RESUMO
Access to justice is limited for many worldwide. Although prior research generally recognizes the legal needs and barriers faced by women, less is known about mothers. This study examined the legal needs of mothers in different family configurations and the actions they took in response to these needs through the lens of help-seeking theories. We used unique data from the 2016 Colombian Quality of Life Survey (QLS) to produce descriptive statistics on the legal needs of mothers in two-parent families and custodial mothers. We then conducted multivariate analyses to examine the factors associated with having a family issue and seeking institutional help. Custodial mothers were more likely than mothers in two-parent families to have reported any legal need, and to report a family legal issue. The most frequent legal issues related to the family were issues with child support, custody, and/or visitation. The most frequent action taken to resolve issues was through an institutional actor. Among custodial mothers, single, younger mothers and mothers with more children were more likely to experience family legal issues, but they were not the ones seeking institutional help-those mothers were often more socioeconomically advantaged. That more socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers are more likely to experience a family legal issue but less likely to seek institutional help, the most frequent route to action, calls for research that examines the barriers faced by these mothers and policies to improve their access to justice.
Assuntos
Custódia da Criança , Mães , Humanos , Colômbia , Feminino , Mães/psicologia , Adulto , Custódia da Criança/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Social , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Adolescente , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El descenso de la fecundidad en América Latina y el Caribe es un fenómeno inédito y extremadamente veloz. Hoy, numerosos países de la región tienen fecundidad bajo el nivel de reemplazo, incluyendo casos emblemáticos como el de Brasil. Aquí se debate desde qué marco conceptual se pueden comprender las diferentes medidas, programas o políticas que están surgiendo y surgirán en el futuro en relación a temas de fecundidad y familia. Además, se resumen e interpretan las experiencias de aquellos países en los que se han implementado políticas familiares en contexto de fecundidad bajo el reemplazo (concretamente, las políticas implementadas en Suecia, España y Francia) discutiendo de qué manera las experiencias europeas pueden resultar útiles para la formulación de políticas en América Latina. Para concluir, se enumeran las decisiones clave a tomar para el diseño de políticas familiares en contexto de baja fecundidad.
A queda da fecundidade nos países da América Latina e do Caribe é um fenômeno inédito e veloz. Numerosos países estão abaixo do nível da taxa de reposição, incluindo casos emblemáticos como o do Brasil. É necessário compreender a partir de que marco conceitual podem-se harmonizar as diferentes medidas de política pública que estão surgindo e irão surgir no futuro, tendo como referência as questões de família e fecundidade baixa. Além disso, cabe resumir as experiências daqueles países nos quais se implantaram políticas familiares em contexto de fecundidade abaixo da reposição. O artigo resume e analisa as políticas aplicadas na Suécia, Espanha e França e discute em que medida estas podem ser úteis para a formulação de políticas na América Latina. Também sugere que um conjunto de decisões-chave deve ser tomado no momento de se desenharem políticas familiares em tal contexto novo para nossa região.
In recent years fertility in Latin America and the Caribbean has fallen at a very rapid pace. In many countries it fell to below-replacement levels, including emblematic cases such as Brazil. In this context, it is important to analyze the conceptual backgrounds that can give coherence to different policy measures. It is also essential to understand and analyze family policies in other countries having below-replacement fertility levels. In this paper we consider the cases of Sweden, Spain and France and discuss to what extent those policies can serve as inspirations for policy makers in Latin America and the Caribbean. We also suggest a list of key decisions needed to carry forward the design of family policy measures in this low-fertility context, which is unprecedented in our region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Dinâmica Populacional , Planejamento Familiar , Taxa de Fecundidade , Região do Caribe , América Latina , Formulação de PolíticasRESUMO
En el ámbito de las políticas públicas de Chile el tema de la maternidad adolescente ha sido abordadoa partir de posturas ideológicas divergentes. Estas obstaculizan la formulación y la implementación depolíticas eficaces que atiendan directamente las necesidades de la población afectada. Como objetivo de lainvestigación se propone analizar las posturas de las comunidades involucradas en los procesos de formulaciónde políticas para madres adolescentes en Chile. Para responder al interrogante de la investigaciónse realizó un estudio mixto en el que se integraron estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas para el análisisde datos textuales. Los diferentes actores coinciden en señalar la maternidad adolescente como un temaque requiere un tratamiento intersectorial, que supere la discusión en relación con la educación sexual delos adolescentes y que brinde posibilidades que permitan superar las condiciones de inequidad a las quese ven expuestos los adolescentes cuando ya son padres y/o madres. Sin embargo, el desconocimiento delos mecanismos de participación y de las posibilidades de intervención que podría tener cada comunidaden los procesos de formulación de políticas públicas, invisibiliza posturas que permitirían avanzar hacia eldesarrollo de políticas que atiendan las necesidades de los adolescentes en el ejercicio responsable de suparentalidad, mediante las cuales se movilicen las instancias de apoyo requeridas para el ajuste e inclusiónde esta nueva realidad a su proyecto de vida...
