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Fathers are potential leaders of healthy behavior changes in their families. Culturally tailored programs are needed to support behavior changes within families, including Latino families; however, there have been few father-focused nutrition programs for Latino families. This study evaluated the immediate effects of ¡Haz Espacio Para Papi! (Make Room for Daddy!; HEPP), a six-week, father-focused, family-centered program focused on nutrition and physical activity near the Texas-Mexico border. A modified stepped-wedge study design included a treatment group for the HEPP pilot and a wait-listed control group. Pre/post-tests included instant skin carotenoid scores, the self-reported dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FV), and healthy dietary behavior scores (HDBSs). A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance evaluated changes in outcomes across time and between groups for 42 fathers with pre/post-test measures. There were no statistically significant changes in fathers' VM scores and FV intake across time or between groups. Fathers' HDBSs increased across time (p ≤ 0.01, 95% CI [0.23, 1.38]). Age, educational attainment, and the number of children living in the household did not have a significant effect on the program outcomes (p > 0.05). The HEPP program may guide the design of future father-focused nutrition interventions aimed at dietary behavior changes.

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INTRODUCTION: The incidence of sleep deprivation has increased in pediatric populations, however, the relationship with physical activity (PA) remains uncertain and lacks evidence. Although some studies have shown that parents' lifestyle habits can influence this process, one point that requires further clarification in the literature is whether parents' sleep quality is linked to that of their children and whether parents' physical activity could play an important role in these possible relationships. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of sleep quality between parents and children and verify the role of physical activity in this association. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire. The amount of sleep was estimated by the number of hours slept. PA domains (occupational activities, leisure, and active commuting) were assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, while moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed with an accelerometer. Socioeconomic status was obtained through a questionnaire. The relationship of sleep quality between parents and children was carried out using hierarchical models with Binary Logistic Regression, where the factors were inserted one by one (1. unadjusted model; 2. sociodemographic variables; 3. children's PA; 4. parents' PA). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 102 children and adolescents (6-17 years), 92 mothers, and 69 fathers. Poor sleep quality of mothers was associated with their children's sleep quality (OR = 3.95; 95%CI = 1.33-11.38; P = 0.013). After inserting mothers' PA intensity into the final model, the associations remained significant (OR = 8.05; 1.33-48.59; P = 0.023). No relationship was observed between poor sleep quality of fathers and their children's sleep quality. CONCLUSION: The relationship between poor sleep quality of mothers and that of their children remained significant, regardless of confounding variables.

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Background: Paternal involvement during pregnancy has been shown to have a positive impact on the mother-baby dyad during and after birth. The presence of the father during birth also positively influences father-child attachment, reduces, apprehension, and stress, increases maternal satisfaction, and increases love and respect for the partners. This study explored the experiences of fathers who were present in the delivery room during the delivery process. Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted at a maternity hospital in Kingston, Jamaica from June to July 2022. A total of ten (10) fathers of babies delivered within six weeks were purposefully selected to be interviewed via telephone over four weeks. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results: Four sub-themes and one theme were extracted from data analysis. Fathers perceived satisfaction and empowerment in the shadow of positive and negative feelings as the theme. Sub-themes emerged from the data including "clinician's acceptance and support", "close bonding and attachment with mother and baby", "preparedness of fathers to give support", and "inspiring and amazing feeling by fatherhood experiences". Conclusion: Fathers experienced the feeling of empowerment and wished to take up their role during the delivery of their newborns. Their experiences were influenced by the midwives and the resources available to support their accommodation. More policies are needed to strengthen the fathers' involvement during antenatal clinic visits, delivery, and postnatal care.

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OBJETIVO: Compreender a percepção masculina sobre sua própria participação durante a gestação. MÉTODO: Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez homens acompanhantes de puérperas em Alojamento Conjunto, e submetidas a análise temática. RESULTADOS: De maneira geral, a participação do homem no pré-natal ocorreu no acompanhamento nas consultas, em exames e no suporte na realização das tarefas domésticas. Algumas limitações foram a rotina de trabalho e aspectos jurídicos relacionados a questões trabalhistas. Os entrevistados apontaram sugestões para maior incentivo na sua participação e na inclusão na vivência da gestação e do pré-natal. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais da área devem dar voz aos pais, e devem inseri-los como alvo das ações em saúde, tornando-o também protagonista neste momento, e assim reforçando as boas práticas assistenciais determinadas por políticas governamentais.

OBJECTIVE: To understand men's experiences and perceptions of their involvement in pregnancy. METHOD: A descriptive, qualitative research approach was used. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten male partners of postpartum women in a shared accommodation setting and subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Overall, men's involvement in prenatal care included attending medical appointments, being present during examinations, and assisting with household tasks. Some limitations included work routines and legal aspects related to work issues. Respondents suggested ways to encourage greater involvement and inclusion in the experience of pregnancy and prenatal care. CONCLUSION: Health professionals should give fathers a voice and include them as targets of health initiatives, making them active participants during this period and reinforcing good health practices set by government policies.

