RESUMO

Malathion serves as a pivotal pesticide in agriculture and the management of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Despite its widespread use, there is a notable absence of studies elucidating the mechanisms through which malathion may affect the female reproductive system. Consequently, the objective of this investigation was to assess whether exposing juvenile female rats to low doses of malathion during the juvenile and peripubertal periods could compromise pubertal onset, estradiol levels, and the integrity of the ovaries and uterus while also examining the underlying mechanisms of damage. To achieve this, thirty juvenile female rats were subjected to either a vehicle or malathion (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) between postnatal days 22 and 60, with subsequent verification of pubertal onset. Upon completion of the exposure period, blood samples were collected for estradiol assessment. The ovaries and uterus were then examined to evaluate histological integrity, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, antiapoptotic responses, and endocrine pathways. Although estradiol levels and pubertal onset remained unaffected, exposure to malathion compromised the integrity and morphometry of the ovaries and uterus. This was evidenced by altered oxidative profiles and changes in the expression of genes regulating the cell cycle, anti-apoptotic processes, and endocrine pathways. Our findings underscore the role of malathion in inducing cell proliferation, promoting cell survival, and causing oxidative damage to the female reproductive system in rats exposed during peripubertal periods.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse is often associated with metabolic disorders and infertility. However, the current evidence on AAS-induced reproductive toxicity is mainly based on male studies. Thus, AAS repercussions on female reproductive capacity remain poorly understood, despite scarce evidence that fertility determinants may be more severely impaired in females than males exposed to these drugs. Accordingly, this study used an integrated framework to investigate the impact of different testosterone 17ß-cyclopentylpropionate (TC) doses on pain sensitivity, aggressiveness, anxiety, sexual behavior, ovarian, oviductal, uterine and reproductive morphofunctional and molecular outcomes. These parameters were used to explore the reproductive capacity in female mice exposed to this synthetic testosterone ester. The animals were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg TC every 48 h for 12 weeks. Our findings indicated that testosterone was upregulated while the hormones luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, estrogen and progesterone were down-regulated by TC. This AAS also exerted deleterious effects on anxiety, aggressivity, nociception, exploratory and sexual behavior in female mice. Concurrently, TC attenuated ovarian follicle maturation, interrupted the estrous cycle, induced oviductal and uterine hypotrophy. Estrous cyclicity was reestablished 60 days after AAS treatment. However, TC-treated mice still exhibited impaired reproductive capacity, a disturbance potentially related to deficiency in folliculogenesis, sex hormones production, and endometrial receptivity mediate by ER-α, PR, HOXA-10 and LIF down-regulation. Taken together, our findings indicated that in addition to female behavior, reproductive organs microstructure and function are markedly impaired by TC in a dose-dependent manner, whose time-dependent reversibility remains to be clarified.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Allatotropin (AT) acts as a myoregulator at the level of the dorsal vessel (DV) and midgut (MG) in triatominae insects. Previous analyses of the expression of the AT receptor in Rhodnius prolixus showed that AT is expressed in the DV and MG, but also in the reproductive system in females. To further study the activity of AT on female reproductive organs we analyzed the response by adult females in different physiological conditions, including unfed (virgin and mated), and fed mated females (gravid), to doses ranging between 10-14 and 10-6M. Myoregulatory activity was evaluated in vivo, by recording independently the frequency of contractions of each organ after treatment. The results show that the effect of AT varies depending on the organs and on the physiological state of the female. Whilst unfed virgin females did not show response to the peptide for neither of the applied doses, the ovaries showed a differential response, presenting the highest frequency of contractions in gravid individuals. An increase in the frequency of contractions of the oviducts was only observed in mated females. Uterus and spermathecae responded in both gravid and mated females, with maximum activity in the latter. In the bursa, responses were only detected in gravid females. The differential response of the organs seems to be associated to particular moments along the reproductive cycle, such as with the spermathecae that reacted to AT in both unfed mated and gravid females, when the movement of spermatozoids is physiologically crucial. Testes and accessory glands of the male, expressed the mRNA of AT precursor, suggesting that the male would modulate the contractile behavior of the female reproductive system after copula. The ovaries also expressed AT mRNA suggesting the existence of a paracrine/autocrine system modulating muscle contraction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neoplasms are among the most impacting disease diagnoses in veterinary medicine and have become increasingly common due to the greater longevity of animals as living conditions improved. The Mongolian gerbil is a small rodent species that has become popular recently. In these animals, the occurrence of neoplastic processes is relatively common, mainly tumors of the ventral gland in males and ovarian tumors in females. This work aims to report an ovarian tumor in a Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards 1867 (Rodentia, Muridae). At the initial presentation, the animal had dyspnea, prostration, and increased abdominal volume in the topography of the right ovary of approximately 2 cm. The animal was submitted to exploratory laparotomy because of the emergency nature of the case and the owners' refusal of additional exams due to financial restrictions. Thus, an ovariohysterectomy was performed, followed by a histopathological examination. The histopathology revealed an ovarian papillary carcinoma affecting both ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. With surgical removal and drainage of the thoracic fluid, the animal showed good recovery, with general improvement and return to regular activity, with a life expectancy of two years. Currently, the demand for specialized veterinarians for unconventional pets is increasing. This condition allows owners to raise their animals more properly, favoring greater longevity. Knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of diseases in different species is of enormous relevance in establishing the appropriate therapy, improving life quality, and increasing life expectancy in animals' lives.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El auge de la producción intensiva del avestruz, comenzó en la década de los noventa impulsada por la calidad de su carne y potencialidad de sus subproductos. La raza empleada para producción por la calidad nutricional y sabor de su carne es el híbrido llamado African black (Struthio camelus var. domesticus). En cuanto a la reproducción, el avestruz hembra alcanza su madurez sexual a partir de los 2,5 años. Es importante considerar el aparato genital en aves de producción, ya que una alteración en él, puede generar deficiencias en la fertilidad que se traducen en un menor número de crías. El estudio histológico del aparato reproductor de la hembra será una herramienta más que permitirá resolver problemas reproductivos. Para este análisis se obtuvo muestras de los diferentes segmentos del aparato reproductor de 6 avestruces hembras en edad reproductiva y se procesaron de acuerdo a las técnicas histológicas de rutina. Los cortes fueron observados, fotografiados y analizados bajo microscopio de luz. Obtenidas las fotografías, se analizó comparativamente su morfología con la descrita en la gallina (Gallus gallus). El aparato reproductor de la hembra tiene la particularidad de tener desarrollado solo el ovario y oviducto izquierdo. El ovario es de gran tamaño y en forma de racimo, el cual varía según la estacionalidad. Presenta folículos primordiales, previtelogénicos, vitelogénicos y atrésicos. Los folículos vitelogénicos presentan células de la granulosa y de la teca interna y externa. El oviducto presenta de cefálico a caudal los siguientes segmentos: infundíbulo, magnum, istmo, útero y vagina, que desemboca en la cloaca a nivel del urodeo. En ellos hay pliegues de variada longitud, grosor y número que comprometen la mucosa y submucosa, con glándulas de secreción mucosa y serosa a excepción de la vagina. El análisis histológico comparativo, permitió establecer que la morfología del aparato reproductor de la hembra es semejante a la observada en la gallina con ciertas diferencias microscópicas (Gallus gallus).

