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El entrenamiento de las figuras en la natación artística constituye uno de los aspectos fundamentales en la preparación técnica de las nadadoras artísticas, su dominio es una condición para alcanzar el éxito deportivo. Sin embargo, en la actualidad son insuficientes los procedimientos y componentes que lo fundamentan. De ahí que la investigación está dirigida a comprobar el comportamiento de la aplicación de la metodología para el mejoramiento del entrenamiento de las figuras en las nadadoras artísticas. Con una población de ocho nadadoras artísticas de la categoría 11-12 años pertenecientes a la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar "Capitán Orestes Acosta Herrera" de Santiago de Cuba. Se aplicó los métodos teóricos analítico-sintético y sistémico-estructural-funcional; con respecto a los empíricos el análisis documental y el diseño pre-experimental pretest-postest para un solo grupo y en los estadísticos la descriptiva con la media, moda y desviación típica; y la inferencial con la prueba de T Student para muestras relacionadas. En tal sentido, la propuesta se caracterizó por el empleo del enfoque sistémico a la reestructuración del contenido a partir de un plan de entrenamiento de las figuras. La calidad de la metodología quedó corroborada por los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del pre-experimento confirmado por diferentes técnicas estadísticas que resaltan su funcionabilidad, sostenibilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad.
O treinamento de figuras no nado artístico é um dos aspectos fundamentais na preparação técnica dos nadadores artísticos, seu domínio é uma condição para alcançar o sucesso esportivo. No entanto, atualmente, os procedimentos e componentes nos quais ele se baseia são insuficientes. Por isso, a pesquisa tem como objetivo testar o comportamento da aplicação da metodologia para a melhoria do treinamento de figuras em nadadores artísticos. Com uma população de oito nadadores artísticos na categoria de 11-12 anos pertencentes à Escola de Iniciação Esportiva Escolar "Capitán Orestes Acosta Herrera", em Santiago de Cuba. Foram aplicados os métodos teóricos analítico-sintético e sistêmico-estrutural-funcional; com relação aos métodos empíricos, a análise documental e o desenho pré-experimental pré-teste-pós-teste para um único grupo e a estatística descritiva com a média, a moda e o desvio padrão; e a inferencial com o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas. Nesse sentido, a proposta foi caracterizada pelo uso da abordagem sistêmica para a reestruturação do conteúdo com base em um plano de treinamento para as figuras. A qualidade da metodologia foi corroborada pelos resultados obtidos na aplicação do pré-experimento confirmados por diferentes técnicas estatísticas que destacam sua funcionalidade, sustentabilidade, relevância e viabilidade.
The training of the figures in artistic swimming constitutes one of the fundamental aspects in the technical preparation of artistic swimmers, its mastery is a condition to achieve sporting success. However, currently the procedures and components that support it are insufficient. Hence, the research is aimed at verifying the behavior of the application of the methodology for the improvement of the training of figures in artistic swimmers. With a population of eight artistic swimmers in the 11-12 years category belonging to the "Capitán Orestes Acosta Herrera" School of Sports Initiation in Santiago de Cuba. The analytical-synthetic and systemic-structural-functional theoretical methods were applied; with respect to the empirical ones, the documentary analysis and the pre-experimental pretest-postest design for a single group and in the statistical ones the descriptive one with the mean, mode and standard deviation; and the inferential with the T Student test for related samples. In this sense, the proposal was characterized by the use of the systemic approach to the restructuring of the content from a training plan of the figures. The quality of the methodology was corroborated by the results obtained in the application of the pre-experiment confirmed by different statistical techniques that highlight its functionality, sustainability, relevance and feasibility.