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BACKGROUND: The hospitalization of a preterm infant in the NICU can lead to mental health difficulties in parents, but not much is known how paternal anxiety might affect the mother-infant relationship. METHODS: This prospective cohort study is a secondary analysis investigating how paternal anxiety levels might affect maternal bonding in the NICU using the dataset of the multinational pragmatic randomized controlled trial LongSTEP. A linear mixed-effects model was used for correlations of paternal anxiety (GAD-7) and maternal bonding (PBQ) at NICU discharge, and at 6 and 12 months infant corrected age. Secondary analyses examined effects on paternal anxiety related to: site (Argentina, Colombia, Israel, Norway, and Poland), maternal depression (EPDS), infant gestational age at birth, paternal age, and type of pregnancy. RESULTS: Paternal anxiety did not predict maternal bonding at NICU discharge (p = 0.096), at 6 months (p = 0.316), or at 12 months infant corrected age (p = 0.473). Secondary outcomes showed a statistically significant site effect, with higher paternal anxiety levels at the two Colombian sites at baseline (p = 0.014 and p = 0.020) and for one site at discharge (p = 0.012), but not for paternal age (p = 0.925 and p = 0.793), infant gestational age at birth (p = 0.974 and p = 0.686 and p = 0.340), or type of pregnancy (p = 0.381). Maternal depression predicted paternal anxiety at baseline (p < 0.001) and at discharge (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, paternal anxiety did not predict maternal bonding. Paternal anxiety varied by site, indicating a need for research on potential cultural differences in manifestation of paternal anxiety. Maternal depression predicted paternal anxiety, confirming a previously reported correlation. Further research on variations in paternal mental health in the neonatal period is warranted, as well as exploration of the social contagion of mental health in preterm parents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03564184.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature and summarize the elements and characteristics of fatherhood involved during pregnancy. Method: Scoping review that used PRISMA-ScR guide to report this review. Searches were carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LILACS and Scopus. Google search engines and public health agency websites assisted in searches of gray literature and Rayyan in screening studies. Results: A total of 406 articles were identified, of which 16 made up the final sample. Five elements make up an involved fatherhood: feeling like a father, being a provider and protector, being a partner and participant in pregnancy, participating in prenatal appointments and feeling prepared to take care of a baby. Conclusion: Fathers want to be involved in prenatal care, but feel excluded from this process. Public policies that encourage paternal involvement and healthcare professional training to better welcome and promote paternal involvement are of paramount importance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura y resumir los elementos y características de la paternidad involucrada durante el embarazo. Método: Scoping review que utilizó la guía PRISMA-ScR para informar esta revisión. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LILACS y Scopus. Los motores de búsqueda de Google y los sitios web de agencias de salud pública ayudaron en las búsquedas de literatura gris y el software Rayyan en estudios de detección. Resultados: Se identificaron 406 artículos, 16 de los cuales constituyeron la muestra final. Cinco elementos componen una paternidad involucrada: sentirse padre, ser proveedor y protector, ser pareja y partícipe del embarazo, participar en las consultas prenatales y sentirse preparado para cuidar a un bebé. Conclusión: Los padres quieren participar en la atención prenatal, pero se sienten excluidos de este proceso. Las políticas públicas que fomenten la participación paterna y la formación de profesionales de la salud para acoger y promover mejor la participación paterna son de suma importancia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura e sintetizar os elementos e as características da paternidade envolvida durante a gestação. Método: Scoping review que utilizou o guia PRISMA-ScR para reportar esta revisão. Buscas foram realizadas nas bases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LILACS e Scopus. Os mecanismos de busca do Google e sites de órgãos de saúde pública auxiliaram nas buscas na literatura cinzenta e o software Rayyan na triagem dos estudos. Resultados: Foram capturados 406 artigos, dos quais 16 compuseram a amostra final. Cinco elementos compõem uma paternidade envolvida: sentir-se pai, ser provedor e protetor, ser parceiro e participativo na gravidez, participar das consultas de pré-natal e sentir-se preparado para cuidar do bebê. Conclusão: O pai deseja estar envolvido nos cuidados pré-natais, porém sente-se excluído deste processo. Políticas públicas que estimulem o envolvimento paterno e a capacitação de profissionais de saúde para melhor acolher e promover o envolvimento paterno são de suma importância.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the validity, structure, and reliability of a Turkish version of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale. The Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale consists of two parts, namely, Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Fathers' Participation in Breastfeeding Process. Totally, the scale consists of 28 items, of which 14 items belong to Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and 14 items belong to Fathers' Participation in Breastfeeding Process. There is no report of a validity and reliability study in the original scale. Currently, there is no validated and reliable scale to assess Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitudes and Involvement in Turkish literature and other languages. In this context, the psychometric properties of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitudes and Involvement Scale were examined. METHODS: The instruments were translated and adapted according to the WHO guidelines. RESULTS: The Turkish version of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. CONCLUSION: The use of the validated instrument to examine fathers' breastfeeding attitudes and participation in the breastfeeding process will provide data to guide as it is a determinant of breastfeeding behavior.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contributions of digital educational technologies, designed for fathers, in promoting breastfeeding. Method: a literature review, integrative type, carried out in December 2022, after electronic consultations in the CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS and LILACS databases, without restriction of language and publication time. Article selection and information extraction were performed by peers independently. Results: sample of seven articles were published between 2017 and 2022 in Australia, Canada and Ethiopia. Digital educational technologies developed for fathers were mobile apps, eHealth resources, and text messaging. These technologies contributed to improve access to information, sharing of experiences, paternal self-efficacy to support breastfeeding, knowledge and attitude about infant feeding, consequently, improving breastfeeding rates. Conclusion: digital educational technologies on breastfeeding, designed for fathers, are poorly studied. However, they are fundamental to improve paternal support in promoting breastfeeding; therefore, more research is needed for the development of other digital educational technologies for this target audience.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las contribuciones de las tecnologías educativas digitales, diseñadas para padres, en la promoción de la lactancia materna. Método: revisión de literatura, tipo integradora, realizada en diciembre de 2022, previa consulta electrónica en las bases de datos CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, BDENF, IBECS y LILACS, sin restricción de idioma y tiempo de publicación. La selección de artículos y extracción de información fue realizada por pares de forma independiente. Resultados: muestra de siete artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en Australia, Canadá y Etiopía. Las tecnologías educativas digitales desarrolladas para los padres fueron aplicaciones móviles, recursos de eHealth y mensajes de texto. Estas tecnologías han contribuido a mejorar el acceso a la información, el intercambio de experiencias, la autoeficacia paterna para apoyar la lactancia materna, el conocimiento y la actitud sobre la alimentación infantil, consecuentemente, mejorando las tasas de lactancia materna. Conclusión: las tecnologías educativas digitales sobre lactancia materna, diseñadas para padres, están poco estudiadas. Sin embargo, son fundamentales para mejorar el apoyo paterno en la promoción de la lactancia materna, por lo que se necesita más investigación para el desarrollo de otras tecnologías digitales educativas para este público objetivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as contribuições das tecnologias educacionais digitais, concebidas para os pais, na promoção do aleitamento materno. Método: revisão de literatura, tipo integrativa, realizada em dezembro de 2022, após consultas eletrônicas nas bases de dados CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, BDENF, IBECS e LILACS, sem restrição de idioma e de tempo de publicação. A seleção dos artigos e extração de informações foi realizada por pares de forma independente. Resultados: amostra de sete artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022, na Austrália, no Canadá e na Etiópia. As tecnologias educacionais digitais desenvolvidas para os pais foram os aplicativos móveis, os recursos eHealth e as mensagens de texto. Essas tecnologias contribuíram para melhorar o acesso à informação, o compartilhamento de experiências, a autoeficácia paterna para apoiar o aleitamento materno, o conhecimento e a atitude sobre alimentação infantil, consequentemente, melhorando as taxas de Aleitamento Materno. Conclusão: as tecnologias educacionais digitais sobre aleitamento materno, concebidas para os pais, são pouco estudadas. No entanto, são fundamentais para melhorar o apoio paterno na promoção do aleitamento materno, portanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para o desenvolvimento de outras tecnologias educacionais digitais para esse público-alvo.

