RESUMO
Resumen Introducción : El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es un pro blema de salud a nivel global. En el sector público de Bahía Blanca, el tamizaje de CCR es oportunista, por solicitud de sangre oculta en materia fecal (SOMF). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el acceso al tamiza je de CCR de la población con cobertura pública exclu siva que reside en el área programática 2 de la ciudad entre 2019 y 2021, y relevar las barreras y facilitadores que lo determinan. Métodos : Se estimó la tasa de uso anual y acumula da de SOMF. Las barreras y facilitadores se relevaron a través de 41 entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas al personal de salud del área programática, el Hospital Municipal, Secretaría de Salud y usuarios/no usuarios del sistema. Resultados : La tasa acumulada de uso de SOMF en el período fue 4.8%. Entre las barreras al tamizaje per cibidas se destacan: la dificultad en el acceso a estudios de mayor complejidad para pacientes con SOMF+, el desconocimiento y falta de percepción del CCR como un problema de salud por parte de la población y la baja adherencia de los profesionales a los lineamientos. La territorialidad y el vínculo de los centros de salud con la población, y la predisposición de usuarios y profesio nales a incorporar el tamizaje surgen como facilitadores del mismo. Conclusiones : El relevamiento de las barreras orien tará el diseño de estrategias adaptadas al contexto que permitan en el futuro reforzar el tamizaje.
Abstract Introduction : Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem. In the public sector of Bahía Blanca, CRC screening is opportunistic, through the request of fecal occult blood test (FOBT). The objective of this study is to describe access to CRC screening for the population with exclusive public coverage residing in the program matic area 2 of the city between 2019 and 2021, and to identify the barriers and facilitators that determine it. Methods : The annual and cumulative usage rate was estimated based on the number of patients who requested FOBT. The barriers and facilitators were studied through 41 semi-structured individual inter views to healthcare staff from the area, the Municipal Hospital, Health Secretariat and users/non-users of the system. Results : The cumulative usage rate of FOBT during the period was less than 5%. Among the perceived bar riers to screening, we found: the difficulties in accessing more complex studies for patients with positive FOBT, the lack of population awareness and perception of CRC as a health problem, the low adherence of professionals to guidelines. The territoriality and link of health centers with the population, as well as the willingness of users and professionals to incorporate screening, emerge as facilitators. Conclusion : The identification of barriers and facilita tors will allow the design of context-adapted strategies that will strengthen screening in the future.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem. In the public sector of Bahía Blanca, CRC screening is opportunistic, through the request of fecal occult blood test (FOBT). The objective of this study is to describe access to CRC screening for the population with exclusive public coverage residing in the programmatic area 2 of the city between 2019 and 2021, and to identify the barriers and facilitators that determine it. METHODS: The annual and cumulative usage rate was estimated based on the number of patients who requested FOBT. The barriers and facilitators were studied through 41 semi-structured individual interviews to healthcare staff from the area, the Municipal Hospital, Health Secretariat and users/non-users of the system. RESULTS: The cumulative usage rate of FOBT during the period was less than 5%. Among the perceived barriers to screening, we found: the difficulties in accessing more complex studies for patients with positive FOBT, the lack of population awareness and perception of CRC as a health problem, the low adherence of professionals to guidelines. The territoriality and link of health centers with the population, as well as the willingness of users and professionals to incorporate screening, emerge as facilitators. CONCLUSION: The identification of barriers and facilitators will allow the design of context-adapted strategies that will strengthen screening in the future.
Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es un problema de salud a nivel global. En el sector público de Bahía Blanca, el tamizaje de CCR es oportunista, por solicitud de sangre oculta en materia fecal (SOMF). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el acceso al tamizaje de CCR de la población con cobertura pública exclusiva que reside en el área programática 2 de la ciudad entre 2019 y 2021, y relevar las barreras y facilitadores que lo determinan. Métodos: Se estimó la tasa de uso anual y acumulada de SOMF. Las barreras y facilitadores se relevaron a través de 41 entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas al personal de salud del área programática, el Hospital Municipal, Secretaría de Salud y usuarios/no usuarios del sistema. Resultados: La tasa acumulada de uso de SOMF en el período fue 4.8%. Entre las barreras al tamizaje percibidas se destacan: la dificultad en el acceso a estudios de mayor complejidad para pacientes con SOMF+, el desconocimiento y falta de percepción del CCR como un problema de salud por parte de la población y la baja adherencia de los profesionales a los lineamientos. La territorialidad y el vínculo de los centros de salud con la población, y la predisposición de usuarios y profesionales a incorporar el tamizaje surgen como facilitadores del mismo. Conclusiones: El relevamiento de las barreras orientará el diseño de estrategias adaptadas al contexto que permitan en el futuro reforzar el tamizaje.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Sangue Oculto , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brasil , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Entrevistas como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The fecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) is a simple colorectal-cancer screening test. There are no recent studies evaluating the benefits of doing more than one a year. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performing the test for 3 consecutive days in terms of detecting cancer and advanced adenomas. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective review of records of patients who had daily tests for 3 consecutive days and had at least one positive during the period from 2009-2011. RESULTS: A total of 456 records were reviewed, 410 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the participants were men (95.9%), with the mean age of all the participants being 64.3 (±7.8) years. Regarding the FIT results, 18.8% had positive results on all 3 tests, 20.2% had 2 positive tests, and 61.0% had 1 positive FIT. There were 16 (3.9%) patients in the studied sample that had colon cancer. Their lesions were located predominantly in the distal colon (ratio of distal to proximal: 2:1). The patients with 3 positive FITs had a higher prevalence of advanced adenomas (33.3% vs. 13.4%, respectively; P < .05). DISCUSSION: Our study showed a low concordance between daily consecutive tests results. those patients with more than 1 positive FIT had a higher prevalence of advanced adenoma or adenocarcinoma than patients who had only one. Fewer than 4% of the patients in our study had colon cancer. Prospective studies would be needed to determine the effectiveness of more than 1 annual FIT in colon cancer prevention.
Assuntos
Adenoma , Neoplasias do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Idoso , Colonoscopia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sangue Oculto , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en Argentina. Debido a su alta prevalencia es fundamental normatizar un programa de pesquisa para la prevención y detección temprana. La precisión del test de sangre oculta en materia fecal inmunológico (SOMFi) para pesquisa de CCR en población de riesgo promedio ha demostrado ser adecuada según la bibliografía internacional, no habiendo, sin embargo, información a nivel local. El objetivo es evaluar en nuestro medio la precisión diagnóstica del test de SOMFi en una única ronda para la pesquisa de CCR en pacientes de riesgo promedio. Diseño: Prospectivo de precisión diagnóstica. Material y Método: Se incluyeron pacientes con riesgo promedio que consultaron para realizar una videocolonoscopía (VCC) por pesquisa de CCR en el Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, entre el 1 de junio del 2015 y 31 diciembre de 2017. Se excluyeron todos los pacientes con riesgo incrementado para CCR. Todos los pacientes realizaron el test de SOMFi y posteriormente la VCC. Los endoscopistas estaban ciegos para el resultado del test al momento de realizar la VCC. Se evaluó la precisión diagnóstica del test SOMFi para detectar lesiones neoplásicas avanzadas (LNA) calculando la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VVP) y negativo (VVN), coeficiente de probabilidad positivo (CP+) y negativo (CP-). Se evaluó también la precisión para la detección de adenomas de bajo riesgo, pólipos aserrados y CCR. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 300 pacientes; 273 (91%) entregaron la muestra de materia fecal para realizar el test de SOMFi y completaron la VCC. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 56.9 (40-85) años y 54% fueron hombres. Del total de pacientes que realizaron ambos estudios (273), 53 pacientes (19%) presentaron al menos un adenoma de bajo riesgo, en 18 pacientes (6,59%) observamos al menos un adenoma aserrado sésil y en 21 pacientes (7,7%) al menos una lesión neoplásica avanzada (LNA). Solo 4 pacientes (1.5%) presentaron CCR. En cuanto a la precisión diagnóstica del test de SOMFi en una única ronda para detectar LNA observamos una S de 30%, E de 84%, VPP de 13% y un VPN de 94%. Para adenomas de bajo riesgo observamos una S de 13%, E de 84%, VPP de 17%, VPN de 79%. Para adenomas aserrados sésiles observamos una S de 16.7%, E de 87%, VPP de 11% y de VPN 91%. La precisión para el CCR fue la siguiente, S de 75%, E de 83%, VPP 6%, VPN 99%. No se observaron complicaciones post procedimientos. Conclusiones: La precisión diagnóstica del test de SOMFi en nuestro medio es comparable a los resultados internacionales. Sin embargo, la baja precisión observada en una única ronda realza la necesidad de realizarlo de forma anual o bianual para poder optimizar su precisión y lograr programas de pesquisa efectivos.(AU)
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in Argentina. Due to its high prevalence, it is essential to standardize a screening program for prevention and early detection. According to international literature, the accuracy of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT) for CRC screening in an average-risk population has proven to be adequate, but there is no information at the local level. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FIT test in a single round for CRC screening in average-risk patients in our setting. Design: Diagnostic accuracy prospective study. Material and Methods: Average-risk patients who consulted for a CRC screening video colonoscopy (VCC) at the Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, between June 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 were included. All patients with increased risk for CRC were excluded. All patients performed FIT and subsequently VCC. The endoscopists were blind to FIT result at the time of VCC. The diagnostic accuracy of FIT to detect advanced neoplastic lesions (ANL) was evaluated by calculating sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-). The accuracy for the detection of low-risk adenomas, serrated polyps and CRC was also evaluated. Results: A total of 300 patients were included; 273 (91%) submitted the stool sample to perform FIT and completed VCC. The mean age of patients was 56.9 (40-85) years and 54% were men. Of the total number of patients who carried out both studies (273), 53 (19%) patients had at least one low-risk adenoma, 18 (6.59%) patients had at least one sessile serrated adenoma and 21 (7.7%) patients had at least one ANL. Only 4 (1.5%) patients presented CRC. The diagnostic accuracy of FIT in a single round to detect ANL was: S 30%, Sp 84%, PPV 13%, NPV 94%; for low-risk adenomas: S 13%, Sp 84%, PPV 17%, NPV 79%; for sessile serrated adenomas: S 16.7%, Sp 87%, PPV 11%, NPV 91% and for CRC: S 75%, Sp 83%, PPV 6%, NPV 99%. No post-procedure complications were observed. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of FIT in our setting is comparable to international results. However, the low precision observed in a single round highlights the need to do it annually or biannually in order to optimize its accuracy and achieve effective screening programs. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Sangue Oculto , Argentina , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Colonoscopia/métodosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Globally, colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death among men and the second among women, corresponding to about 10% of all cancers. The Brazilian Ministry of Health and National Cancer Institute recommend the screening of colorectal cancer for people over 50 years-old with Fecal Occult Blood Test. Endoscopy is limited to patients with positive screening results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of malignant or premalignant lesions diagnosed by endoscopy in patients with positive or negative Fecal Occult Blood Test and assess the efficacy of Fecal Occult Blood Test to predict the finding of a malignant colorectal lesion. We carried out a cross-sectional study among patients with a Fecal Occult Blood Test result that were submitted to colonoscopy, in the same hospital, from March 2016 to July 2017. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of Fecal Occult Blood Test compared to colonoscopy neoplastic findings was calculated. The total of 92 patients were enrolled, 52 (56.5%) were female, Fecal Occult Blood Test was positive in 42.4% of them and in 41 (44.6%) the colonoscopy showed abnormal findings. Polyps were the most frequent alteration, found in 20 patients (21.7%). Among the patients with polyps, 15 (16.3%) had neoplastic and 5 (5.4%) presented non-neoplastic polyps. The Fecal Occult Blood Test sensitivity for detection of neoplastic polyps was 66.7%, specificity 62.3%, positive predictive value 11% and negative predictive value was 94.2%. Considering the need for a screening method, Fecal Occult Blood Test showed to be an effective and reliable screening test that can be applied in public health programs to detect and prevent colorectal cancer.