In the 1990's, ostrich production reached a peak in our country, boosted by the special characteristics of its meat and the potential of the derivatives. The breed raised is a hybrid called African Black (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) which has a high quality meat in terms of nutritional factors and flavor. With regard to reproduction, the female ostrich reaches maturity at the age of 2.5 years. Genital organs are very important in fowl's production, because they can generate fertility deficiencies that, in turn can diminish brood number. Histological analysis allows a better understanding of the basic structure of the female's genital organs and is a helpful tool to resolve breeding problems. For this analysis samples were obtained from the different segments of the reproductive system of 6 female ostrich in reproductive age. These samples were processed using standard histological technique. Sections were observed, photographed and analyzed under the light-microscope. Photographs were compared with hen's samples. The ostrich female's reproductive system has the particularity of having just the left ovary and oviduct developed. The ovary has a big size and a cluster shape which varies from season to season. It presents paramount, previtellogenic, vitellogenic and atresic follicles. The vitellogenic follicles have granulosa cells and inner and external theca. The oviduct presents cephalocaudally: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina, flowing into the urodeum. It shows long pleats of different length and number, with drusen of mucose and serose secretion, except in the vagina. The comparative histological analysis allowed us to establish that the basic structure of the female reproductive system is similar to that of the hen (Gallus gallus).