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RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou investigar as funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês a partir das teorizações de Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de casos com dois casais de homens, um deles adotou a filha logo após seu nascimento, a qual estava com dois anos e cinco meses na época do estudo, e outro recorreu à barriga solidária, cujo filho já estava com um ano e três meses. Foram realizadas entrevistas conjunta e individualmente. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise temática, investigando-se aspectos da prática da parentalidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o vínculo pais-filho(a) foi construído a partir dos cuidados cotidianos, que os casais buscaram dividir de forma igualitária. Foi possível identificar em cada participante tanto aspectos da função materna propostas por Winnicott, quanto da função paterna. Os achados indicam que as funções que os adultos exercem junto aos bebês, mais do que materna e paterna, são funções parentais que independem do gênero ou da orientação sexual do cuidador.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las funciones de los padres en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés basándose en las teorizaciones de Winnicott. Este es un estudio de caso con dos parejas de hombres, una de las cuales adoptó a su hija poco después del nacimiento, que tenía 2 años y 5 meses en el momento del estudio, y otra recurrió a la subrogación, cujo hijo ya tenía 1 año y 3 meses. Las entrevistas se realizaron de forma conjunta e individual. Los informes fueron sometidos a análisis temático, investigando aspectos de la practica de la parentalidad. Los resultados mostraron que el vínculo padre-hijo se construyó a partir del cuidado diario, que las parejas trataron de dividir en partes iguales. Fue posible identificar en cada participante ambos aspectos de la función materna propuesto por Winnicott y de la función paterna. Los resultados indican que las funciones que los adultos desempeñan con los bebés, en lugar de maternas o paternas, son funciones parentales que son independientes del género o la orientación sexual del cuidador.