In the context of public policy in Chile the issue of teenage pregnancy has been approached from divergentideological positions, which hinder the development and implementation of effective policies that addressdirectly the needs of the affected population. The objective of the research is to analyze the positions ofthe communities involved in the processes of formulating policies for teenage mothers in Chile. To answerthe research question we conducted a mixed study which integrated qualitative and quantitative strategiesfor analyzing textual data. Different actors agree on the teenage pregnancy as an issue requiring intersectoraltreatment capable of overcoming the discussion in relation to teenage sexual education, that offersopportunities in order to overcome inequitable conditions to which adolescents are exposed when they arefathers and / or mothers. However, the lack of knowledge of participation mechanisms and possibilities ofintervention that could have each community in the processes of formulating public policies, renders invisiblethe positions that would allow to advance towards the development of policies that meet the needs ofadolescents in the responsible exercise of their parenthood, to mobilize support instances required for theadjustment and inclusion of this new reality to their life project...
No âmbito das políticas públicas do Chile o tema da maternidade adolescente tem se abordado a partir deposturas ideológicas divergentes. Estas obstruem a formulação e implementação de políticas eficazes queatendam diretamente as necessidades da população afetada. Como objetivo da pesquisa propõe-se analisaras posturas das comunidades envolvidas nos processos de formulação de políticas para mães adolescentesno Chile. Para responder a questão da pesquisa realizou-se um estudo misto no qual foram integradasestratégias qualitativas e quantitativas para a análise de dados textuais. Os diferentes atores concordamem assinalar a maternidade adolescente como tema que requer um tratamento intersetorial, que supere adiscussão em relação com a educação sexual dos adolescentes e brinde possibilidades que permitam superaras condições de iniquidade às que estão expostos os adolescentes quando já são pais e/ou mães. No entanto,o desconhecimento dos mecanismos de participação e das possibilidades de intervenção que poderia tercada comunidade nos processos de formulação de políticas públicas, invisibiliza posturas que permitiriamavançar para o desenvolvimento de políticas que atendessem as necessidades dos adolescentes no exercícioresponsável da sua parentalidade, mediante as quais se mobilizassem as instancias de apoio requeridas parao ajuste e inclusão desta nova realidade a seu projeto de vida...
Assuntos
Educação Sexual/história , Mães/educação , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Reprodutiva , ChileRESUMO
PIP: "This paper analyzes the supply and organization of public day care in Mexico and presents a series of considerations as to the formulation of future policy. The research concentrates on the evolution of public policies to provide day care to working women in the formal sector through the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Data on the evolution of female labor force participation, changes in family structure, the supply of day care and patterns of child care arrangements, suggest that access to formal facilities falls short of demand.... Innovative policies for the reorganization and expansion of the provision of day care are presently under consideration." (EXCERPT)^ieng
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Emprego , Características da Família , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Organização e Administração , Política Pública , América , Comportamento , Educação Infantil , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Classe Social , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
PIP: This decree, issued by the Chilean Ministry of Justice, establishes the following regimes for the care of minors in irregular situations: a) ambulatory diagnosis services; b) day care in a family setting for breast feeding and pre-school children; c) substitute family care for minors who do not have problems with the law; d) care in group homes for such minors; e) emergency care in substitute families for minors; f) rehabilitation in substitute homes for minors who have problems with the law or severe behavioral problems; g) technical on-job training for minors who have broken the law; and h) group care for minors who have broken the law. These regimes can be implemented by the National Agency for Minors or public and private organizations entering into agreements with the Agency. Decree No. 1610 of 26 December 1991 of the Ministry of Justice sets forth regulations governing agreements between public and private organizations and the National Agency for Minors with respect to the Program of Support for Minors in Irregular Situations (a different program from the above regimes). These agreements are to have the following primary objectives: diagnosis; rehabilitation for minors who have broken the law; attention for minors with behavioral problems; deinstitutionalization of minors and their reinsertion in society; personal attention to minors who have problems with the law, including advising their families; education and training for minors; community prevention of juvenile delinquency; and awareness raising projects. See Recopilacion de Leyes y Reglamentos, Vol. 98, 1991, pp. 765-8 (Diario Oficial, No. 34179, 29 January 1992). Further provisions of the decree deal with applications, financing, and records, among other things. Decree No. 32 of 11 November 1991 establishes rules for the execution of the above program. See Recopilacion de Leyes y Reglamentos, Vol. 98, 1991, pp. 492-495.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Cuidado da Criança , Comunicação , Educação , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , Política Pública , Ensino , Fatores Etários , América , Comportamento , Educação Infantil , Chile , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , População , Características da População , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: This Chilean decree approves regulations on passports and travel documents. It provides that Chilean nationals must obtain an ordinary passport in order to enter or leave the country. Ordinary passports can be issued to an individual or a family. Individual passports are valid for 10 years and can be renewed; family passports are valid for the same period unless the oldest child in the family reaches the age of 18, at which time the passports expire. Only families with 5 or fewer members may obtain a family passport. Persons requesting passports must present an identity card, obtain a certificate from the police, and pay a tax. The decree authorizes the Civil Registry to issue travel documents to foreigners whose country of nationality has no diplomatic relations with Chile or who are unable to provide their own passports. The documents can be used only to leave the country. The Civil Registry is also authorized to issue travel documents to stateless persons and refugees resident in Chile and to the children of foreigners temporarily in the country and the foreign-born children of Chilean nationals. These documents are valid for 2 years to enter and leave the country.^ieng
