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Salt marshes pose challenges for the birds that inhabit them, including high rates of nest flooding, tipping, and predation. The impacts of rising sea levels and invasive species further exacerbate these challenges. To assess the urgency of conservation and adequacy of new actions, researchers and wildlife managers may use population viability analyses (PVAs) to identify population trends and major threats. We conducted PVA for Formicivora acutirostris, which is a threatened neotropical bird species endemic to salt marshes. We studied the species' demography in different sectors of an estuary in southern Brazil from 2006 to 2023 and estimated the sex ratio, longevity, productivity, first-year survival, and mortality rates. For a 133-year period, starting in 1990, we modeled four scenarios: (1) pessimistic and (2) optimistic scenarios, including the worst and best values for the parameters; (3) a baseline scenario, with intermediate values; and (4) scenarios under conservation management, with increased recruitment and/or habitat preservation. Projections indicated population decline for all assessment scenarios, with a 100% probability of extinction by 2054 in the pessimistic scenario and no extinction in the optimistic scenario. The conservation scenarios indicated population stability with 16% improvement in productivity, 10% improvement in first-year survival, and stable carrying capacity. The disjunct distribution of the species, with remnants concentrated in a broad interface with arboreal habitats, may seal the population decline by increasing nest predation. The species should be considered conservation dependent, and we recommend assisted colonization, predator control, habitat recovery, and ex situ conservation.

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ABSTRACT The expansion of higher education is associated with the progressive diversification of student's profiles, such as the increasing number of older, working and female students. The transition to higher education poses challenges for students entering it, generating expectations that can impact academic adaptation. This study compared academic expectations by gender and work situation in two cohorts of first-year students from a Brazilian public university, involving 13,336 participants. The Brazilian Scale of Academic Expectations for First-Year University Students was administered. Non-working and female students had higher academic expectations in both cohorts. The findings provide subsidies to higher education institutions to develop support programs and policies targeting first-year students.

RESUMO A expansão da educação superior está associada à progressiva diversificação dos perfis discentes, tais como aumento do número de estudantes mais velhos, trabalhadores e mulheres. A transição para o ensino superior comporta desafios para os estudantes que nele ingressam, gerando expectativas que podem impactar a adaptação acadêmica. Este estudo comparou as expectativas acadêmicas por gênero e situação de trabalho em dois coortes de estudantes ingressantes em uma universidade pública brasileira, envolvendo 13.336 participantes. Utilizou-se a Escala Brasileira de Expectativas Acadêmicas para Estudantes Ingressantes na Educação Superior. Estudantes mulheres e não trabalhadores apresentaram maiores expectativas acadêmicas em ambas as coortes. Os resultados fornecem subsídios às instituições de ensino superior para desenvolvimento de programas de apoio e políticas voltadas aos estudantes ingressantes.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la estimulación temprana favorece el desarrollo del bebé y tiene importantes beneficios. Objetivo: diseñar una intervención educativa sobre la estimulación temprana durante el período de gestación y hasta el primer año de vida, a gestantes pertenecientes al Hogar Materno del municipio Consolación del Sur. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de intervención educativa, con una muestra constituida por 20 gestantes, a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico de manera intencional. Se tuvieron en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: la mayoría de las gestantes se encontraban entre 14 y 18 años; el 50 % pertenecían al nivel de escolaridad secundario. Antes de la intervención predominó un nivel de conocimiento bajo en el 50 % de ellas, y luego de la misma el 90 % de las gestantes presentaron un nivel de conocimiento alto. Conclusiones: con la implementación de la intervención educativa propuesta se logró incrementar los conocimientos sobre la estimulación temprana en las gestantes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: early stimulation favors baby development and has important benefits. Objective: to design an educational intervention on early stimulation during the pregnancy period and up to the first year of life to pregnant woman belonging to the Maternal Home of Consolación del Sur municipality. Materials and methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out in a sample formed by 20 pregnant women, from an intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. Results: most of the pregnant women were aged between 14 and 18 years; 50 % had a secondary school scholarship. Before the intervention, a low level of knowledge prevailed in 50 % of them, and then 90 % of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge. Conclusions: with the implementation of the proposed educational intervention, an increase of knowledge on early stimulation in pregnant women was achieved.