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Una de las tareas a resolver de forma inmediata en la natación artística escolar, se relaciona con la preparación técnica que constituye una parte fundamental en el proceso de entrenamiento de las nadadoras artísticas. En el presente artículo, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que tuvo como objetivo abordar las principales consideraciones sobre el proceso de preparación técnica en la natación artística escolar, con particular énfasis en el entrenamiento de las figuras; además, se precisaron los aportes y las inconsistencias teóricas más relevantes que justifican el perfeccionamiento del proceso estudiado. Para lograrlo, se aplicaron como métodos científicos del nivel teórico, el analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo y como método empírico el análisis documental, con el fin de referenciar los resultados de investigaciones sobre esta temática desde una perspectiva analítica y crítica, lo que permitió establecer criterios de opinión y debate para lograr una comprensión del tema desarrollado; como conclusiones, se señaló que las limitaciones epistemológicas detectadas se resumen en insuficiencias metodológicas presentes en el contenido, los métodos, la dosificación y la distribución de las cargas por omisiones de procedimientos, ello dificultó la orientación acertada del entrenamiento de las figuras hacia el cumplimiento de los objetivos previstos.
SÍNTESE Uma das tarefas a ser resolvida imediatamente na natação artística escolar está relacionada à preparação técnica que constitui uma parte fundamental do processo de formação dos nadadores artísticos. Neste artigo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de abordar as principais considerações sobre o processo de preparação técnica na natação artística escolar, com ênfase especial no treinamento das figuras; além disso, foram especificadas as contribuições teóricas mais relevantes e as inconsistências que justificam o aperfeiçoamento do processo estudado. Para tanto, foram aplicados métodos científicos analítico-sintéticos e indutivo-dedutivos a nível teórico, e a análise documental foi utilizada como método empírico, com o objetivo de referenciar os resultados da pesquisa sobre este tema a partir de uma perspectiva analítica e crítica, o que permitiu estabelecer critérios de opinião e debate a fim de alcançar uma compreensão do tema desenvolvido; Como conclusões, foi apontado que as limitações epistemológicas detectadas estão resumidas em insuficiências metodológicas presentes no conteúdo, métodos, dosagem e distribuição das cargas devido a omissões de procedimentos, o que dificultou a orientação correta do treinamento dos números para o cumprimento dos objetivos previstos.
One of the tasks to be immediately solved in school artistic swimming, is related to the technical preparation that constitutes a fundamental part in the training process of artistic swimmers. In this article, it is offered the results of a bibliographical review that was carried out with the objective of address the main considerations about the process of technical preparation in school artistic swimming, with particular emphasis on the training of figures; in addition, the most relevant theoretical contributions and inconsistencies that justify the improvement of the studied process were specified. To achieve this, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive scientific methods were applied from the theoretical level, and documentary analysis as an empirical method, in order to reference the results of research on this subject from an analytical and critical perspective, which allowed establishing opinion and debate criteria to achieve an understanding of the topic developed; as conclusions, it was pointed out that the epistemological limitations detected are summarized in methodological insufficiencies present in the content, methods, dosage and distribution of the loads due to omissions of procedures, this made it difficult to correctly orient the training of the figures towards the fulfillment of the intended objectives.
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The aim of this manuscript was to validate and apply an analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of 34 mycotoxins in cocoa. The extraction method used in the tests was a liquid-liquid partition by NaCl addition with a freezing step followed by quantification using LC-MS/MS. The results were discussed based on national and international directives for food contaminants. The recoveries and precision were adequate, except for the mycotoxins ionized with the ammonium adduct (NH4+), E-cristinine and ß-ZOL. This result directly influenced the measurement uncertainty of these mycotoxins, because the precision and the correction factor of the recovery were the factors with the greatest impact on the uncertainty of the method. The evaluation of the matrix effect showed considerable signal suppression for 53 % of the evaluated mycotoxins. Nevertheless, the mycotoxins exhibited relatively low quantification limits, with values between 1 and 75 µg kg-1. The validated methodology was applied to 15 cocoa samples collected in warehouses in Brazil. Positive results were found for all the evaluated samples, in which nine toxins were detected out of the 34 investigated.