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate parental functions in male homosexual couples with babies based on Winnicott's theorizations. This is a case study with two male couples, one who adopted their daughter right after her birth, wich was 2 years and 5 months old at the time of the study, and another that resort on surrogacy, with a child of 1 year and 3 months. Interviews were conducted jointly and individually. Participants' reports were submitted to thematic analysis, investigating aspects of parenting practice. The results showed that the parent-child bond was built from daily care, which the couples sought to divide equally. It was possible to identify in each participant both aspects of the maternal and paternal functions proposed by Winnicott. The findings indicate that the functions that adults carry out with infants, rather than maternal and paternal ones, are parental functions that are independent of the gender or the sexual orientation of the caregiver.

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Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender a experiência vivenciada pelo cuidador da criança/adolescente que enfrenta uma doença limitante da vida. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis pais de crianças e adolescentes que se encontravam hospitalizados, com diagnósticos variados, em sua maior parte por doenças onco-hematológicas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada individualmente. A análise mostrou que, ao receber o diagnóstico da doença grave de um(a) filho(a) predominaram reações de surpresa, tristeza, desespero e relutância inicial em aceitar o diagnóstico. Sentimentos de medo, desconforto e vivências de culpa permearam a trajetória dos pais no adoecer do(a) filho(a). Crianças e adolescentes com diagnósticos limitantes da vida exigem tratamento intensivo e de alta complexidade tecnológica. A hospitalização aparece como um momento especialmente difícil para os pais, gerando fadiga crônica, esgotamento físico e emocional. Na percepção dos pais, a comunicação com os profissionais foi satisfatória, sendo vista como um fator positivo que contribui para amenizar as dificuldades de enfrentar as situações críticas. A experiência paterna frente à doença limitante da vida foi considerada um fator de mudança de vida. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de intervenções psicológicas de apoio para auxiliarem os pais e demais familiares a enfrentarem os desafios encontrados.

This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experience of the caregiver of a child/adolescent facing a life-limiting illness. To this end, six parents of children and adolescents who were hospitalized, with varied diagnoses, mostly due to onco-hematological diseases, were interviewed. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied individually. The analysis showed that, upon receiving the diagnosis of a child's serious disease, there were predominant reactions of surprise, sadness, despair, and initial reluctance to accept the diagnosis. Feelings of fear, discomfort, and experiences of guilt permeated the parents' trajectory in their child's illness. Children and adolescents with life-limiting diagnoses require intensive treatment and high technological complexity. Hospitalization appears as an especially difficult time for parents, generating chronic fatigue, physical and emotional exhaustion. In the perception of parents, communication with professionals was satisfactory, being seen as a positive factor that contributes to ease the difficulties of facing critical situations. The father's experience facing life limiting illness was considered a life changing factor. These results show the need for psychological support interventions to help parents and other family members to face the challenges encountered.

Este estudio cualitativo tenía como objetivo comprender la experiencia vivida por el cuidador de un niño/adolescente con una enfermedad que limita su vida. Se entrevistó a seis padres de niños y adolescentes hospitalizados, con diversos diagnósticos, en su mayoría debidos a enfermedades oncohematológicas. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas individualmente. El análisis mostró que, al recibir el diagnóstico de una enfermedad grave del niño, predominaron las reacciones de sorpresa, tristeza, desesperación y reticencia inicial a aceptar el diagnóstico. Los sentimientos de miedo, malestar y experiencias de culpa impregnaron la trayectoria de los padres en la enfermedad de su hijo. Los niños y adolescentes con diagnósticos que limitan su vida requieren un tratamiento intensivo y una alta complejidad tecnológica. La hospitalización aparece como un momento especialmente difícil para los padres, generando fatiga crónica y agotamiento físico y emocional. En la percepción de los padres, la comunicación con los profesionales fue satisfactoria, siendo vista como un factor positivo que contribuyó a mitigar las dificultades para enfrentar situaciones críticas. La experiencia paterna de enfrentarse a una enfermedad que limita la vida se consideró un factor de cambio de vida. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar intervenciones de apoyo psicológico para ayudar a los padres y a otros miembros de la familia a enfrentarse a los retos encontrados.