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Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar factores de salud percibida y de calidad de vida en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad privada en Colombia. Para esto, se contó con una muestra por conveniencia de 636 estudiantes (M = 18 años, DE = 1.38) que participó en la primera medición de una investigación longitudinal denominada VIDA2020. En particular, se realizó un diseño de investigación observacional transversal, enmarcado en una investigación de cohorte. Del protocolo de evaluación del proyecto, este reporte incluye un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos y antecedentes médicos, las subescalas de depresión y estrés del DASS-21, un ítem del SF36V-2 y el WHOQOL-BREF. En general, como resultado se encontró que el 91 % de los estudiantes valora su salud global como buena o excelente; que dicha valoración es significativamente menor en quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad (80.5 %) y síntomas de depresión (86.1 %) y estrés (83.1 %); que las mujeres, los migrantes y quienes reportan antecedentes de enfermedad puntúan menor calidad de vida física, psicológica y ambiental; y que el estrés y la depresión predicen menores puntajes de calidad de vida física y psicológica, con correlaciones más fuertes en comparación con las variables demográficas y médicas. Estos hallazgos permiten identificar y priorizar las necesidades especiales en salud de los nuevos estudiantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify factors of perceived health and quality of life in first semester students of a private university in Colombia. For this purpose, a convenience sample of 636 students (M= 18 years, SD.=1.38) participated in this first phase of the longitudinal study called VIDA2020. An observational cross-sectional research design framed within a cohort study was used. From the assessment protocol of the project, this report includes a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and medical history, the DASS-21 depression and stress subscales, one item of the SF36V-2, and the WHOQOL-BREF. Results showed that most students (91%) rated their overall health as good or excellent, but this rating was significantly lower in those reporting a history of illness in their medical background (80.5%) and symptoms of depression (86.1%) and stress (83.1%). Women, migrants and those reporting a history of illness scored lower on physical, psychological and environmental dimensions of quality of life. Additionally, stress and depression predict lower physical and psychological quality of life scores, with stronger correlations compared to sociodemographic and medical variables. These findings allow the identification and prioritization of special health needs of new students.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in iron status indicators at 6 and 12 months of age, controlling by inflammation by measuring alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP). This longitudinal study included 48 healthy-term singleton infants with birth weight ≥ 2500 g, born in hospitals of the Mexican Institute for Social Security. Complete blood count, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, and AGP were measured in blood at 6 and 12 months of age. sTfR/ferritin ratio and total body iron (TBI) stores were calculated. Hemoglobin and sTfR/ferritin ratio increased with age, while ferritin and TBI decreased. In infants without inflammation, hepcidin, sTfR, and MVC did not show significant changes from 6 to 12 months of age, while ferritin and TBI decreased. In infants with inflammation, hepcidin, TBI, and ferritin levels increased, while hemoglobin and sTfR/ferritin ratio decreased. MVC and sTfR did not change significantly in the presence or absence of inflammation. Hepcidin concentration correlated positively and significantly with ferritin and TBI stores and showed significant negative correlation with sTfR/ferritin ratio. Our study showed that, in absence of inflammation and ID, during the first year of life, physiological changes occur in hemoglobin and ferritin levels as well as in indicators derived from ferritin and sTfR; in contrast, hepcidin and sTfR did not show significant change. However, hepcidin concentration was lower in infants with ID and was higher when inflammation was present, supporting that infants have a functional hepcidin response to changes in iron stores.

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Many experimental thermochemical laboratories require monitoring temperatures during a reaction or physical procedure. Nowadays, there are many alternatives to fulfill this requirement; however, they are expensive for basic scholars and first-year undergraduates. In this paper, we describe an inexpensive and useful data acquisition device developed with the open-source Arduino software. In this work, we presented a methodology for easy calorimeter construction based in Arduino data acquisition device for introductory chemical laboratories, we used an LM35 transistor as a temperature sensor connected to an Arduino UNO microcontroller for temperature sensing and an aquarium air pump for agitation of reaction system. Besides, the hardware required for implementation is explained in detail. The device was built using the (DIY) do-it -yourself method, and the complete system had a total cost under $40. We showed details of all components for data acquisition construction. Finally, we tested the device in order to determine the exothermic dissolution heat (ΔH) for NaOH in water.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os elementos que constituem o processo de socialização docente de professores de Educação Física iniciantes na carreira docente. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa etnográfica com dois professores de Educação Física, em duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre/RS. Utilizamos como instrumentos de obtenção de informações o diário de campo e a entrevista semiestruturada. Neste estudo, compreendemos a socialização docente como um processo, constituída por uma tríade: identidades, cultura escolar e subjetividades. Compreendemos também que a socialização docente é um fenômeno complexo, não linear e que se constrói em momentos de individualização e em momentos de coletividade, de forma dialética. Estudar esse processo significou compreender os tempos e espaços de cada sujeito envolvido e, ainda, o seu meio social.