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Cacau , Micotoxinas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Micotoxinas/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , IncertezaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fibroblasts and/or collagen fibrils have not been included in previous cytologic grading schemes of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), and their association with biological behavior is broadly debated. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the cytologic findings of canine MCT, with emphasis on the microenvironment, and propose a novel cytologic grading system correlated with mortality and histologic grade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytology smears of canine cutaneous MCTs were retrospectively reviewed and compared with their histopathologic counterparts using Cohen´s Kappa test. One-year survival rates were also compared with the cytologic and histopathologic variables using Pearson´s correlation test. RESULTS: From 92 first-occurrence canine cutaneous MCTs, the five features most associated with mortality were selected for a new grading system. The five features were cytoplasmic granulation, fibroblast and/or collagen fibril concentrations, and the presence of mitotic figures, multinucleation, and karyomegaly. Among concordant histopathologic and cytologic cases (ie, the same grades using both systems), mortality rates were 2.6% (1/38) for low-grade and 71.4% (10/14) for high-grade cases (P < 0.001, chi-square). For false-negative and false-positive results, mortality rates were 33% (1/3) and 45% (5/11), respectively (P = 0.707). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the Camus cytologic grading system, the present amendment excluded binucleation and included fibroblasts and/ or collagen fibrils, which in higher concentrations were associated with increased survival and a low histopathologic grade. Cytologic grading with the inclusion of fibroblast and collagen fibril concentrations correlated with survival, as did the Camus cytologic and Kiupel histopathologic grades; however, further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic value of this novel cytologic grading scheme.
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Doenças do Cão , Mastocitoma Cutâneo , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Animais , Colágeno , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Fibroblastos/patologia , Mastócitos/patologia , Mastocitoma Cutâneo/patologia , Mastocitoma Cutâneo/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Resumen Las cifras suelen revestirse con un manto de veracidad y contundencia que pocos replican porque se piensa que éstas son un reflejo de la realidad y que los datos son meras agregaciones de hechos constatables. Este artículo hace preguntas incómodas a cuatro cifras oficiales del conflicto armado y revela sus implicaciones en las luchas por la verdad. Su énfasis se pone en cómo los contextos, los mediadores y las decisiones metodológicas interfieren en la producción de datos y cómo la presentación de estos condiciona el debate público por las responsabilidades y las víctimas del conflicto armado.
Abstract Figures are often cloaked in a mantle of veracity and forcefulness, which few people replicate because they are thought to be a reflection of reality and the data are mere aggregations of verifiable facts. This article asks uncomfortable questions of four official figures of the armed conflict, and it reveals their implications for struggles for truth. Its emphasis is on how contexts, mediators, and methodological decisions interfere with the production of data and how the presentation of these data constrains the public debate over responsibilities and victims of the armed conflict.
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In this review, recent advances and applications using multi-way calibration protocols based on the processing of multi-dimensional chromatographic data are discussed. We first describe the various modes in which multi-way chromatographic data sets can be generated, including some important characteristics that should be taken into account for the selection of an adequate data processing model. We then discuss the different manners in which the collected instrumental data can be arranged, and the most usually applied models and algorithms for the decomposition of the data arrays. The latter activity leads to the estimation of surrogate variables (scores), useful for analyte quantitation in the presence of uncalibrated interferences, achieving the second-order advantage. Recent experimental reports based on multi-way liquid and gas chromatographic data are then reviewed. Finally, analytical figures of merit that should always accompany quantitative calibration reports are described.
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This study examined whether various types of father-figure presence in Mexican (n = 414)- and Dominican- American (n = 336) households measured at baseline predicted child mental health functioning one year later. Results of linear regression analyses showed that the impact of household structure on child functioning was significant and differed by ethnicity. For Mexican-American children, residing with a step-father or other adult male predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing their biological father. For Dominican-American children, residing with no father figure predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing with a biological father. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Abstract The obtaining of electric energy from solar energy through photovoltaic systems shows great growth due to the solar potential present in the Brazilian territory. In the State of Paraná, studies are recurrent in public and private sectors on the development and performance of this technology. The installation and commissioning processes of photovoltaic plants are linked to the expectation of energy generation and the performance of the system through the figures of merit. The feasibility of the project can be confirmed when the results of these parameters are satisfactory and correspond to averages obtained from already consolidated surveys. The six photovoltaic systems implemented at the Federal Technological University of Paraná have expectations of generation and performance consistent with those of previous studies and will contribute to scientific advancement on the behavior of systems with different technologies located in different regions in the state.