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Resumen El presente estudio busca obtener evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Involucramiento Parental: Actividades de cuidado y socialización en una muestra de padres peruanos de niños y niñas preescolares. Para ello, se realizó una traducción y armonización del lenguaje del instrumento a partir de su versión en inglés al español, para luego aplicar la nueva versión a un grupo de 420 padres y 420 madres de niños y niñas de cinco ciudades. La evidencia de la estructura interna se evaluó a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud para examinar la estructura de los 26 ítems originales. Durante el análisis, se procedió a la eliminación progresiva de los ítems con bajas cargas factoriales hasta encontrar un modelo con adecuados indicadores de ajuste [x 2(531) = 822.82; p < .001; x 2/gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC 90 % = (.031-.041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. El resultado fue una escala de 18 ítems distribuidos en las cinco dimensiones originales, cada una con confiabilidad por consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach entre .66 y .78 y coeficientes omega entre .70 y .75. La confiabilidad entre evaluadores estuvo entre .67 y .88. Los alcances y limitaciones del estudio son discutidos teniendo en cuenta la importancia de contar con instrumentos de medición del involucramiento paterno, relativo al materno, que consideren las perspectivas de padres y madres en el contexto peruano.

Abstract The present study seeks to obtain validity and reliability evidence of the Parental Involvement Scale: Care and socialization activities in a sample of Peruvian parents of preschool children. For this purpose, the instrument was translated and linguistically harmonized from its English version into Spanish and then applied to a group of 420 fathers and 420 mothers of children from five cities. Evidence of the internal structure was evaluated through a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, using the maximum likelihood method to examine the structure of the original 26 items. Items with low factor loadings were progressively eliminated until a model with adequate fit indicators was found [x 2 (531) = 822.82; p <0,001; x 2 /gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC del 90% (.031 - .041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. The result was a18-items scale distributed in the five original dimensions, each with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency reliability between .66 and .78 and Omega coefficients between .70 and .75. Inter-rater reliability was between .67 and .88. The scope and limitations of the study are discussed considering the relevance of having instruments to measure paternal involvement relative to maternal involvement, that consider the perspectives of fathers and mothers in the Peruvian context.

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INTRODUCCÍON: Los padres se han involucrado cada vez más en el embarazo y el nacimiento de sus hijos, pero aún se requieren intervenciones paternas que permitan reubicar al padre en su rol de corresponsabilidad en la crianza. OBJETIVO: Observar el comportamiento-actitud paterna hacia el/la hijo(a) y la cantidad de oxitocina (OT) secretada en el nacimiento, en padres preparados de un modo especial para el parto. Método: Estudio piloto de 8 meses, parte de una investigación mayor cuali-cuantitativa de dos fases. La fase cualitativa inicial desarrolló una intervención preparatoria de padres para el nacimiento, con énfasis en la vinculación padre-hijo(a). La fase cuantitativa correspondió al piloto de la intervención paterna antenatal. RESULTADOS: Los padres presenciaron activamente el momento del expulsivo y el encuentro madre-hijo(a). Posteriormente, todos optaron por el contacto físico piel-piel con su hijo(a). La OT paterna experimentó un aumento (no significativo) durante el contacto padre-hijo(a) en comparación con la OT basal (momento inmediato al nacimiento). CONCLUSIONES: Padres preparados, sensibilizados y vinculados con su hijo(a) desde el embarazo experimentarían variaciones de la cantidad de OT cuando realizan contacto piel-piel con su hijo(a) en el nacimiento. Se requiere investigación experimental con una muestra mayor de participantes para concluir de manera categórica.

INTRODUCTION: Fathers have been increasingly involved in the pregnancy and birth of their children, but paternal interventions are still required to relocate the father in his role of co-responsibility in parenting. OBJECTIVE: To observe the paternal behavior-attitude towards the child and the amount of oxytocin (OT) secreted at birth in parents prepared (in a special way) for childbirth. METHOD: Pilot study of 8 months, part of a larger qualitative-quantitative research of two phases. The initial qualitative phase developed a male preparatory intervention for the birth, with emphasis on the father-child bonding. The quantitative phase corresponded to the pilot of the antenatal paternal intervention. RESULTS: Fathers actively witnessed the moment of delivery and the mother-child attachment. Subsequently, all of them opted for physical skin-to-skin contact with their child. Paternal OT experienced a (non-significant) increase during father-child contact, compared to baseline OT (immediately after birth). CONCLUSIONS: Males prepared, sensitized and involved with their child since pregnancy would experience variations in the amount of OT when they make father-child skin-to-skin contact at childbirth. Experimental research with a larger sample of participants is required to categorically reach a conclusion.

