferencias significativas con relación a la tasa de partos vaginales entre los grupos (p = ns). No hubieron diferencias en los valores de Ápgar al minuto y a los 5 minutos entre los recién nacidos de ambos grupos (p = ns). El efecto adverso más común en ambos grupos fue náuseas, pero no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en la frecuencia de efectos adversos (p = ns). Conclusión. El uso sonda de Foley transcervical más oxitocina disminuye el intervalo entre el inicio de la inducción y el parto comparado con la oxitocina sola, con una incidencia similar de efectos adversos maternos y perinatales.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of transcervical Foley catheter - oxytocin with oxytocin alone for labor induction in term pregnancies. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participants: Pregnant women undergoing cervical ripening and labor induction were randomly assigned to be treated with transcervical Foley catheter - oxytocin (group A) or oxytocin alone (group B). Main outcome measures: General characteristics, interval between beginning of induction and delivery, vaginal birth rate, maternal complications, perinatal variables, and adverse effects were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in general characteristics (p = ns). Patients of group A showed a shorter interval between the beginning of induction and delivery compared with patients in group B (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in vaginal birth rate between groups (p = ns). Newborns of both groups had similar mean values of Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes (p = ns). The most common adverse effect in both groups was nausea, but there were no significant differences between groups in frequency of adverse effects (p = ns). Conclusions: Use of transcervical Foley catheter - oxytocin shortened the interval between beginning of induction and delivery compared with oxytocin alone, with similar incidence of maternal and perinatal adverse effects.

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O cateter uretral de longa permanência tem papel de destaque para pacientes com retenção urinária, com obstrução debexiga, com danos neurológicos e outras doenças. A urina contém sais minerais, que em pH alcalino se precipitam,cristalizam-se e bloqueiam o cateter urológico. A cristalização dos componentes iônicos da urina ocorre em presença de urease, enzima produzida por Proteus mirabilis. Esta bactéria tem a capacidade de aderir a superfícies inanimadas e formar biofilme. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a formação de biofilme cristalino na superfície luminal de cateter urológicode látex siliconizado, por meio de microscópio eletrônico de varredura, após a canalização de urina artificial infectada com Proteus mirabilis. O experimento foi realizado in vitro,em sistema de fluxo dinâmico. A urina artificial, composta de sais de cálcio, magnésio, fosfatos, uréia e albumina deovo, foi infectada com Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933. O fluxo da urina canalizada foi interrompido após a cristalização dos componentes iônicos. A cristalização foi observada após a alcalinização da urina. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura demonstrou a presença de cristais e morfologiastípicas de bacilos embutidos em massa amorfa. O presente estudo mostrou que a incrustação pode limitar o uso decateter urológico de longa permanência.

The indwelling urethral catheter has an important role for patients with urinary retention, bladder obstruction, neurological damage and other diseases. Urine contains minerals which precipitate in alkaline pH, crystallize and block the urological catheter. Thecrystallization of the ionic components of urine occurs in the presence of urease, an enzyme produced by Proteus mirabilis. This bacterium adheres to inanimate surfaces and forms biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of crystalline biofilm on the luminal surface of siliconized latex catheters by means of scanning electron microscope, after channeling artificialurine infected with Proteus mirabilis. The experiment was performed in vitro using a dynamic flow system. The artificial urine compounds were salts of calcium, magnesium, phosphates, urea and egg albumin, and it was infected with Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933. The urine flow was stopped after crystallization of the ionic components. Crystallization was observed afteralkalinization of urine. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of crystals and morphologies typical of bacilli embedded in an amorphous mass on the internal lumen of the catheter. Thepresent study showed that catheter encrustation may limit the use of long-term indwelling catheter.

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