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Coletores Solares , Energia Fotovoltaica , Energia Solar , BrasilRESUMO
Fanconi anemia (FA), a chromosomal instability syndrome, is caused by inherited pathogenic variants in any of 22 FANC genes, which cooperate in the FA/BRCA pathway. This pathway regulates the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) through homologous recombination. In FA proper repair of ICLs is impaired and accumulation of toxic DNA double strand breaks occurs. To repair this type of DNA damage, FA cells activate alternative error-prone DNA repair pathways, which may lead to the formation of gross structural chromosome aberrations of which radial figures are the hallmark of FA, and their segregation during cell division are the origin of subsequent aberrations such as translocations, dicentrics and acentric fragments. The deficiency in DNA repair has pleiotropic consequences in the phenotype of patients with FA, including developmental alterations, bone marrow failure and an extreme risk to develop cancer. The mechanisms leading to the physical abnormalities during embryonic development have not been clearly elucidated, however FA has features of premature aging with chronic inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in tissue attrition, selection of malignant clones and cancer onset. Moreover, chromosomal instability and cell death are not exclusive of the somatic compartment, they also affect germinal cells, as evidenced by the infertility observed in patients with FA.
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Instabilidade Cromossômica , Reparo do DNA , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Envelhecimento/genética , Proteína BRCA1/fisiologia , Proteína BRCA2/fisiologia , Transtornos da Insuficiência da Medula Óssea/etiologia , Ciclo Celular , Cromátides/ultraestrutura , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos Humanos/ultraestrutura , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Reparo do DNA por Junção de Extremidades , Anemia de Fanconi/complicações , Anemia de Fanconi/diagnóstico , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação C da Anemia de Fanconi/deficiência , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação C da Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação C da Anemia de Fanconi/fisiologia , Humanos , Infertilidade/genética , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Fenótipo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
Este trabalho visa refletir sobre as interfaces entre a clínica psicanalítica e a avaliação psicológica, mostrando a possibilidade de diálogo e de encontro entre ambas e que dados de pesquisas científicas podem contribuir com a compreensão clínica de pessoas com dificuldades emocionais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo teórico com esse objetivo e, para isso os Resultados e Discussão ocorrem por meio da apresentação de algumas pesquisas científicas quantitativas, realizadas pela autora em meio acadêmico, com o teste do Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH)e um breve estudo de caso no qual foi feita a avaliação psicológica com diversos instrumentos, incluindo o DFH. Os diferentes trabalhos apresentados são discutidos em função de como indicam as interfaces da avaliação psicológica com a clínica psicanalítica, e de como a primeira subsidia a compreensão e a ação na atuação psicoterapêutica infantil, revendo as ideias prévias, permitindo à criança e sua família a possibilidade de pensar.
This article aims to reflect on the interfaces between the psychoanalytic clinic and the psychological assessment, showing the possibility of dialogue and encounter between both, and also demonstrate that data from scientific research can also contribute to the clinical understanding of people with emotional difficulties. This is done through the presentation of some quantitative scientific research carried out by the author in an academic environment, using the Human Figure Drawing Test (DFH), and the brief presentation of a case study in which this test was used. Results and Discussion: The different researches presented are discussed in terms of how the interfaces between psychological assessment and psychoanalytic clinic indicate, and how one supports understanding and action in child psychotherapeutic activity, allowing the child and the Family to think.
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Con este artículo se quiso realzar las cualidades humanas y el quehacer científico de Mirtha Yris Cedeño Rodríguez, bibliotecaria médica santiaguera, quien durante su etapa laboral se caracterizó por una actitud digna en la atención a numerosos profesionales de diversas especialidades biomédicas, mediante asesorías, docencia, búsquedas bibliográficas, entre otros servicios bibliotecarios, con lo cual contribuyó, desde su modesta tribuna, a la formación de ellos y a la mejoría de la salud pública en Cuba. Actualmente está felizmente jubilada.