The present work aimed to investigate the educational process of Physical Education (PE) teacher socialization in first years of education. An ethnographic study was conducted. Two PE teachers from public schools of Porto Alegre/RS were investigated. We observed that PE teachers goes through a socialization process where a triad appears: identities, school culture and subjectivities. We also understand that teacher socialization is a complex, non-linear phenomenon that is constructed in moments of individualization and in collective moments, in a dialectical way. Studying this process meant understanding the times and spaces of each subject involved and, also, their social environment

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los elementos que constituyen el proceso de socialización docente de profesores de Educación Física principiantes en la carrera docente. Para eso, se ha realizada una investigación etnográfica con dos profesores de Educación Física en dos escuelas de la Red de Enseñanza del Ayuntamiento de Porto Alegre/RS. En este estudio se comprende la socialización como un proceso, constituida por una tríada: identidades, cultura escolar y subjetividades. Comprendemos también que la socialización docente es un fenómeno complejo, no lineal y que se construye en momentos de individualización y en momentos de colectividad, de forma dialéctica. Estudiar ese proceso significó comprender los tiempos y espacios de cada sujeto involucrado y, aún, su medio social.

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O abandono no Ensino Superior é um tema relevante pela sua incidência e consequências negativas no estudante, família, instituição e sociedade em geral. Procurando conhecer os motivos da intenção de abandono, investigadores do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal convergiram na construção de um questionário de avaliação transcultural. Atendendo à multidimensionalidade das causas de abandono, o questionário abarca seis dimensões: Social, Acadêmica, Professores, Saúde e Bem-estar, Institucional e Financeira. A análise fatorial, com amostras autônomas de estudantes do 1º ano do Brasil, Espanha e Portugal, mostrou uma distribuição adequada dos itens nas seis dimensões, com alguma discrepância na dimensão Professores na amostra do Brasil. Os índices de consistência interna atingiram níveis adequados nas seis dimensões (valores entre 0,74 e 0,91). Futuros desenvolvimentos devem testar a dimensionalidade do questionário e a sua invariância nos três países, incluindo já variáveis psicológicas e académicas para análise da validade de critério. (AU)

The dropout in higher education assumes relevant percentages, with negative consequences for the students, family, institution and society in general. In order to know the reasons for the dropout intention, researchers from Brazil, Spain and Portugal converged on the construction of a transcultural questionnaire. Face the multidimensional nature of dropout causes, the questionnaire assesses six dimensions: Social, Academic, Faculty, Health and Wellbeing, Institutional, and Financial. The factorial analysis, with autonomous samples of first-year students from Brazil, Spain and Portugal, showed an adequate distribution of the items by the six dimensions, with some difficulties in Faculty dimension in Brazilian sample. The internal consistency of items reached adequate levels in those six dimensions (values range from .74 to .91). Future developments should test the dimensionality of the questionnaire and its invariance in all three countries, including other psychological and academic variables for criterion validity analysis. (AU)

El abandono en la enseñanza superior es un tema relevante por su incidencia y por sus consecuencias negativas a nivel personal, familiar, institucional y social. En búsqueda de conocer las razones de intención de abandono, investigadores de Brasil, España y Portugal participaron en la construcción de un cuestionario de evaluación transcultural. Dicho instrumento, de naturaleza multidimensional, se organiza en seis dimensiones: Social, Académica, Profesorado, Salud y Bienestar, Institucional y Financiera. El análisis factorial, con muestras independientes de los estudiantes del primer año de Brasil, España y Portugal, mostró una distribución adecuada de los ítems en las seis dimensiones, con alguna discrepancia en la dimensión Profesorado en la muestra brasileña. Los índices de consistencia interna alcanzaron niveles adecuados (valores entre .74 y .91), si bien que se debe realizar nuevos estudios para probar la dimensionalidad del cuestionario y su invariancia en los tres países, incluyendo las variables psicológicas y académicas para analizar la validez de criterio. (AU)

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Abstract We examined Colombian people's determinants of willingness to forgive. A sample of 104 adults was presented with 24 scenarios depicting a situation in which a medical error resulted in severe consequences for a patient. Four factors were manipulated in the scenarios: (a) the severity of consequences of the error (e.g., extremely severe, including the risk of death), (b) the degree of negligence associated with the physician's act, (c) apologies or contrition for the act from the physician (e.g., direct apologies at the bed of the patient), and (d) the patient's current health status (e.g., consequences fully canceled). Through cluster analysis, four qualitatively different positions were found: (a) never forgive, irrespective of circumstances (15% of the sample), (b) depends on the circumstances of the offense (55%), (c) almost always forgive (24%), and (d) undetermined (5%). As regards forgiveness, therefore, Colombians' views and practices were similar to people from other cultures' ones. If most participants in previous studies on Colombians' willingness to forgive expressed extreme positions -- either never forgive or always forgive, irrespective of circumstances, it was because they deliberately wished to express strong opinions regarding the proper treatment that, in their view, the violent people depicted in the scenarios - paramilitary, guerillas, and members of drug cartels - deserved.