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RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção materna sobre a participação do pai durante a hospitalização do filho em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica, cujo referencial metodológico para análise dos discursos, advindos de 12 entrevistas com mães de crianças hospitalizadas no interior do estado de São Paulo, foi a análise da estrutura do fenômeno situado. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas: Participando do processo de adoecimento do filho - a essencialidade da presença do pai; Sofrendo pelo filho - o pai sendo afetado pela hospitalização; Não podendo estar com o filho - o pai sendo impedido de ser acompanhante durante a hospitalização. As mães reconhecem a participação dos pais durante hospitalização do filho por meio de apoio, compartilhamento de atividades e na importância para a recuperação da criança. Contudo, o sofrimento advindo do adoecimento e da hospitalização, a necessidade de se dedicar ao trabalho, questões organizacionais do hospital e a ausência de legislações trabalhistas impedem a permanência dos pais no serviço de saúde. Conclusão: as unidades pediátricas precisam modificar as normas institucionais, acolhendo mãe e pai, oferecendo condições de permanência e apoiando-os durante a hospitalização do filho. É mister que a área de Enfermagem familiar discuta a participação do pai na vida do filho, em especial no ambiente hospitalar e de cuidados intensivos, de modo a impulsionar a elaboração de leis que garantam a manutenção do emprego em caso de acompanhamento do filho durante a hospitalização.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción materna sobre la participación del padre durante la hospitalización del hijo en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Métodos: investigación cualitativa de inspiración fenomenológica, cuyo referente metodológico para el análisis de los discursos provenientes de 12 entrevistas con madres de niños hospitalizados en el interior del estado de São Paulo, fue el análisis de la estructura del fenómeno situado. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Participar en el proceso de enfermedad del hijo - la esencialidad de la presencia del padre; Sufrir por el hijo - el padre afectado por la hospitalización; No poder estar con el hijo: el padre impedido de ser acompañante durante la hospitalización. Las madres reconocieron la participación de los padres durante la hospitalización del hijo mediante el apoyo, compartir actividades y la importancia para la recuperación del niño. Sin embargo, el sufrimiento derivado de la enfermedad y la hospitalización, la necesidad de dedicarse al trabajo, los problemas de organización de los hospitales y la falta de leyes laborales impiden que los padres sigan en el servicio sanitario. Conclusión: las unidades pediátricas necesitan modificar las normas institucionales, acogiendo a la madre y al padre, ofreciendo condiciones de permanencia y ayudando durante la hospitalización del hijo. Es fundamental que el área de Enfermería de la familia discuta la participación del padre en la vida del hijo, especialmente en el ambiente hospitalario y de cuidados intensivos, para incentivar el desarrollo de leyes que garanticen el mantenimiento del empleo en el caso de acompañar a um hijo durante la hospitalización.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the maternal perception of the father's participation during the child's hospitalization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods: this is a qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration, whose methodological reference for the analysis of the speeches was the analysis of the structure of the situated phenomenon, arising from 12 interviews with mothers of hospitalized children in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. Results: three thematic categories emerged: Participating in the child's illness process - the essentiality of the father's presence; Suffering for the child - the father affected by the hospitalization; Not being able to be with the child - the father prevented from being a companion during hospitalization. Mothers recognize the fathers' participation during the child's hospitalization through support, sharing activities, and the importance of the child's recovery. However, the suffering resulting from illness and hospitalization, the need to dedicate themselves to their jobs, organizational issues at the hospital, and the absence of labor laws prevent parents from staying in the health service. Conclusion: pediatric units need to modify institutional norms, welcome mother and father, offer permanence conditions, and support them during the child's hospitalization. The Family Nursing area must discuss the father's participation in the child's life, especially in the hospital and intensive care environment, to promote the elaboration of laws that guarantee the maintenance of the job in case of accompanying the child during the hospitalization.

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The aim of this study was to examine video-recorded observations of evening family mealtime at home among Mexican American children to help elucidate style of meal service, fathers' and mothers' feeding practices and child's eating behavior. Consistent with guidelines for coding behaviors, we analyzed observational data of evening mealtimes of 71 Mexican American children aged eight to 10 years. Regarding style of meal service, in almost all cases (96%), parents plated the child's food, with more available on the table or counter in 40% of the observations. Mothers almost always served the child (94%). Regarding parental feeding practices, parents used positive involvement in meals (80%), pressure to eat (42%) and restriction of food (9%). Using food as a reward to control behavior was never used by either parent. The majority (75%) of children requested or negotiated to eat less food, or only eat certain items. In Mexican American families, both mothers and fathers play a role in family mealtimes and both use positive involvement in child's meals, and to a lesser extent pressure to eat, with their children aged eight to 10 years. To help reduce the obesity epidemic, intervention strategies are needed, which integrate the family, a plating style of meal and parental feeding practices that promote healthy eating in the home. To reduce obesity among Mexican American children, interventions that focus on parental positive involvement in child's meal and maintenance of home cooked meals could have a positive impact on the entire family.

