RESUMO
IRimage aims at increasing throughput, accuracy and reproducibility of results obtained from thermal images, especially those produced with affordable, consumer-oriented cameras. IRimage processes thermal images, extracting raw data and calculating temperature values with an open and fully documented algorithm, making this data available for further processing using image analysis software. It also allows the making of reproducible measurements of the temperature of objects in a series of images, and produce visual outputs (images and videos) suitable for scientific reporting. IRimage is implemented in a scripting language of the scientific image analysis software ImageJ, allowing its use through a graphical user interface and also allowing for an easy modification or expansion of its functionality. IRimage's results were consistent with those of standard software for 15 camera models of the most widely used brand. An example use case is also presented, in which IRimage was used to efficiently process hundreds of thermal images to reveal subtle differences in the daily pattern of leaf temperature of plants subjected to different soil water contents. IRimage's functionalities make it better suited for research purposes than many currently available alternatives, and could contribute to making affordable consumer-grade thermal cameras useful for reproducible research.
RESUMO
Cell signalling, cell secretion, and plasma membrane repair are processes that critically rely on intracellular vesicles, important components of the endocytic and secretory pathways. More specifically, the strategic distribution of intracellular vesicles is important for diverse cellular processes. The method presented here is a simple, affordable, and efficient tool to analyze the distribution of intracellular vesicles such as lysosomes, endosomes, Golgi vesicles or secretory granules under different experimental conditions. The method is an accessible way to analyze the density and dispersion of intracellular vesicles by combining immunofluorescence with pixel-based quantification software (e.g., ImageJ/FIJI). This protocol can be used widely within the scientific community because it utilizes ImageJ/FIJI, an open source software that is free. By tracking fluorescent vesicles based on their position relative to cell nuclei we are able to quantify and analyze their distribution throughout the cell.
RESUMO
Ni-Al alloys create a cone- shaped figure when there is internal oxide. This behavior was studied by TEM, SEM, X-Ray (XRD), Optical Microscopy and Image Processing. The internal oxide precipitates and its results indicate that this precipitation forms continuous rods in a cone-shaped configuration extending from the surface to the internal oxide front for Ni-Al alloys, whereas for Ni-X (X = Cr, Mo, V, W and Mn) alloys the precipitation is discrete and more irregularly-shaped. Furthermore, in a high atomic percentage (5.18% to 8.67%), the precipitation was rod-like and continuous from the surface to the internal oxide front for all temperature\time conditions. For the Ni-2.47% Al alloy at 800 °C, observations showed a mixture of rod-like and fork like precipitates, whereas after oxidation at 1000 and 1100 °C the precipitation was rod-like and continuous. For the Ni-1.18% Al alloy the aluminum concentration was insufficient for fully continuous precipitation to develop, and the internal oxides were generally acicular-shaped and discontinuous. Images obtained by TEM and, after that, analyzed by image processing allowed us to understand their behavior and the internal oxide patterns.
RESUMO
On the Hawaiian Islands 22 sciarid species were detected, belonging to the following ten genera: Austrosciara Schmitz Mjöberg, Bradysia Winnertz, Corynoptera Winnertz, Cratyna Winnertz, Epidapus Haliday, Hyperlasion Schmitz, Lycoriella Frey, Phytosciara Frey, Pseudolycoriella Menzel Mohrig and Scatopsciara Edwards. The revision resulted in new combinations for the following five species: Austrosciara hawaiiensis (Hardy) comb. n., Corynoptera prominens (Hardy) comb. n., Cratyna adrostylata (Hardy) comb. n., Cr. longicosta (Hardy) comb. n., and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy) comb. n. Eight species were declared as new synonyms: Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973 = B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa Mohrig, 2012 syn. n.; B. crassicornis (Skuse, 1890) = B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw, 1901) syn. n. and = B. aspercera Mohrig, 2016 syn. n.; B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912) = B. spatitergum (Hardy, 1956) syn. n.; Corynoptera prominens (Hardy, 1956) = C. gladiota Mohrig, 2004 syn. n.; Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912) = Plastosciara (Plastosciara) latipons Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; Hyperlasion wasmanni (Schmitz, 1918) = Scythropochroa magnisensoria Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy, 1956) = Sc. spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa Mohrig, 2012 syn. n. These four species are new reports for Hawai'i, three of them are new to science: Epidapus pallidus (Séguy), Pseudolycoriella nigrofemoralis Mohrig, Kauschke Broadley sp. n., Scatopsciara hardyi Mohrig, Kauschke Broadley sp. n. and Sc. steffani Mohrig, Kauschke Broadley sp. n. A lectotype was designated for Bradysia radicum (Brunetti) in order to fix the name. All new and revised species are figured. The species Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973, B. ocellaris (Comstock, 1882), B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912), Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912), Pseudolycoriella planiforceps (Steffan, 1971) and Scatopsciara steffani Mohrig, Kauschke Broadley sp. n. are reported from the Galápagos Islands.