Resumen Hemos examinado los determinantes del perdón en una muestra de 104 adultos colombianos, utilizando una técnica de escenarios. Cada escenario describía una situación de error médico que tuvo consecuencias graves para el paciente. Los factores manipulados en los escenarios eran: (a) la gravedad de las consecuencias (e.g., muy grave incluyendo el riesgo de muerte), (b) el nivel de negligencia por parte del médico, (c) la presencia de excusas o contrición por parte del médico (e.g., excusas personales frente al paciente en su cama del hospital), y (d) el estado de salud presente (e.g., el paciente ha vuelto a casa y las consecuencias han desaparecidas). A través de un análisis en clústeres, cuatro posiciones, cualitativamente distintas, fueron encontradas: (a) jamás perdonar, independientemente de las circunstancias (15% de la muestra), (b) depende de las circunstancias del daño ocurrido (55%), (c) casi siempre perdonar (24%), y (d) no sé (5%). En relación con el perdón entonces, los colombianos no difieren de las otras personas que pertenecen a otras culturas. Si en los estudios previos, la voluntad de los colombianos a personar ha sido tan escasa, esto se debe al contexto de posconflicto de estos estudios.

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Resumen Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre expectativas académicas de estudiantes universitarios de primer año de Enseñanza Superior (ES) pertenecientes al norte de Portugal y noroeste de España. Su objetivo es replicar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento utilizado obtenidas con una versión anterior del mismo. La muestra está integrada por 1.268 estudiantes de primer año de ES con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 52 años (Mdn = 18, siendo de más de 23 años el 7.4%). Proceden de la región noroeste de España 413 estudiantes (Galicia, Universidad de Vigo) y 855 de la región norte de Portugal (Minho, Universidade do Minho). El 58.1% del total de la muestra son mujeres. Por ámbito de estudio, el 58.4% cursa titulaciones del ámbito científico-tecnológico y los demás del ámbito jurídico-social. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas-Expectativas (CPA-E), estructurado en siete dimensiones: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación político/ciudadana, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. La invarianza del modelo factorial oblicuo del CPA-E fue testada con el LISREL 8.80 mediante el método bivariado latente normal y la estimación de máxima verosimilitud, con la corrección de Satorra y Bentler (1994). Todos los ítems representaron bien a sus respectivos factores y los factores mostraron una buena validez y fiabilidad para los países y el género. Se obtuvo, por tanto, invarianza factorial del modelo para los países y el género. Se asume una versión final del cuestionario común para España y Portugal, así como para mujeres y hombres.

Abstract We present the results of a study conducted with first-year students from the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal, with the aim of replicating the psychometric properties of the instrument as obtained from a prior version. Participants included 1268 first-year students with ages ranging from 17 to 52 years (Mdn = 18; 7.4% with ages above 23 years). Four-hundred and thirteen students are from the North Spanish region (Galicia, University of Minho) and 855 are from the North Portuguese region (Minho, University of Minho), and 58.1% of the students are women. Students are enrolled in scientific-technological courses (58.4%) and juridical-social studies. We administered the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire- Expectations (APQ-E), which is structured in seven dimensions: Training for career development, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political engagement and citizenship, Social pressure, Training quality, and Social interaction. The invariance of the factorial model of the APQ-E was tested with LISREL 8.80, based on a bivariate latent model and maximum likelihood estimation, with Satorra and Bentler correction (1994). All items contributed to the representation of the factors, and the factors showed good validity and reliability for country and gender. Therefore, we obtained factorial invariance of the measurement model for country and gender. We present the final version of the common questionnaire for Portugal and Spain, and for women and men.

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Introducción: La lactancia materna es recomendada como fuente de alimentación optima para los primeros meses de vida. En nuestro Servicio hemos recibido un grupo particular de niños alimentados con lactancia materna exclusiva, que muestran aumento excesivo de peso desde el primer semestre de vida. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de un grupo de lactantes menores de un año, con aumento excesivo de peso y alimentación con lactancia materna. Población y métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal. Incluimos todos los niños menores de un año derivados al servicio de Nutrición entre 2003 y 2015, con lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses, persistencia de la misma al momento de la evaluación y peso- edad mayor a 2 desvíos estándar (DS). Describimos características clínicas y de laboratorio de los lactantes y sus madres, así como el patrón alimentario que pudiera explicar esta inusual ganancia de peso. Resultados: incluimos 73 lactantes, 63% niñas. El 64% tenía peso-talla mayor a 2DS a los 3 meses de vida y el 100% a los 6 meses. No se pudo establecer patrón hambresaciedad. El 44% de las madres aumentó más de 18 kilogramos durante el embarazo. Las niñas nacidas de las madres que habían aumentado más de 18 Kg fueron significativamente más grandes al nacer. En el 14% de los lactantes se encontró alguna enfermedad de base. De toda la muestra, el 75% presentó anemia y el 14.5% hipotiroidismo. Conclusiones: describimos un grupo de lactantes con aumento excesivo de peso desde los primeros 3 meses de vida que se mantiene durante toda la etapa de lactancia materna. Diferentes factores como relación madre-hijo, patrón alimentario, composición de la leche humana, predisposición genética; podrían haber contribuido con este patrón de crecimiento.(AU)