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This metasynthesis synthesized and interpreted qualitative research results on the experience of fathers who care for children with mental disorders. It followed the guidelines from the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement. A search was conducted in five databases. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the studies, and the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (Grade-CERQual) approach was used to assess review findings. Thematic analysis of 12 articles included yielded the theme (re)establishment of fatherhood and four subthemes: redefinition of expectations, redefinition of the fatherhood role, benefits achieved with increased father involvement, and strengths and challenges in fatherhood, all of which demonstrated how repercussions from diagnosis and redefinition of expectations of masculinity and fatherhood affected the way fathers exercise fatherhood. Fathers were participative and attentive to their child's needs, even in a challenging context demanding integration of care with work obligations. This metasynthesis highlights challenges faced by fathers in acquiring new skills and competencies while caring for their children. The findings identify a need for interventions to facilitate fathers' involvement in caring for their children.

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Resumo As relações estabelecidas na família, como a relação de ativação pai-criança, interferem no comportamento da criança. Para compreender as relações entre padrões de ativação pai-criança, funcionamento familiar e comportamento da criança, realizou-se um estudo com 12 famílias biparentais heteroafetivas com crianças pré-escolares. Utilizou-se: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Observação da Situação de Risco; Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar; e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades. Constatou-se que: oito crianças foram classificadas como ativadas, três como subativadas e uma como superativada; o funcionamento das famílias está rigidamente coeso e/ou equilibrado; e, no comportamento das crianças, houve elevada pró-sociabilidade e baixos escores em dificuldades. Além da relação de ativação, o funcionamento familiar foi fundamental para a compreensão dos comportamentos da criança.

Abstract Relationships established in the family, such as the father-child activation relationship, interfere in the child's behavior. To understand the relationships between father-child activation, family functioning and child behavior, a study was conducted with 12 two-parent hetero-affective families with preschool children. It was used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Risk Situation; Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales; and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. It was found that: eight children were classified as activated, three as under-activated and one as over-activated; the functioning of families is balanced and/or rigidly cohesive; and in the child's behavior it was verified high prosocial behavior and low scores in difficulties. Besides the activation relationship, family functioning was fundamental to understand the child's behavior.

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Resumo Objetivo Descrever o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, por meio da consulta no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior nas bases de dados Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando os descritores associados pelos operadores booleanos da seguinte forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Foram incluídas produções primárias, publicadas nos anos de 2009 a 2020, considerando a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, disponíveis na íntegra, de forma gratuita e excluídos os materiais que não evidenciaram, de forma clara, o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Foram encontrados 1365 materiais científicos e, após a seleção seguindo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, foram incluídos 15 artigos. Resultados O papel paterno é descrito por meio de ações de cuidado, educação e provisão dos filhos. O cuidado foi desvelado através de ações voltadas à manutenção da vida, iniciando ainda na concepção e se estendendo durante a infância e adolescência. Nesse ciclo, o pai aparece na condição de educador, sobretudo, a partir do exemplo que conduz os filhos em suas vidas futuras. A provisão, por sua vez, esteve atrelada à garantia da subsistência familiar pela figura paterna. Conclusão A compreensão acerca dos papéis poderá direcionar a prática profissional a fim de estimular o envolvimento masculino no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos filhos.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada el mes de septiembre de 2020, por medio da consulta al Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior en las bases de datos Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando los descriptores asociados por los operadores booleanos de la siguiente forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Se incluyeron las producciones primarias, publicadas en los años de 2009 a 2020, considerando la implementación de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre, disponibles en su totalidad, de forma gratuita y excluidos los materiales que no evidenciaron de forma clara, el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Se encontraron 1365 materiales científicos y, después de la selección siguiendo las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, fueron incluidos 15 artículos. Resultados El rol paterno se describe por medio de acciones de cuidado, educación y provisión de los hijos. El cuidado se desveló a través de acciones direccionadas al mantenimiento de la vida, iniciando todavía en la concepción y extendiéndose durante la infancia y la adolescencia. En ese ciclo, el padre aparece en la condición de educador, principalmente, a partir del ejemplo que conduce a los hijos en sus vidas futuras. La provisión, a su vez, estuvo vinculada con la garantía de la subsistencia familiar por la figura paterna. Conclusión La comprensión sobre los roles podrá direccionar la práctica profesional con la finalidad de estimular la involucración masculina en el acompañamiento del desarrollo de los hijos.