Assuntos
Ceratopogonidae , Dípteros , Animais , Equador , Fungos , Havaí , IlhasRESUMO
Plaque assay has been used for a long time to determine infectious titers and characterize prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses forming plaques. Indeed, plaque morphology and dimensions can provide information regarding the replication kinetics and the virulence of a particular virus. In this work, we present ViralPlaque, a fast, open-source and versatile ImageJ macro for the automated determination of viral plaque dimensions from digital images. Also, a machine learning plugin is integrated in the analysis algorithm for adaptation of ViralPlaque to the user's needs and experimental conditions. A high correlation between manual and automated measurements of plaque dimensions was demonstrated. This macro will facilitate reliable and reproducible characterization of cytolytic viruses with an increased processing speed.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aim to describe the experience and findings of mental health clinics held during medical service camps in the rural settings of Fiji. METHOD: Descriptive data collated at the end of the medical camps across 2011-2014 are used to highlight the main findings. RESULTS: The exposure to mental health assessments and brief interventions at these camps was a validating experience for both individuals and medical students attending the clinics. The most common presentations can be categorised under symptoms of depression, anxiety and relationship problems. CONCLUSIONS: The accessibility of mental health support services is a challenge in Fiji. Medical service camps can form an important pathway in promoting mental health awareness, especially amongst the rural communities of Fiji, and a useful platform for medical students to acquire some clinical exposure.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Serviços de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/terapia , Criança , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Fiji/epidemiologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
PIP: The author gathered 1965 and 1975 socioeconomic data on 71 developing countries from a variety of sources such as UNESCO and the World Bank. He applied these data to strict tests to confirm the nonlinear fertility literacy relationship. The total fertility rate (TFR) was the dependent variable. In 1975, the TFR was as low as 2.2 in Singapore and as high as 8.1 in Rwanda. The unweighted mean stood at 5.8. Independent variables included real gross domestic product/worker (earnings); ratio of female literacy over male literacy; natural logarithm of fraction of labor force engaged in agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing; population density; male literacy; and strength of the family planning program. The statistical regression revealed that fertility rose slightly (mean=0.25 of a child) with an initial growth in the literacy rate. In fact, it peaked when 25-50% of the adult male population were literate. As the adult male literacy rate increased to the point where almost everyone was literate, fertility fell swiftly to 2 children. These changes were stable across the board. Between 1965-1975, the male literacy rate increased from 46-57% which resulted in a reduction of .51 children in the TFR. Algeria, Nigeria, and Pakistan whose male literacy levels ranged only from 23-42% stalled at high fertility levels. Fertility decreased considerable in countries where family planning programs were valued at least 4.7, even when no significant changes occurred in literacy, earnings, density, or agricultural composition. Morocco, valued at 4, only experienced a change of -.561 whereas China, valued at 25, experienced a change of -1.506. Thus to reduce fertility, policy makers must set high literacy levels as goals recognizing, however, that fertility will 1st rise as literacy bigins its ascent. Further they should either estiablish or strengthen existing family planning programs.^ieng
Assuntos
Agricultura , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Comparação Transcultural , Coleta de Dados , Escolaridade , Fertilidade , Planejamento em Saúde , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Regressão , Salários e Benefícios , África , América , Ásia , América Central , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Emprego , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Fiji , Geografia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América do Norte , Ilhas do Pacífico , Polinésia , População , Pesquisa , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do Sul , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
PIP: Responses to the second worldwide survey of 80 nations on their population policy can be divided into 3 categories. First are countries with large official programs of family planning in existence: Egypt, Kenya, Tunisia, Barbados, Colombia, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, China, India, Iran, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Viet-nam, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, Canada, and Fiji. Madagascar and New Zealand are starting programs. The second category is countries that encourage private family planning programs: Tanzania, Mexico, Israel, Cambodia, Bahrain, Jordan, Laos, Syria, Austria, France, West Germany, Finland, and Norway. Third are listed countries that do not officially support, or that forbid contraception: Gabon, Malawi, Zambia, Greece, Italy, and Spain. Thus Asia and North Africa have the most ambitious programs, but Europe and North America practice contraception universally.^ieng
Assuntos
Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Política Pública , África , América , Ásia , Áustria , Barein , Barbados , Camboja , Canadá , Colômbia , Dinamarca , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Egito , Europa (Continente) , Fiji , Finlândia , França , Gabão , Alemanha Ocidental , Grécia , Índia , Irã (Geográfico) , Israel , Itália , Japão , Jordânia , Quênia , Laos , América Latina , Madagáscar , Malaui , México , Nepal , Países Baixos , Nova Zelândia , América do Norte , Noruega , Ilhas do Pacífico , Paquistão , Panamá , Filipinas , Singapura , Espanha , Sri Lanka , Síria , Taiwan , Tanzânia , Tailândia , Trinidad e Tobago , TunísiaRESUMO
PIP: The introduction of family planning in the populous Fiji Islands has lowered the birthrate from 41.8/1000 in 1959 to 35.9 in 1965. Studies of women taking oral contraceptives and wearing IUDs have shown that both methods are compatible with the Fiji women, although the author considers the IUD the most suitable method, being acceptable, cheap, safe, relatively free from side effects, and requiring only 1 act of motivation. Among the first 1000 IUD wearers, there were 36 pregnancies, 22 occurring with the IUD (Lippes loop) in place. Of the 67 users of oral contraceptives studied, there were no pregnancies among those who took the pills as directed. 2 women, who took them irregularly, got pregnant. Side effects were minimal and the withdrawal rate was low.^ieng