RESUMO Globalmente, o carcinoma colorretal é a terceira principal causa de morte por neoplasia entre homens e a segunda entre mulheres, correspondendo a 10% de todas as neoplasias. O Ministério da Saúde Brasileiro e o Instituto Nacional do Câncer recomendam a triagem do câncer colorretal para indivíduos acima de 50 anos, utilizando a Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes. A endoscopia é reservada para aqueles com Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes positiva. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a incidência de lesões malignas/pré-malignas diagnósticas na colonoscopia e correlacionar com os resultados prévios da Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto e verificar a eficácia da Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto para predizer uma lesão colorretal maligna. Realizamos um estudo transversal em pacientes que apresentavam resultados positivos ou negativos de Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes e foram submetidos à colonoscopia, na mesma instituição, entre março de 2016 e julho de 2017. Dos 92 participantes; 52 (56,5%) eram do sexo feminino, a Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes foi positiva em 42,4%; e em 41 (44,6%) a colonoscopia mostrou alterações. Em 20 pacientes (21,7%) havia pólipos; 15 (16,3%) eram neoplásicos e 5 (5,4%) não neoplásicos. A sensibilidade da Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes para detecção de pólipos neoplásicos foi 66,7%; a especificidade 62,3%; o valor preditivo positivo 11% e o valor preditivo negativo 94,2%. Considerando a necessidade de um método de triagem, a Pesquisa de Sangue Oculto nas fezes mostrou ser um exame de triagem eficaz e confiável para ser aplicado em programas de saúde pública com o objetivo de detectar e prevenir o carcinoma colorretal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Doenças do Colo , Sangue Oculto , Adenocarcinoma , Adenoma , Pólipos do Colo , Triagem , ColonoscopiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Chile, a national colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program using immunochemical fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy was started in 2012 as an international collaboration between Chile and Japan. In the present study, we quantified exosomes in the peripheral blood and evaluated the implication of the results for CRC screening. METHODS: A total of 25 peripheral plasma samples from the participants of CRC screening in Punta Arenas, Chile, were analyzed for exosomes. RESULTS: Plasma exosomes were obtained from 5 participants with adenocarcinoma (4 pTis and 1 pT1), 8 with high-grade adenoma, 4 with low-grade adenoma, 4 with hyperplastic polyps, and 4 with normal findings. Participants with adenocarcinoma had significantly higher amounts of plasma exosomes (2.1-3.2 fold) than participants with normal findings, hyperplastic polyps, or low-grade adenoma (p = 0.016, p = 0.0034, and p = 0.0042 respectively; Tukey's multiple comparisons test). The size of the representative lesion, the number of lesions, and the sum of those 2 factors in each participant correlated significantly with the exosome amounts (r = 0.56, r = 0.58, and r = 0.72, respectively; p < 0.01; Spearman's correlation coefficient test). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated that quantification of plasma exosomes is a potential alternative screening method for detecting individuals with a high risk of colorectal malignancy.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Exossomos , Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenoma/sangue , Adenoma/patologia , Idoso , Chile , Colo/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sangue Oculto , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs based on the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) reduce CRC mortality. We carried out an observational prospective study to determine the accuracy of immunochemical FOBTs for the detection of CRC in individuals at average risk for the disease. METHODS: This population-based study was performed between April 2015 and January 2016 in two gastroenterology referral centers in Southern Brazil. It included 1039 average-risk volunteers aged 50-75 years who were symptom-free for colonic disease. Participants underwent OC-Light immunochemical fecal occult blood test (i-FOBT, EIKEN chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan) as well as screening colonoscopy. RESULTS: Nine hundred forty-eight (91.2%) of the 1039 participants completed and returned the i-FOBT (95% confidence interval [CI] 89.4-92.9). Among the 73 participants with a positive i-FOBT who underwent colonoscopy, advanced CRC was detected in 9 (12.3%). Two (2.7%) early CRCs, 7 (9.5%) high-grade dysplasia adenomas and 25 (34.2%) low-grade dysplasia adenomas were also diagnosed. Among the 243 negative i-FOBT cases who underwent colonoscopy, one (0.4%) advanced CRC and 91 (37.6%) low-grade dysplasia adenomas were detected. The detection rate of CRC considering the whole screened population (n=1039) was 1.05% (11/1039). CONCLUSIONS: The i-FOBT test in the CRC screening programs in Brazil showed a high compliance and high detection rates for cancers and high-risk adenomas. The i-FOBT test is feasible for CRC screening in an average-risk population.