Abstract Objective To describe the paternal role in family relationships. Methods This is an integrative literature review carried out in September 2020, by consulting the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in the Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) using the descriptors associated by the Boolean operators as follows: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Primary productions published from 2009 to 2020 were included, considering the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Care for Men's Health, available in full, free of charge, and materials that did not clearly show paternal role in family relationships. 1,365 scientific materials were found and, after selection following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes, 15 articles were included. Results Paternal role is described through actions of care, education and provision for children. Care was unveiled through actions aimed at maintaining life, starting at conception and extending into childhood and adolescence. In this cycle, the father appears as an educator, above all, based on the example that leads the children in their future lives. The provision, in turn, was linked to the guarantee of family subsistence by the paternal figure. Conclusion Understanding the roles can guide professional practice in order to encourage male involvement in monitoring the development of children.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate an educational booklet to promote the involvement of parents in labor and birth. Methods: methodological study developed in five stages: situational diagnosis; bibliographic survey; construction of illustrations, layout, design and texts; content and appearance validation by judges (25 experts) and calculation of the Flesch Readability Index; and validation with the target audience (12 parents). A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.80 was considered. Results: the booklet was entitled "Father Presence" and was developed in 11 topics. In Content and Appearance Validation, the Validity Index obtained an overall score of 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, indicating excellent reliability of its content. A global score of 74% for readability was obtained, considered easy to understand. Conclusions: the material was successful in the validation process, and it can be recommended for parents to use it during the prenatal period, promoting the inclusion of the partner and preparing them for labor and birth.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar cartilla educativa para promoción del involucramiento de padres en el parto y nacimiento. Métodos: estudio metodológico desarrollado en cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamiento bibliográfico; construcción de ilustraciones, esbozo, diseño y textos; validez de contenido y apariencia por jueces (25 especialistas) y cálculo del índice de Legibilidad de Flesch; y validación con el público objeto (12 padres). Considerado Índice de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla intitulada "Presencia de padre" y fue desarrollada en 11 tópicos. En la validez de contenido y apariencia, el Índice de Validez obtuvo escore global de 0,97. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidad de su contenido. Puntuación global para legibilidad fue 74%, denotando fácil comprensión. Conclusiones: el material tuvo éxito en el proceso de validación, pudiendo ser recomendado a padres utilizarlo durante el período prenatal, promoviendo la inclusión del compañero y preparándolos al parto y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para promoção do envolvimento de pais no parto e nascimento. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamento bibliográfico; construção das ilustrações, layout, design e textos; validação de conteúdo e aparência por juízes (25 especialistas) e cálculo do índice de Legibilidade de Flesch; e validação com o público-alvo (12 pais). Considerou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha intitulou-se "Presença de pai" e foi desenvolvida em 11 tópicos. Na validação de conteúdo e aparência, o Índice de Validade obteve escore global de 0,97. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidade de seu conteúdo. Pontuação global para legibilidade foi 74%, denotando fácil compreensão. Conclusões: o material teve êxito no processo de validação, podendo ser recomendado para os pais utilizarem-no durante o período pré-natal, promovendo a inclusão do parceiro e preparando-os para o parto e nascimento.

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Objective: the study's goal has been to describe the experience of the accompanying father in the birth process by caesarean section at the Obstetric Center and point out the favorable and unfavorable conditions that influence this process.Methods: qualitative research, carried out at a University Hospital from august to september 2016 with 10 accompanying parents. The data collection was established by a semi-structured interview, submitted to Bardin's content analysis. Results: through the analysis, two categories emerged: possibilities and limitations in the experience of accompanying parents and emotional aspects in the birth process, which include the physical aspects of the operating room, the welcoming and guidance of the multidisciplinary team and the feelings presented by the parents. Conclusion: the father's participation in the cesarean delivery provides positive impacts for the mother-child-family trinomial, making crucial his presence since prenatal care and the physical adequacy of the cesarean environment

Objetivo: descrever a vivência do pai acompanhante no processo de nascimento por cesariana no Centro Obstétrico e apontar as condições favoráveis e desfavoráveis que influenciaram neste processo. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um Hospital Universitário de agosto a setembro de 2016 com 10 pais acompanhantes. A coleta de dados se estabeleceu por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: pela análise, emergiram duas categorias: possibilidades e limitações na vivência do pai acompanhante e aspectos emocionais no processo de nascimento, que compreenderam: os aspectos físicos da sala de cirurgia, o acolhimento e orientação da equipe multiprofissional e os sentimentos apresentados pelos pais. Conclusão: a participação do pai no parto cesárea proporciona impactos positivos ao trinômio mãe-filho-família, tornando cruciais a sua presença desde o pré-natal e a adequação física do ambiente da cesárea

Objetivo: describir la experiencia del padre acompañante en el proceso de parto por cesárea en el Centro de Obstetricia y señalar las condiciones favorables y desfavorables que influyeron en este proceso. Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada en un Hospital Universitario de agosto a septiembre de 2016 con 10 padres acompañantes. La recopilación de datos se estableció mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, sometida al análisis del contenido de Bardin. Resultados: por análisis, surgieron dos categorías: posibilidades y limitaciones en la experiencia del padre acompañante y aspectos emocionales en el proceso del parto, que incluyeron los aspectos físicos de la sala de operaciones, la bienvenida y la orientación del equipo multidisciplinario y los sentimientos presentados por los padres. Conclusión: la participación del padre en la cesárea proporciona impactos positivos para el trinomio madre-hijo-familia, lo que hace que su presencia desde la atención prenatal y la adecuación física del entorno de la cesárea sean cruciales

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