Assuntos

RESUMO

An adenoma of the uterine tube in a 14-year-old, mixed breed, female dog with history of abdominal distention is described. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 15 x 20 cm anechoic mass in the left caudal region of the abdominal cavity. Laparotomy was performed and the mass, within the left ovarian bursa, was surgically excised by ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, the left ovarian bursa was markedly increased in size (7 x 15 x 20 cm) and contained approximately 300ml of serosanguineous fluid that surrounded a 5 x 13 x 17 cm in diameter, red, papilliform, and soft mass. Histologically, the mass was characterized as an epithelial neoplastic proliferation arranged in a papilliform pattern. The numerous papillae were lined by a single layer of well-differentiated columnar ciliated cells, with occasional cuboidal cells, and supported by a dense fibrovascular stroma. Columnar cells contained abundant, slightly vacuolated and granular cytoplasm. The granules were located predominantly in the apical surface and were Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. Nuclei were round and polarized in the apical surface of the cell. Neoplastic cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and vimentin. The diagnosis of adenoma of uterine tube was based on the anatomic location, and histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An adenoma of the uterine tube in a 14-year-old, mixed breed, female dog with history of abdominal distention is described. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 15 x 20 cm anechoic mass in the left caudal region of the abdominal cavity. Laparotomy was performed and the mass, within the left ovarian bursa, was surgically excised by ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, the left ovarian bursa was markedly increased in size (7 x 15 x 20 cm) and contained approximately 300ml of serosanguineous fluid that surrounded a 5 x 13 x 17 cm in diameter, red, papilliform, and soft mass. Histologically, the mass was characterized as an epithelial neoplastic proliferation arranged in a papilliform pattern. The numerous papillae were lined by a single layer of well-differentiated columnar ciliated cells, with occasional cuboidal cells, and supported by a dense fibrovascular stroma. Columnar cells contained abundant, slightly vacuolated and granular cytoplasm. The granules were located predominantly in the apical surface and were Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. Nuclei were round and polarized in the apical surface of the cell. Neoplastic cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and vimentin. The diagnosis of adenoma of uterine tube was based on the anatomic location, and histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to examine the ovaries and the oviduct of juvenile females of the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802), using light microscopy, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. The ovarian cortex was observed to contain groups of germinative cells and abundant previtellogenic follicles at different stages of development. In previtellogenic follicles, the oocyte was surrounded by a single cuboidal layer of granulosa cells, supported by the theca layer. The theca was formed by a concentric layer containing collage nous fibers, predominantly type I, and several smooth muscle fibers. The inner perivitelline layer appeared as a narrow basophilic region between the oocyte and the granulosa. The ovarian medullary region of loose connective tissue contained blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as numerous lacunae, being covered by a simple squamous epithelium, supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The oviduct of C. latirostris showed five histologically distinct regions: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The infundibulum was composed of an irregularly folded mucosa covered by a simple columnar epithelium with the presence of ciliated cells, weakly reactive to PAS staining. In the magnum, the mucosa was highly folded, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium contains mucous cells, which reacted positively to PAS staining. The isthmus was lining by an epithelium of ciliated and non-ciliated secretory cells, but no gland was visualized in mucosa. In the uterus, the folded mucosa was composed of a simple epithelium of high cylindrical cells and the lamina propria, which was predominantly formed by strongly birefringent fibers, but yellow-green weakly birefringent fibers were also present. The epithelium of the vagina contained intensely ciliated and non-ciliated cells, both of which were positive to PAS staining and no gland was observed in this region. Although the ovary and the oviduct showed some morphological particularities, they are similar to other crocodilians.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to examine the ovaries and the oviduct of juvenile females of the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802), using light microscopy, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. The ovarian cortex was observed to contain groups of germinative cells and abundant previtellogenic follicles at different stages of development. In previtellogenic follicles, the oocyte was surrounded by a single cuboidal layer of granulosa cells, supported by the theca layer. The theca was formed by a concentric layer containing collage nous fibers, predominantly type I, and several smooth muscle fibers. The inner perivitelline layer appeared as a narrow basophilic region between the oocyte and the granulosa. The ovarian medullary region of loose connective tissue contained blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as numerous lacunae, being covered by a simple squamous epithelium, supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The oviduct of C. latirostris showed five histologically distinct regions: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The infundibulum was composed of an irregularly folded mucosa covered by a simple columnar epithelium with the presence of ciliated cells, weakly reactive to PAS staining. In the magnum, the mucosa was highly folded, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium contains mucous cells, which reacted positively to PAS staining. The isthmus was lining by an epithelium of ciliated and non-ciliated secretory cells, but no gland was visualized in mucosa. In the uterus, the folded mucosa was composed of a simple epithelium of high cylindrical cells and the lamina propria, which was predominantly formed by strongly birefringent fibers, but yellow-green weakly birefringent fibers were also present. The epithelium of the vagina contained intensely ciliated and non-ciliated cells, both of which were positive to PAS staining and no gland was observed in this region. Although the ovary and the oviduct showed some morphological particularities, they are similar to other crocodilians.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Rhyncophorus palmarum (Coleoptera) is a pest of great economic importance because of the damage caused in the plants of the Palmae family. This study showed that the female reproductive system of this beetle is composed of two ovaries of the telotrophic meroistic type invariably containing two ovarioles per ovary. Each ovariole is home to about 50 oocytes at different stages of maturation. The proximal region of the ovary is rather peculiar because it houses inside it a large quantity of bacilliform structures immersed in a glycolipoprotein substance, which has never before been described in the literature. The function of these structures is still unknown. However, it is suggested that they can function as a method of neutralizing the resistance of the plant because these insects are responsible for the transmission of the red ring disease to the palm plants.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a ultra-estrutura dos ovaríolos de Tropidacris collaris (Stoll), submetido aos fotoperíodos de 10L:14E, 12L:12E e 14L:10E. Foram utilizadas 60 ninfas (30 machos e 30 fêmeas) no último estágio de desenvolvimento, sendo colocados 10 casais em cada tratamento. Trinta dias após atingirem o estágio adulto, as fêmeas foram sedadas com éter etílico e dissecadas sob estereomicroscópio. Os ovaríolos foram fixados em Karnovsky (glutaraldeido 2,5 por cento, paraformaldeído 4 por cento e tampão cacodilato de sódio 0,1 M) e analisados em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e varredura. Os resultados mostraram não haver influência dos fotoperíodos sobre a ultra-estrutura dos ovaríolos, onde estes apresentaram-se revestidos por uma bainha espessa constituída por um material homogêneo e filamentoso. Na região do filamento terminal observaram-se células com núcleos volumosos, algumas com citoplasma escasso, além de estruturas filamentosas assumindo característica de tecido conjuntivo. No germário, as células germinativas são maiores, com núcleos volumosos, escassos citoplasma e membrana celular com interdigitações. As células foliculares são menores com núcleo pequeno, apresentando ainda projeções citoplasmáticas. No vitelário as células foliculares sofrem modificações na sua morfologia, variando de cúbica a achatada.