Introduction: Maternal breastfeeding is recommended as the best source of nutrition in the first months of life. At our Department we have seen a group of exclusively breastfed children who showed excessive weight since the first semester of life. Objective: To describe the clinical features of a group of infants under one year of age with excessive weight gain while being breast-fed. Population and methods: A prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted. We included all infants under one year of age who were referred to the Department of Nutrition between 2003 and 2015, who were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life and were still being breastfed at the moment of the evaluation, and who had a weight-for-age of more than 2 standard deviation (SD). We describe the clinical and laboratory features of the infants and their mothers, as well as feeding patterns that may explain this unusual weight gain. Results: We included 73 infants, 63% girls. Overall, 64% had a weight-for-height greater than 2 SD at 3 months of life and 100% at 6 months of life. No hunger-satiety pattern could be established. Of the mothers, 44% gained more than 18 kg during the pregnancy. The girls born from mothers who had increased more than 18 Kg were significantly larger at birth. In 14% of the infants, an underlying disease was found. Of all the infants in the sample, 75% had anemia and 14.5% hypothyroidism. Conclusions: We describe a group of infants with excessive weight gain in the first 3 months of life which was maintained throughout the maternal breastfeeding period. Different factors, such as the motherchild relationship, feeding pattern, human milk composition, and genetic predisposition may have contributed to this particular growth pattern. (AU)

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O texto visa delinear algumas questões e princípios para uma fenomenologia do infans enquanto é pré-falante, fase que inclui a vida intrauterina do feto e do bebê no primeiro ano de vida antes da aquisição da fala. O corpo é visto como fonte da materialidade vivida de sentido em vários níveis onde a relação de sentido com mundo é desdobrada. A apropriação de sentido começa remotamente na primeira síntese integradora que caracteriza a passagem do embrião á vida fetal com a formação do sistema nervoso central e dos sentidos corpóreos. A origem da formação do m=undo horizonte de sentidos, acontece antes do nascimento e os trabalhos da ciência e da fenomenologia ganham ambas nesse diálogo.

The text aims to delineate some questions and principles for a phenomenology of the infans as a pre-speaker child, a phase that includes the intrauterine life of the fetus and the newborn in the first year of life before speech acquisition. The body is seen as the source of living materiality of meaning on several levels and where the relation of meaning to the world is unfolded. The appropriation of meaning begins remotely in the first integrative synthesis that characterizes the passage from the embryo to the fetal life through the formation of the central nervous system and the bodily senses. The origin and the formation of the world horizon of meanings has it locus before birth; works of biosciences and phenomenology are put together in dialogue.

El texto pretende esbozar algunas cuestiones y principios para una fenomenología del infans en tanto que pre-hablante, fase que incluye la vida intrauterina del feto y el bebé durante el primer año de vida antes de la adquisición del habla. El cuerpo es visto como una fuente de materialidad viviente de sentido en muchos niveles donde se despliega el sentido de la relación con el mundo. La apropiación del sentido comienza remotamente en la primera síntesis integradora que caracteriza el paso del embrión a la vida fetal con la formación del sistema nervioso central y los sentidos corporales. El origen de la formación del horizonte mundo de sentido ocurre antes del nacimiento; en eso los trabajos de la biocientíficos y la fenomenología pueden dialogar.

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El propósito de este artículo es presentar un balance bibliográfico del estudio de las relaciones afectivas en el primer año de vida a partir del análisis cualitativo de artículos teóricos e investigativos publicados durante las cuatro últimas décadas. La selección de artículos adopta como criterio el índice de citación que denota relevancia y amplia circulación de los postulados teóricos-metodológicos en este campo de conocimiento. Las reseñas de los artículos se sistematizan en una rejilla descriptiva que permite identificar los elementos constitutivos de una publicación y la consistencia interna de la conceptualización. Las reseñas de los artículos investigativos incluyen la revisión del diseño, las técnicas de recolección de información y las unidades analíticas que utilizan los investigadores. El análisis cualitativo de las reseñas sistematizadas establece algunas polaridades que estructuran las publicaciones: innato - adquirido; endógeno - exógeno; desarrollo de dominio general - desarrollo de dominio específico; cambios macro - cambios micro. En términos metodológicos, diseños experimentales - diseños situacionales en contextos culturales específicos; modelos de análisis de relaciones causales directas - modelos de análisis de relaciones múltiples. Simultáneamente, estas polaridades definen cuatro perspectivas que sintetizan las afinidades teóricas y metodológicas de las publicaciones: innatistas, ecológico-contextual, interaccionista y de los Sistemas Dinámicos No Lineales (SDNL). En la discusión presentamos la matriz de pensamiento psicológico y las concepciones de desarrollo que están implícitas en cada una de las perspectivas. Por último, en las conclusiones destacamos la búsqueda de algunos investigadores por modelos de análisis que establezcan diálogos de fronteras entre perspectivas para superar las polaridades con el propósito de comprender la complejidad de las relaciones afectivas en el primer año de vida. En este esfuerzo surgen los estudios de los SDNL para explicar la emergencia de la novedad en el desarrollo afectivo-cognitivo del niño a partir de los eventos de reorganización en el interior de los sistemas diádicos.