With this work we wanted to enhance the human qualities and scientific daily tasks of Mirtha Yris Cedeño Rodríguez, medical librarian from Santiago de Cuba who was characterized by a worthy attitude in the service to many professionals of diverse biomedical specialties during her working years, by means of consultancies, teaching, literature searching, among other librarians services, with which contributed, from her modest tribune, to their training and improvement of the public health in Cuba. At the moment she is happily retired.
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Centros de InformaçãoRESUMO
Investigou-se sistemas cognitivos do Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) mais utilizados no âmbito internacional e nacional, e realizou análise qualitativa. A busca foi feita no Periódicos CAPES, SciELO, Redalyc e Pepsic. A partir dos critérios de seleção, foram analisados 33 artigos que permitiram a dentificação do sistema Goodenough-Harris, como o mais estudado internacionalmente, e o sistema Wechsler no contexto nacional. O ano de 2005 apresentou maior publicações. Observou-se predomínio da busca de evidências de validade com amostras brasileiras, enquanto que internacionalmente os estudos foram mais heterogêneos. Conclui-se que a maioria dos sistemas apresentam propriedades psicométricas minimamente adequadas sendo, porém, necessário a realização de novos estudos que investiguem o funcionamento dos sistemas, principalmente no âmbito nacional, que possui apenas 10 estudos. Limitações e agenda de pesquisa são apresentadas
This study investigated the most frequently used Human Figure Drawing (HFD) cognitive systems in the international and national scope, and carried out a qualitative analysis of them. A search was conducted through the databases Periódicos CAPES, SciELO, Redalyc, and Pepsic. Based on the selection criteria, a review of 33 articles provided the identification of the Goodenough-Harris system, as the most studied internationally, and the Wechsler system in the national context. The largest number of publications occurred in 2005. Regarding the study types, among those with a Brazilian sample most aimed to find validity evidence, while internationally studies were more heterogeneous. The conclusion is that most systems presented minimally fit psychometric properties, but that new studies are necessary to investigate system function, particularly at the national level, which has only 10 studies. Limitations and research agenda are presented.
Se investigó los sistemas cognitivos más utilizados del Dibujo de la Figura Humana (DFH) en el ámbito internacional y nacional, y realizó un análisis cualitativo. La búsqueda fue en las bases de datos Periódicos CAPES, SciELO, Redalyc y Pepsic. Un análisis de 33 artículos proporcionó la identificación del sistema Goodenough-Harris como el más estudiado internacionalmente, en el contexto nacional fue el sistema Wechsler. El mayor número de publicaciones se produjo en 2005. Se observó que en los realizados con muestras nacionales la mayoría buscó evidencias de validez y los estudios internacionales eran más heterogéneos. La conclusión es que la mayoría de los sistemas presentan propiedades psicométricas mínimamente ajustadas, pero se necesitan nuevos estudios para investigar la función de cada uno de esos sistema, particularmente a nivel nacional, que fueron encontrados apenas 10 estudios. Se presentan limitaciones y una agenda de investigación
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Testes Psicológicos , Criança , Cognição , Corpo HumanoRESUMO
A fantasia da escola perfeita impulsionou a escola moderna desde seus primórdios, resultando em várias figuras dessa instituição. O artigo focaliza algumas dessas figuras, a começar pela que surge sob a forma da escola-máquina e que, posteriormente, quando a natureza humana desponta como limite ao que é da ordem da máquina, dá lugar a novas figuras. Argumenta-se que o ideal de perfeição presente nos discursos pedagógicos resultou em modalidades diversas de pensar e efetivar a escolarização, sem que necessariamente tenha inviabilizado a escola quanto a seu papel na transmissão de certo legado cultural e como agência socializadora das novas gerações. Entretanto, nas últimas décadas houve uma mudança importante, perceptível no Brasil desde a década de 1990, quando avaliações quantitativas começam a ser utilizadas para definir de forma clara e precisa o grau de perfeição da escola, assim tendendo a inviabilizar a própria educação escolar. O que desde então se acentua é a tendência de anular a necessária distância em relação àquele ideal e, dessa maneira, quanto mais a escola busca alcançar esse ideal consumado, sem falhas, tanto mais se debilita e se consome.