The research evaluated the ultrastructure of the ovarioles of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll), submitted to photoperiods 10L:14D, 12L:12D and 14L:10D. Sixty nymphs (30 males and 30 females) in the last stage of development were paired in ten couples in each treatment. Thirty days after adult emergence, the females were immobilized with ethylic ether and dissected under stereomicroscope. The ovarioles were transferred to Karnovsky fixative (2.5 percent glutaraldehyde, 4 percent paraformaldehyde and 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer) and analyzed in transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The different photoperiods had no effect on the ovarioles' ultrastructure. Each ovariole is covered by a thick sheath constituted by a homogeneous and filamentous material. In the terminal filament, there are cells with large nuclei, some with scarce cytoplasm and projections cytoplasmatic, besides filamentous structures assuming characteristic of conjunctive tissue. In the germarium, the germ cells are big with large nuclei, scarce cytoplasm and plasma membrane containing interdigitations. The follicular cells are small with a small nucleus, yet presenting cytoplasmatic projections. In the vitellarium the follicular cells suffer modifications in their morphology varying from cubic to flat.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The research aimed to study the histology of ovaries, lateral oviducts, common oviducts and spermatheca, and morphometry of the ovaries of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), reared under the photoperiods 10:14, 12:12 and 14:10 (L:D). Morphometry was conducted using a binocular magnifying glass adapted with a milimetric ocular, being registered the length and the width of the ovaries. Subsequently the ovarioles were separated and counted. For the histological analysis, the organs were fixated in alcoholic Boüin, included in paraplast and stained by H.E., Mallorys trichromic and P.A.S. Photoperiods studied did not influence the morphometry of the ovaries, number of ovarioles and the histology of the organs. The averages of the ovarioles number were of 195,62, 202,62 and 208,25 for the fotoperíodos of 10L:14D, 12L:12D and 14L:10D, respectively, being more numerous in the left-side ovary. Each ovarioles presented tubular morphology with distinct regions (terminal filament, germarium and vitellarium). The lateral oviducts are internally covered by simple cubic epithelial tissue with numerous folds, sustained on the connective tissue and, externally, by a striated muscular tissue layer. The common oviduct presents the same histological constitution of the lateral oviduct, except by the presence of the epithelium with cuticular intima and a well developed muscular layer. The spermatheca is constituted by columnar pseudo-stratified epithelial tissue with cuticular intima and striated muscular tissue associated to connective tissue.