The aim of this article is to present a bibliographic review of the study of affective relationships in the first year of life based on qualitative analysis of theoretical and investigative articles published during the last four decades. The articles' selection adopts as a criterion the index of citation that denotesrelevance and wide circulation of the theoretical and methodological postulates in this field of knowledge. The reviews of the articles are systematized in a descriptive grid that allows to identify the constituent elements of a publication and the internal consistency of the conceptualization. Reviews of investigative articles include the design review, data collection techniques, and analytical units used by researchers. The qualitative analysis of systematized reviews, establishes some polarities that structure publications: innate - acquired; Endogenous - exogenous; General domain development - specific domain development; Macro changes - micro changes. In methodological terms, experimental designs - situational designs in specific cultural contexts; direct causal relationship analysis models - multiple relationship analysis models. Simultaneously, these polarities define four perspectives that synthesize the theoretical and methodological affinities of the publications: innatist, ecological-contextual, interactionist and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems (SDNL). In the discussion, we present the matrix of psychological thinking and the conceptions of development that are implicit in each one of the perspectives. Finally, in the conclusions we highlight the researchers' search for models of analysis that establish border dialogues between perspectives to overcome the polarities to understand the complexity of affective relationships in the first year of life. In this effort arise the studies of SDNL to explain the emergence of novelty in the affective-cognitive development of the child from the events of reorganization within the dyadic systems.

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La relación entre el cuidado materno (sensibilidad) y la seguridad del apego del niño (conducta de base segura) ha sido corroborada en diferentes contextos y edades. Sin embargo, existe ausencia de estudios que la hayan estudiado antes del primer año de vida. La presente investigación analizó esta relación en un grupo de 32 madres peruanas de 19 a 44 años de nivel socioeconómico bajo y sus hijos de 8 a 10 meses. La sensibilidad fue evaluada a través del Q-sort del Comportamiento Materno (MBQS) (Pederson & Moran, 1995) y la seguridad del apego mediante el Q-sort del Apego (Waters, 1995). Los resultados muestran que existe una relación directa y significativa entre ambas y que las separaciones físicas juegan un rol importante en esta relación.

Sensitivity hypothesis has been corroborated in different contexts and children ages; however, there is lack of studies that have analyzed it in the first year of life. The present study related maternal sensitivity and child secure base behavior in a group of 32 Peruvian mothers of low income families. Mothers were 19 to 44 years old and their children were between 8 and 10 months old. Mother's sensitivity was assessed using the Q-sort Maternal Behavior (Pederson & Moran, 1995) and child secure base behavior through the Attachment Q-sort (Waters, 1995). Results indicated a significant and direct relationship between two constructs and that early mother-infant physical separations play an important role in this relationship.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use and misuse is widespread among university students in many countries. Specific cultural factors may impact alcohol use after entering university. OBJECTIVE: This paper considers changes in alcohol use among first year university students in Mexico. METHODS: A qualitative study using ethnographic interviews with 57 female and 60 male student drinkers in Mexico City from March to June 2011. Each interview was evaluated by a set of thematic codes developed inductively from the interviews. Findings from excessive, heavy, regular, occasional drinkers, abstainers, and non-drinkers were analyzed to explore whether or not linkages existed between and/or among particular themes. RESULTS: Students reported factors associated with changes in role and status, friendships, and increased autonomy as reasons for increasing or decreasing their alcohol use after entering university. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Understanding the influence of Mexican cultural norms on alcohol use among Mexican and Mexican Americans can be helpful in informing studies and preventive efforts among both Mexican and Mexican American young people.

