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Background: Several studies focused on the escalating prevalence of Problematic Use of Internet (PUI) and its consequential impact on mental health globally. This study investigates the relationship between PUI and associated psychological variables across different cultural contexts in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru. Method: A total of 675 participants, aged 18 to 54 (M = 22.73; SD = 4.05), completed measures assessing Internet addiction, social media addiction, Fear of Missing Out, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Phubbing. Results: Significant cultural variations were found, with Italian participants showing higher levels of Internet addiction but lower levels of social media addiction compared to other countries. Fear of Missing Out was higher in Italy, while the Italian sample exhibited lower Internet Gaming Disorder levels compared to Peru. As regards the communication disturbance caused by Phubbing, the Italian sample demonstrated significantly higher scores than the Peruvian sample. Linear regression analyses revealed distinct predictors for problematic Internet use in each country, emphasizing the importance of considering the cultural context in understanding this phenomenon. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of cultural factors, psychological variables, and problematic Internet use, guiding future research and interventions.
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BACKGROUND: There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. METHODS: This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey = 506, Denmark = 501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. RESULTS: The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. CONCLUSION: The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied.
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El presente trabajo se propone examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación al contexto argentino de la escala de fear of missing out (FoMO, miedo a perderse algo) en una muestra compuesta por residentes del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba, Argentina). La escala permite medir un único factor que establece el grado en que las personas se encuentran pendientes de las actividades ajenas en comparación con las propias. Del estudio participaron 416 personas con edades entre 18 y 66 años (M = 28.82) y de diferentes géneros (hombres = 25 %; mujeres = 75 %). Los análisis confirmatorios arrojaron valores superiores a 0.90 para los índices ifi, nnfi y cfi, y para el rmsea, valores inferiores a 0.08. La consistencia interna evaluada a partir de los estadísticos alfa ordinal y omega de McDonald fue aceptable (α = 0.77; ω = 0.99). La evidencia de validez externa de la escala demostró asociaciones significativas con la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (rses), de manera consistente con estudios previos.
The present study examines the evidence of validity and reliability of the Argentine version of the fear of missing out (FoMO) scale in a sample of residents in the Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba) (Argentina). The scale consists in a single factor that allows us to measure the degree to which people are aware of other people's activities compared with their own experiences. This study involved 416 individuals with ages between 18 and 66 years (M = 28.82) and of different genders (Male = 25 %; Female = 75 %). The confirmatory factor analysis yielded values higher than 0.90 for the ifi, nnfi, and cfi indices and the rmseavalues lower than 0.08, figures considered as adequateadjustment indicators. The internal consistency was evaluated from Cronbach's Alpha and the McDonald's Omega statistic, obtaining acceptable figures (α = 0.77; ω = 0.99). The external validity analysis showed sig-nificant associations with the Rosenberg self-esteemscale, following previous studies
Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as proprieda-des psicométricas da adaptação ao contexto argentino da escala fear of missing out (FoMO, medo de perder alguma coisa) em uma amostra composta por residen-tes da Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (rmba) (Argentina). A escala permite medir um único fator que estabelece o grau de conhecimento das pessoas sobre as atividades dos outros em comparação com as suas próprias. Participaram do estudo 416 pessoas com idades entre 18 e 66 anos (M = 28.82) e de diferentes gêneros (homens = 25 %; mulheres = 75 %). As aná-lises confirmatórias produziram valores superiores a 0.90 para os índices ifi, nnfi e cfi e valores inferiores a 0.08 para o rmsea. A consistência interna avaliada pelas estatísticas alfa e ômega ordinal de McDonald foram aceitáveis (α = 0.77; ω = 0.99). Evidências de validade externa da escala demonstraram associações significativas com a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (rses), consistentes com estudos anteriores
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HumanosRESUMO
In recent years, the increased use of mobile devices has changed social dynamics. One such change is the rise of phubbing, described as the behavior of ignoring someone in order to pay attention to one's cell phone. The purpose of this research was to validate the Perceived Phubbing Scale (PPS) and examine its relationship with other psychological variables. An Argentine sample was composed of 1608 participants aged between 18 and 65 (M = 45.59; SD 14.03), with 51.6% identifying as female. They were provided with a phubbing scale, along with scales to measure emotional disconnection, fear of missing out (FoMO) and social exclusion, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicated that the PPS showed an adequate fit to the data, based on a structure of one factor (X2(20) = 259.353, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.958; IFI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.089) and the internal consistency (α = 0.93), resulting in a nine-item scale. Participants with high or medium levels of phubbing showed a tendency to suffer FoMO or feel socially excluded or socially isolated. We did not find differences in the levels of phubbing related to the participant's age, gender, or socioeconomic level. It is possible to conclude that PPS can be used as a reliable measure to evaluate perceived phubbing in Argentina. Implications of the variables studied are discussed as possible predictors of phubbing and are to be considered in its approach.