RESUMO A pesquisa teve o objetivo de descrever a histologia dos ovários, ovidutos laterais, oviduto comum e espermateca, e realizar a morfometria dos ovários de Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), submetido aos fotoperíodos de 10L:14E, 12L:12E e 14L:10E. Para morfometria utilizou-se uma lupa binocular adaptada com uma ocular milimétrica, sendo registrado o comprimento e as larguras dos ovários. Posteriormente, os ovaríolos foram separados e contados. Para análise histológica, os órgãos foram fixados em Boüin alcoólico, incluídos em paraplast e corados pela H.E., tricrômico de Mallory e P.A.S (Ácido Periódico de Schiff). Os resultados mostraram que não houve influência dos fotoperíodos sobre a morfometria dos ovários, número de ovaríolos e histologia dos órgãos. Foram encontrados ovários préreprodutivos e reprodutivos. As médias do número de ovaríolos foram de 195,62, 202,62 e 208,25 para os fotoperíodos de 10L:14E, 12L:12E e 14L:10E, respectivamente, sendo mais numerosos no ovário esquerdo. Cada ovaríolo apresentou morfologia tubular com regiões bem distintas (filamento terminal, germário e vitelário). O oviduto lateral é revestido internamente por tecido epitelial simples cúbico com numerosas dobras, apoiado no tecido conjuntivo e externamente por uma camada de tecido muscular estriado. O oviduto comum apresenta a mesma constituição histológica do oviduto lateral, exceto pela presença de epitélio com íntima cuticular e uma camada muscular bem desenvolvida. A espermateca é constituída por tecido epitelial pseudo-estratificado colunar com íntima cuticular e tecido muscular estriado associado a tecido conjuntivo.

RESUMO

The anatomy of the female reproductive system of the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata does not differ substantially from the most Orthoptera. Glandular pouches of Comstock - Kellogg are present and well developed. The spermatheca is single with a distal diverticulate structure. There are two ovaries of the panoistic comb type, each one with 20-22 ovarioles. The pseudocollateral glands are fairly large and conspicuous. The histological studies of the ovariole and spermatheca revealed some distinct features.

A anatomia do aparelho reprodutor feminino do gafanhoto Abracris flavolineata não é muito diferente dos ortópteros em geral. Possui dois ovários panoísticos do tipo pente, contendo 20 a 22 ovaríolos cada. Apresenta glândulas de Comstock - Kellogg bem desenvolvidas; a espermateca é simples, provida de uma estrutura diverticular distal. As glândulas pseudo-colaterais são relativamente grandes e couspícuas. O estudo histológico dos ovaríolos e da espermateca revelou algumas características distintas.

RESUMO

The anatomy of the female reproductive system of the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata does not differ substantially from the most Orthoptera. Glandular pouches of Comstock - Kellogg are present and well developed. The spermatheca is single with a distal diverticulate structure. There are two ovaries of the panoistic comb type, each one with 20-22 ovarioles. The pseudocollateral glands are fairly large and conspicuous. The histological studies of the ovariole and spermatheca revealed some distinct features.

A anatomia do aparelho reprodutor feminino do gafanhoto Abracris flavolineata não é muito diferente dos ortópteros em geral. Possui dois ovários panoísticos do tipo pente, contendo 20 a 22 ovaríolos cada. Apresenta glândulas de Comstock - Kellogg bem desenvolvidas; a espermateca é simples, provida de uma estrutura diverticular distal. As glândulas pseudo-colaterais são relativamente grandes e couspícuas. O estudo histológico dos ovaríolos e da espermateca revelou algumas características distintas.