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RESUMO

Visando contribuir para o estudo do desenvolvimento infantil, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a manifestação de sintomas de estresse em alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental - EF, de sete escolas públicas, tendo em conta o sexo e a escola frequentada. Com metodologia transversal, contou com 100 meninos e 86 meninas, alunos do 1º ano do EF, que responderam à Escala de Stress Infantil. Nos resultados, mais de 50% das crianças mostraram sintomas de estresse. Meninos apresentaram significativamente mais Reações Psicofisiológicas. Diferenças entre escolas foram pontuais. O elevado percentual de crianças com sintomas de estresse é compatível com a visão do 1º ano como transição escolar potencialmente estressora. Tais achados são úteis para elaboração de programas preventivos e interventivos no contexto escolar...

Seeking to contribute to the field of child development, this study aimed at verifying the manifestation of stress symptoms in students on their first year in primary school seven public schools, considering their gender and school of attendance. With a transversal methodology, this research included 100 boys and 86 girls who took the Infantile Stress Scale (ISS). In the results, more than 50% of the children had stress symptoms. Boys showed significantly more psychophysiological reactions. There were only slight differences among schools. The high percentage of children with stress symptoms is in accordance to the viewpoint of the first year as a potentially stressful transition. The findings are useful for the development of preventive and interventional programs in the school context...

Para contribuir con estudios respectivos al desarrollo infantil, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar la manifestación de síntomas de estrés en alumnos del 1º año de la escuela primaria - EF en siete escuelas públicas, teniendo en cuenta el sexo y la escuela que frecuentaban. Con un método transversal, 100 niños y 86 niñas, alumnos del primero año de EF, respondieron a la Escala de Estrés Infantil - ESI. En los resultados, más del 50% de los alumnos mostraron síntomas de estrés. Los niños mostraron significativamente más reacciones psicofisiológicas. Las diferencias entre las escuelas eran puntuales. El alto porcentaje de niños con síntomas de estrés es consistente con la visión del primero año escolar como un periodo de transición potencialmente estresante...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Visando contribuir para o estudo do desenvolvimento infantil, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a manifestação de sintomas de estresse em alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental - EF, de sete escolas públicas, tendo em conta o sexo e a escola frequentada. Com metodologia transversal, contou com 100 meninos e 86 meninas, alunos do 1º ano do EF, que responderam à Escala de Stress Infantil. Nos resultados, mais de 50% das crianças mostraram sintomas de estresse. Meninos apresentaram significativamente mais Reações Psicofisiológicas. Diferenças entre escolas foram pontuais. O elevado percentual de crianças com sintomas de estresse é compatível com a visão do 1º ano como transição escolar potencialmente estressora. Tais achados são úteis para elaboração de programas preventivos e interventivos no contexto escolar.(AU)

Seeking to contribute to the field of child development, this study aimed at verifying the manifestation of stress symptoms in students on their first year in primary school seven public schools, considering their gender and school of attendance. With a transversal methodology, this research included 100 boys and 86 girls who took the Infantile Stress Scale (ISS). In the results, more than 50% of the children had stress symptoms. Boys showed significantly more psychophysiological reactions. There were only slight differences among schools. The high percentage of children with stress symptoms is in accordance to the viewpoint of the first year as a potentially stressful transition. The findings are useful for the development of preventive and interventional programs in the school context.(AU)

Para contribuir con estudios respectivos al desarrollo infantil, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar la manifestación de síntomas de estrés en alumnos del 1º año de la escuela primaria - EF en siete escuelas públicas, teniendo en cuenta el sexo y la escuela que frecuentaban. Con un método transversal, 100 niños y 86 niñas, alumnos del primero año de EF, respondieron a la Escala de Estrés Infantil - ESI. En los resultados, más del 50% de los alumnos mostraron síntomas de estrés. Los niños mostraron significativamente más reacciones psicofisiológicas. Las diferencias entre las escuelas eran puntuales. El alto porcentaje de niños con síntomas de estrés es consistente con la visión del primero año escolar como un periodo de transición potencialmente estresante.(AU)

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RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The strategies used by parents in education and childcare play a major role in the child's development and health OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the maternal educational practices during the first year of life METHODS: A total of 250 mothers of infants between 1-12 months participated in the study. The data was collected using the Parental Styles Inventory for Mothers of Babies (IEPMB RESULTS: Mothers used the positive parenting practice: Monitoring Positive. However negative practices were also present in the repertoire of the participants, especially Relaxed Discipline CONCLUSION: The negative practices were not common in the behavioural repertoire of the mothers, so this phase is an appropriate stage to promote preventative interventions aimed at improving the mother-infant relationship, and therefore impacting health prevention, health promotion and child development.(AU)