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In recent years, the rise of social networks has changed relationships and lifestyles around the world. This has led to the emergence of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which consists of the need to constantly check social media and the anguish that comes from feeling a lack of rewarding experiences. The impact derived from the use of technologies in a digital environment has been widely studied in young people but not so much in older adults. The main aim of this study was to analyze FoMO levels in older adults and their relationships with sociodemographic and formative factors. Another aim of this study was to analyze whether the dimensions of emotional intelligence, the different forms of attachment and psychological symptomatology affect the FoMO levels of older adults. A total of 690 older adults from Argentina aged between 60 and 90 years (M = 69.01; SD = 5.48) participated, 54.5% of whom were women, responding using a geolocated online questionnaire. The main results confirmed that older people show FoMO levels similar to other general samples. In addition, results show several predictor variables with respect to FoMO: emotional attention, insecure attachment, depression and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. The implications of the results observed in older adults are discussed.
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Abstract Background There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. Objective This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. Methods This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey =506, Denmark =501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. Results The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. Conclusion The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether fear of missing out (FoMO) mediate relations between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction among undergraduates. The participants involved 323 undergraduates (female, 66.3%; male, 33.7%). The age of participants ranged between 18 and 32 years (M = 21.52, SD = 2.69). The study data was gathered using the Fear of Missing out Scale, the Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectation Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The research data were analyzed using the structural equation model and bootstrapping method. As a result of the structural equation model, FoMO mediates the relationship between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction. As a result of the bootstrapping analysis, it was seen that all direct and indirect effects are significant. The results, recommendations, and limitations of the study were discussed.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether fear of missing out (FoMO) mediate relations between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction among undergraduates. The participants involved 323 undergraduates (female, 66.3%; male, 33.7%). The age of participants ranged between 18 and 32 years ( M = 21.52, SD = 2.69). The study data was gathered using the Fear of Missing out Scale, the Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectation Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The research data were analyzed using the structural equation model and bootstrapping method. As a result of the structural equation model, FoMO mediates the relationship between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction. As a result of the bootstrapping analysis, it was seen that all direct and indirect effects are significant. The results, recommendations, and limitations of the study were discussed.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Satisfação Pessoal , Autoeficácia , Medo/psicologia , Mídias Sociais , Estudantes , Turquia , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo explanar sobre FoMO, ansiedade e mídias sociais, identificando categorias e variáveis envolvidas nesse contexto por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura do tipo exploratória, nos respectivos bancos de dados: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Lilacs, sendo utilizados, apenas, artigos empíricos publicados em língua portuguesa e inglesa dos últimos (10) dez anos. Conclui-se, assim, com bases nas bases utilizados nessa pesquisa, a partir de dados oficiais, que a personalidade é entendida como preditora do engajamento e uso problemático das mídias sociais, além disso, constata-se que a associação com o FoMO é direta, visto que tais traços provocarão a necessidade dos indivíduos de permanecer online e conectados, independentemente de qualquer custo ou consequência, gerando, desta forma, ansiedade.
Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo explicar sobre FoMO, ansiedad y medios sociales, identificando categorías y variables involucradas en ese contexto por medio de una revisión sistemática de literatura del tipo exploratoria, en los respectivos bancos de datos: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO y PsycINFO lilas y de segunda mano, solamente los artículos empíricos publicados en portugués e inglés los últimos diez (10) años. Se concluye, así, con bases en las bases utilizadas en esa investigación, a partir de datos oficiales, que la personalidad es entendida como predictora del compromiso y uso problemático de los medios sociales, además, se constata que la asociación con el FoMO es directa , ya que tales rasgos provocarán la necesidad de los individuos de permanecer conectados y conectados, independientemente de cualquier costo o consecuencia, generando así ansiedad
Abstract: The present work aims to explain FoMO, anxiety and social media, identifying categories and related variables through a systematic review of exploratory literature in the respective databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Lilacs, using only empirical articles published in Portuguese and English in the last 10 years. It is concluded, based on the databases used in this research, that the personality is understood as a predictor of the engagement and problematic use of social media, in addition, it is verified that the association with the FoMO is direct, since such traits provoke a need of the individuals to remain online and connected, independently of any cost or consequence, generating anxiety.