La fantasía de la escuela perfecta impulsó la escuela moderna desde sus inicios, resultando en varias representaciones de escuela. El artículo se enfoca en algunas de las representaciones, a comenzar por la que surge bajo la forma de la escuela-máquina y que, posteriormente, cuando la naturaleza humana despunta como límite al que es del orden de la máquina, da lugar a nuevas representaciones de escuela. Se argumenta que el ideal de la escuela perfecta presente en los discursos pedagógicos resultó en modalidades diversas de pensar e implementar la escolarización, sin que necesariamente dicho ideal hubiese influido en el incumplimiento del papel de la escuela respecto a la transmisión de cierto legado cultural y como agente de socialización de las nuevas generaciones. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas hubo un cambio importante perceptible en Brasil desde la década de 1990, cuando se comienzan a utilizar evaluaciones cuantitativas para definir clara y precisamente el grado de perfección de la escuela, que tiende a hacer inviable la propia educación escolar. Desde entonces se acentúa la tendencia a anular la necesaria distancia en relación a aquel ideal y, de esta manera, cuanto más la escuela busca alcanzar esa escuela consumada, sin fallas, tanto más se debilita, tanto más se consume.
The fantasy of the perfect school has boosted the modern school since its beginnings, resulting in several school figures. The article focuses on some of these figures, starting with the one that appears as a school-machine and that, later, when human nature emerges as a limit to what is related to the machine, it gives rise to new school figures. It is argued that the ideal of the perfect school present in the pedagogical discourses resulted in diverse ways of thinking and making schooling effective, without necessarily making the school unfeasible for its role in the transmission of a certain cultural legacy and as a socializing agency of the new generations. However, in the last decades, there has been an important change, perceptible in Brazil since the 1990s, when quantitative evaluations started to be used to clearly and precisely define the degree of perfection of the school, thus tending to make school education unfeasible itself. Since then, what has become more pronounced is the tendency to negate the necessary distance from that ideal and, therefore, the more the school seeks to achieve this consummated school, with no faults, the more it weakens itself and is consumed.
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Ensino/história , Ensino/psicologia , Psicanálise , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Abstract: Humanity is increasingly dependent on energy, which demand grows every year. Renewable energy sources are consolidated alternatives in the market, previously installed on a small scale but now thought as large plants. The correct operation, taking full advantage of the generation potential, depends on studies of the place of implantation, such as radiation levels, temperature, latitude, etc. Two photovoltaic systems installed in the city of Curitiba were studied in order to monitor their respective performances through figures of merit.
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Eletricidade , Energia Fotovoltaica , Centrais Elétricas , BrasilRESUMO
Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) is the model of choice when dealing with some non-trilinear arrays, specifically when the data are of chromatographic origin. To drive the iterative procedure to chemically interpretable solutions, the use of constraints becomes essential. In this work, both simulated and experimental data have been analyzed by MCR-ALS, applying chemically reasonable constraints, and investigating the relationship between selectivity, analytical sensitivity (γ) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). As the selectivity in the instrumental modes decreases, the estimated values for γ did not fully represent the predictive model capabilities, judged from the obtained RMSEP values. Since the available sensitivity expressions have been developed by error propagation theory in unconstrained systems, there is a need of developing new expressions or analytical indicators. They should not only consider the specific profiles retrieved by MCR-ALS, but also the constraints under which the latter ones have been obtained.
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Resumen Un relámpago o rayo es definido como una gran descarga de corriente eléctrica atmosférica, momentánea y transitoria cuya longitud de trayectoria se mide en kilómetros. Por otro lado, se denomina fulguración a los efectos biológicos gue se producen por acción de la electricidad atmosférica. Se presentan dos casos de mujeres gue sufrieron simultáneamente los efectos de un rayo y sobrevivieron, y en quienes se apreciaron las figuras de Lichtenberg, gue son patognomónicas en la fulguración. Así mismo, se hace hincapié en las demás lesiones externas por fulguración, las cuales ayudan a la evaluación médico-legal.