As estratégias utilizadas pelos pais na educação e cuidados dos filhos possuem uma função primordial no desenvolvimento e saúde infantil. A presente pesquisa pretendeu descrever e analisar as práticas educativas maternas no primeiro ano de vida. Participaram da pesquisa 250 mães com filhos no primeiro ano de vida, de um a 12 meses de idade, nas quais foi aplicado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais para Mães de Bebês. Os resultados revelaram que as mães utilizam-se com frequência da prática parental positiva Monitoria Positiva, no entanto as práticas negativas, também são presentes no repertório das participantes, principalmente a prática Disciplina Relaxada. Como a maioria das práticas negativas ainda não são freqüentes no repertório comportamental das mães, esta fase seria portanto, um ótimo momento para a realização de intervenções preventivas que visem aprimorar o relacionamento mãe-criança, e consequentemente atuar na prevenção e promoção da saúde e do desenvolvimento.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The strategies used by parents in education and childcare play a major role in the child's development and health OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the maternal educational practices during the first year of life METHODS: A total of 250 mothers of infants between 1-12 months participated in the study. The data was collected using the Parental Styles Inventory for Mothers of Babies (IEPMB RESULTS: Mothers used the positive parenting practice: Monitoring Positive. However negative practices were also present in the repertoire of the participants, especially Relaxed Discipline CONCLUSION: The negative practices were not common in the behavioural repertoire of the mothers, so this phase is an appropriate stage to promote preventative interventions aimed at improving the mother-infant relationship, and therefore impacting health prevention, health promotion and child development...

As estratégias utilizadas pelos pais na educação e cuidados dos filhos possuem uma função primordial no desenvolvimento e saúde infantil. A presente pesquisa pretendeu descrever e analisar as práticas educativas maternas no primeiro ano de vida. Participaram da pesquisa 250 mães com filhos no primeiro ano de vida, de um a 12 meses de idade, nas quais foi aplicado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais para Mães de Bebês. Os resultados revelaram que as mães utilizam-se com frequência da prática parental positiva Monitoria Positiva, no entanto as práticas negativas, também são presentes no repertório das participantes, principalmente a prática Disciplina Relaxada. Como a maioria das práticas negativas ainda não são freqüentes no repertório comportamental das mães, esta fase seria portanto, um ótimo momento para a realização de intervenções preventivas que visem aprimorar o relacionamento mãe-criança, e consequentemente atuar na prevenção e promoção da saúde e do desenvolvimento...

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RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Feeding is of particular importance in the first year of life when weaning occurs gradually and competes with complementary feeding to meet the nutritional needs of a child in order to ensure growth and development. OBJECTIVE: To describe feeding practices in infants in the first year of life. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire about a child's eating habits. The sample consisted of 122 children aged up to 365 days, divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 34 children up to 3 full months of age, and group 2 consisted of 88 children, 4-12 months old. RESULTS: Among the children in group 1, only 35.29% were exclusively breastfed, but 95.9% of the study population reported having been breastfed; and 55.68% of children in group 2 still take milk. In group 2, among the foods already introduced in the infants' feeding was: 83% fruit, 69% vegetables, meat broth 52.27%, 58% meat (beef and chicken), 76% bean broth, 42% beans, 59% rice /noodles, 78% potatoes, 22.72% egg yolk, 16% whole egg and 61% bread wafer. There was no reference to vegetables from 52.27% of the population, and 73.86% and 75% have not introduced fish or liver, respectively. CONCLUSION: The dietary habits of children who participated in the study include a great diversity of food, but there was a low proportion of exclusive breastfeeding as a result of the early introduction of complementary foods. A low consumption of foods such as vegetables and liver was observed...(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: A alimentação é especialmente importante no primeiro ano de vida quando ocorre o desmame progressivo e compete à alimentação complementar suprir as necessidades nutricionais da criança a fim de garantir o crescimento e desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: Descrever a prática alimentar em crianças no primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário sobre a prática alimentar da criança. A amostra foi constituída de 122 crianças com idade até 365 dias divididas em 2 grupos: com até 3 meses completos de idade (34 crianças) e o grupo 2 foi formado por 88 crianças de 4 a 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças do grupo 1, apenas 35,29% estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo porém 95,9% da população de estudo referiu ter sido amamentada e 55,68% das crianças do grupo 2 ainda tomam leite materno. Dentre os alimentos já introduzidos na alimentação das crianças do grupo 2, obteve-se: 83% para frutas, 69% legumes, 52,27% caldo de carnes, 58% de carnes (bovina e frango), 76% caldo de feijão, 42% feijão, 59% arroz/macarrão, 78% batata, 22,72% gema de ovo,16% ovo inteiro e 61% pão e bolacha. Verificou-se ausência de referência a verduras entre 52,27% da população, 73,86% não introduziram peixe e 75% o fígado. CONCLUSÃO: As práticas alimentares das crianças que participaram do estudo incluem grande diversidade de alimentos, porém houve baixa proporção de aleitamento materno exclusivo, em consequência da introdução precoce da alimentação complementar. Foi verificado baixo consumo de alguns alimentos como verduras e fígado...(AU)

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