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Introducción: la secuencia adenoma- adenocarcinoma, es resultado de fallos genéticos en las células intestinales heredados o adquiridos. Objetivo: determinar la posible relación entre la inmunoexpresión de la p53 y la positividad de la sangre oculta en heces en los adenomas de colon con alto grado de displasia diagnosticados en pacientes colecistectomizados o con colelitiasis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en el Instituto de Gastroenterología, en el período de mayo de 2013 hasta junio de 2015. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas descriptiva y de chi Cuadrado y probabilidad exacta de Fisher. Resultados: la proporción de adenomas con alto grado de displasia fue similar en pacientes colecistectomizados y con colelitiasis (50 por ciento) respectivamente. Una alta proporción se diagnosticó en colecistectomizados femeninas (35 por ciento), con 60 y más años de edad (53 por ciento) y 11 y más años de colecistectomizados (60 por ciento), mientras que en las colelitiasis fueron masculinos (30 por ciento). Conclusiones: una alta proporción de adenomas con alto grado de displasia presentan inmunoexpresión de la p53 y sangre en heces positiva en pacientes colecistectomizados y con colelitiasis, que se reporta por vez primera(AU)
Introduction: The adenoma - adenocarcinoma sequence is a result of inherited or acquired genetic failures in the intestinal cells. Objective: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and the positivity of the fecal occult blood test in colon adenomas with high degree of diagnosed dysplasia in cholecystectomized patients or with cholelithiasis. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the Institute of Gastroenterology in the period of May, 2013 to June, 2015. Statistical tests were statistics testing, exact Chi Square and Fisher's probability tests. Results: The proportion of adenomas with high degree of dysplasia was similar in cholecystectomized patientsand with cholelithiasis (50 percent) respectively. A high proportion diagnosed in colecistectomizados women (35 percent), 60 and more years of age (53 percent) and 11 and more years of performed cholecystectomy (60 percent), whereas cholelithiasis prevailed in males (30 percent). Conclusions: High proportion of adenomas with high degree of dysplasia present p 53 immunoexpression and positive fecal occult blood test in cholecystectomized patients and patients with cholelithiasis that is reported for the first time(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adenoma/imunologia , Colecistostomia/métodos , Colelitíase/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Genes p53/imunologia , Sangue Oculto , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
En los últimos años, se ha observado un aumento sostenido de la mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en Chile, por lo que su prevención y detección precoz cobra cada vez más importancia. El riesgo de CCR de un individuo asintomático se determina considerando sus antecedentes familiares (AF). Personas sin AF tienen un riesgo promedio que aumenta después de los 50 años de edad, momento en que se sugiere iniciar exámenes preventivos anuales con Test de Sangre Oculta en Deposiciones inmunológico (TSODi), seguido de una colonoscopía al obtener un resultado positivo. Individuos con AF tienen un riesgo elevado y requieren una colonoscopía sin previo TSODi los más tardar a los 40 años. En el caso de una sospecha de un Síndrome de Lynch (SL) por criterios clínicos (Amsterdam/Bethesda) y/o estudio genético, el riesgo es alto lo que justifica una vigilancia estricta con colonoscopía anual a partir de los 25 años.
Over the past years, a sustained increase of mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in Chile. In this scenario, CRC screening and prevention are gaining more and more importance. Family history (FH) is essential to determine the CRC risk in asymptomatic subjects. Persons without any FH have an average CRC risk which increases after age 50 moment in which CRC screening should start with a yearly immunological fecal occult blood test (iFOBT), followed by colonoscopy in case of obtaining a positive result. Subjects with FH present an elevated CRC risk, and should under go colonoscopy without prior iFOBT at age 40 or earlier. If FH suggests the presence of a Lynch Syndrome (LS) by clinical criteria (Amsterdam/Bethesda) and/or genetic testing, the subject is at high risk, and a close surveillance with annual colonoscopies starting at age 25 is warranted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Prevenção de Doenças , Diagnóstico Precoce , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Colonoscopia , Sangue OcultoRESUMO
RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal é causa de morte de cerca de 500.000 pessoas-ano em todo o mundo, sendo a terceira principal causa de óbito por neoplasia. A mortalidade destes pacientes está diretamente relacionada com o estádio em que é feito o diagnóstico. O rastreamento leva ao diagnóstico precoce, sendo uma forma eficaz de diminuir a mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Estimar qual o efeito de uma campanha de prevenção do câncer colorretal em um município brasileiro, estimar a incidência da doença e antever redução da incidência de CCR a longo prazo. MÉTODOS: O rastreamento consistiu de em realizar o teste de sangue oculto do tipo imunológico (Hemosure®), em toda população acima de 40 anos que estivesse assintomática e que nunca tivesse sido rastreada para câncer colorretal. As pessoas que apresentassem resultado negativo eram cadastradas para exame de controle anual. Já os com positivo eram encaminhados à colonoscopia para avaliar a presença de lesões neoplásicas ou pré-neoplásicas e se presentes seguiam para tratamento. Todos os pacientes deveriam ser seguidos por período de pelo menos 10 anos. Durante quatro dias esteve exposto no Ginásio Desportivo Municipal, o "Intestino Gigante" - réplica do cólon humano criado pela ABRAPRECI - informando de forma clara e expositiva à população quais as principais partes e doenças deste órgão, através de alto-falantes embutidos na sua estrutura. O Hemosure® foi o teste de sangue oculto empregado. Pacientes que apresentaram resultados com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica ou outro tipo de tratamento eram referenciados para centros especializados próximos RESULTADOS: No período de agosto de 2006 a março de 2007 foram entregues 4.567 Hemosure® para pessoas que atendiam os critérios de inclusão. Esse número correspondeu a 54,8 por cento da população acima de 40 anos do município. Do total, 905 (19,8 por cento) não foram devolvidos e 22 (0,5 por cento) não puderam ser analisados. Desta forma, 3.640 exames foram analisados, o que corresponde a 43,7 por cento da população alvo e 79,7 por cento dos exames distribuídos. Foram obtidos 390 exames com resultado positivo (10,7 por cento) e 3.250 negativos (89,3 por cento). Dos 245 pacientes positivos convocados a realizar colonoscopia, 33 (13,5 por cento) se recusaram. Das 212 colonoscopias realizadas foram diagnosticados: 53 pacientes com doença diverticular, 59 com 1 ou mais pólipos, 9 com adenocarcinomas e 91 colonoscopias normais. Os pacientes com adenocarcinoma, 3 foram tratados endoscopicamente por portarem lesão pequena e precoce, os outros 6 pacientes foram encaminhados para tratamento cirúrgico e quimioterápico. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados preliminares são insuficientes para estimar qual foi o real efeito da campanha, contudo, pode-se antever redução da incidência de CCR a longo prazo, além de antecipação do diagnóstico e, portanto, do estádio da doença melhorando o prognóstico.
BACKGROUND: The colorectal cancer accounts for about 500,000 deaths/year worldwide and ranks third in death by neoplasia. Patient mortality is directly related to its stage when diagnosed. Screening allows early diagnosis, reason why it turns out to be an effective tool to reduce mortality. AIM: To assess the impacts of the colorectal cancer prevention campaign in a Brazilian municipality, to estimate the disease occurrence and to forecast reduction of its incidence in the long term. METHODS: The Giant Colon, a replica of the human colon, created by ABRAPRECI, was exposed in the local Sports Gymnasium, in order to educate the population on the parts of the organ and the main diseases affecting it. Screening was then performed with the occult blood test kit, (Hemosure®), immunological type, in the population over 40 years of age, asymptomatic and without previous CRC screening. People with negative results were registered for annual control and those with positive result were referred to colonoscopy to determine the presence of neoplasic or pre-neoplasic lesions as well as their treatment. All patients were supposed to be followed up for at least 10 years. People needing surgery or other treatment were referred to neighboring specialized centers. RESULTS: From August 2006 to March 2007, 4,567 Hemosure® tests were delivered to people who met the inclusion criteria. This figure corresponded to 54.8 percent of the local population over 40 years. Out of this total, 905 (19.8 percent) were not returned and 22 (0.5 percent) could not be analyzed. Therefore, 3,640 tests, 43.7 percent of the target population, were analyzed, totaling 79.7 percent of the tests handed out. Results were positive in 390 (10.7 percent) exams and negative in 3,250 (89.3 percent). Out of the 245 patients with positive result and referred to colonoscopy, 33 (13.5 percent) refused to undergo the exam. The results of the 212 performed colonoscopies were: 53 patients with diverticular disease, 59 with 1 or more polyps, 9 with adenocarcinoma and 91 were normal. Out of the patients with adenocarcinoma, 3 were treated endoscopically since lesions were small and detected at an early stage and the other 6 were referred to surgery and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results are not sufficient to estimate the actual impact of the campaign. However, it is possible to count on the reduction of CRC occurrence in the long term as well as better prognostics thanks to early detection and staging of the disease.