Abstract Lightning is defined as an electrical discharge in the atmosphere that is momentary and transitory which length is measured in kilometers. On the other hand, fulguration is related the biological effects produced by the atmospheric electricity. In this report, two simultaneous cases of lightning strikes are presented. The individuals survived and the pathognomonic Lichtenberg's figures were presented. Special emphasis is placed in the external lesions by the struck of lightning in order to help the legal-medical evaluation.
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El constructo de impulsividad-reflexividad hace referencia a un estilo cognitivo. Se han propuesto dos dimensiones a evaluar, impulsivos, cuando se generan respuestas con gran número de errores y corto tiempo de latencia y reflexivos, cuando hay bajo número de errores y alto tiempo de latencia. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los coeficientes de fiabilidad obtenidos de la aplicación del Test de Emparejamiento de Figuras Conocidas (MFF-20) en una versión en formato ordenador (MFF-O) contra una versión en formato papel (MFF-P). Se obtuvieron tres muestras independientes, con participantes entre 6 a 11 años de edad con un tipo de muestreo por conveniencia. La primera muestra fueron 50 niños que se evaluaron inicialmente con la versión MFF-P y 6 meses después con el MFF-O. La segunda muestra fueron 52 niños que se evaluaron con la versión de MFF-P y después de 6 meses con la versión de MFF-P. Posteriormente se procedió a evaluar a una tercera muestra independiente de 298 niños con la versión de MFF-O. Los resultados muestran la comparación entre las condiciones y las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en ordenador. Se concluye que la versión del MFF-20 en ordenador cuenta con adecuada fiabilidad y propiedades psicométricas, las cuales son similares a la versión del MFF 20 en papel.
The impulsivity-reflexivity construct refers to a cognitive style. Two dimensions have been proposed for their evaluation: Impulsivity, when responses are generated with a number of errors and short latency period, and reflexivity, when responses are generated with a few mistakes and long latency time. This study aims to compare the reliability coefficients obtained by applying computerised version (MFF-O) of the Matching Figures Test-20 (MFF-20) against a paper-based version (MFF-P). Three independent samples were obtained with participants aged from 6 to 11 years. The first sample consisted of 50 children who were evaluated with the MFF-P version, and 6 months later they were evaluated with the MFF-O version. The second sample included 52 children who were evaluated with the MFF-P version, and then re-evaluated with the same version 6 months later. Subsequently, a third sample including 298 children was evaluated with the MFF-O. The results showed a comparison between the psychometric properties and conditions of the computer-based version. It was concluded conclude that the computer-based MFF-20 version has adequate reliability and psychometric properties that are similar to the paper-based MFF-P version.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Psicometria , Comportamento Impulsivo , Criança , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that gives recommendations on how to summarize clearly and simply research data in tables, figures, charts, or graphs. Before performing a descriptive analysis it is paramount to summarize its goal or goals, and to identify the measurement scales of the different variables recorded in the study. Tables or charts aim to provide timely information on the results of an investigation. The graphs show trends and can be histograms, pie charts, "box and whiskers" plots, line graphs, or scatter plots. Images serve as examples to reinforce concepts or facts. The choice of a chart, graph, or image must be based on the study objectives. Usually it is not recommended to use more than seven in an article, also depending on its length.
La estadística descriptiva es la rama de la estadística que formula recomendaciones de cómo resumir, de forma clara y sencilla, los datos de una investigación en cuadros, tablas, figuras o gráficos. Antes de realizar un análisis descriptivo es primordial retomar el o los objetivos de la investigación, así como identificar las escalas de medición de las distintas variables que fueron registradas en el estudio. El objetivo de las tablas o cuadros es proporcionar información puntual de los resultados. Las gráficas muestran las tendencias y pueden ser histogramas, representaciones en "pastel", "cajas con bigotes", gráficos de líneas o de puntos de dispersión. Las imágenes sirven para dar ejemplos de conceptos o reforzar hechos. La selección de un cuadro, gráfico o imagen debe basarse en los objetivos del estudio. Por lo general no se recomienda usar más de siete en un artículo destinado a una publicación periódica, parámetro que está también en función de la extensión misma del artículo.