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Etnicidade , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , Registros , Refugiados , América , Chile , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Geografia , América Latina , Licenciamento , População , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Política Pública , Características de Residência , América do Sul , MigrantesRESUMO
PIP: This law sets forth the principles and structure of the health system for the Federal District of Mexico. Among other things, it states that the system has the following objectives: 1) to provide maternal-child care services that include promotion of family welfare, care for children and supervision of their growth, development and promotion of timely vaccination, and care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the time after childbirth; and 2) to provide family planning services. The law also states that the health system is to contribute to the harmonious demographic development of the Federal District.^ieng
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Planejamento em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Imunização , Legislação como Assunto , Centros de Saúde Materno-Infantil , América , Comportamento , Educação Infantil , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Saúde , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Política PúblicaRESUMO
PIP: This document contains major provisions of the 1989 Maintenance Act of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. This Act sets forth the duties and responsibilities of family members to provide each other with financial maintenance. Every married man, married woman with separate property, and single woman must provide for spouses (if applicable) and children under the age of 16 and parents and children over the age of 16 if they are unable to provide for themselves. If a man marries a woman with children, he must provide for them until the age of 16. The Maintenance Act sets forth the grounds and procedure for applying to a court for financial provision. The powers of the court to make orders for financial provision are laid out, and the term of duration of such orders is set under various circumstances. Conditions governing court orders regarding the custody of children are also provided.^ieng
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Custódia da Criança , Economia , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , América , Comportamento , Região do Caribe , Educação Infantil , Países em Desenvolvimento , América do Norte , Política Pública , São Vicente e GranadinasRESUMO
PIP: This Resolution sets forth the following categories of persons who under Article 15 of Decree No. 1434/87 may be given temporary or permanent residence in Argentina: 1) professionals, technicians, or specialized persons whose admission is required for businesses or persons established in the country; 2) managers and businessmen; 3) artists and athletes contracted by a person of known solvency; 4) scientists, professors, or writers or persons of special relevance to the cultural, social, or political order; 5) religious personnel belonging to an officially recognized religion; 6) persons who are of special interest to the country because of their personal conditions or circumstances; 7) migrants with enough capital to develop their commercial activities; and 8) fathers, mothers, spouses, and children of permanent or temporary residents or persons in the above-mentioned categories. Annexed to the Resolution are procedural rules for applying for residency including instructions on proof of status.^ieng
Assuntos
Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , Migrantes , América , Argentina , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Emigração e Imigração , Geografia , América Latina , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Política Pública , Características de Residência , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: This Ecuador Law sets forth general rules on travel documents and, in particular, passports. It provides that a passport permits its holder to leave and travel outside national territory, but does not confer nationality on its holder. All Ecuador citizens have a right to obtain a passport and any passport can cover the spouse and minor children of its holder. Passports are of 4 kinds: diplomatic, official, special, and ordinary; the 1st 3 categories are provided to various government officials. Other travel documents include 1) safe conduct passes to return to the country for citizens of Ecuador who are poor or confronting exceptional circumstances, and 2) special travel documents for refugees who are legally in the country. Decree No. 641 of 19 May 1989 (Registro Oficial, No. 198, 25 May 1989, pp. 2-6) sets forth the Regulations to the Law on Travel Documents. It contains provisions on procedures for obtaining such documents and rules on the loss of such documents.^ieng
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , Registros , Refugiados , Migrantes , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Equador , América Latina , Licenciamento , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Política Pública , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: This document contains major provisions of the constitution adopted by Brazil on 5 October 1988. This constitution seeks to promote the welfare of all citizens without discrimination. The equality of all citizens is guaranteed, and the equal rights of women are specifically mentioned. Property rights are also guaranteed and defined. Female inmates are granted the right to remain with their children while breast feeding. Workers are guaranteed a minimum wage, a family allowance for dependents, maternity/paternity leave, specific incentives to protect the labor market for women, retirement benefits, free day care for preschool-age children, pay equity, and equal rights between tenured and sporadically employed workers. Agrarian reform provisions are given, including the authority to expropriate land. Social and economic policies to promote health are called for, and public health services are to be decentralized, to be integrated, and to foster community participation. Pension plan and social assistance provisions are outlined as are duties of the state in regard to education. The amount of money to be dedicated to education is set out, and a national educational plan is called for to achieve such goals as the eradication of illiteracy, the universalization of school attendance, the improvement of instruction, and the provision of vocational training. Specific measures are set out to protect and preserve the environment. Family policy deals with issues of marriage, the definition of a family, divorce, the right to family planning services, and the deterrence of domestic violence. Social protection provisions cover mothers and children, handicapped persons, and protection of minors. Finally, the customs and rights of Indians are protected, with special provisions given to protect land tenure and to protect the rights of Indians in water resource development and prospecting and mining activities.^ieng
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Constituição e Estatutos , Economia , Educação , Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Financiamento Governamental , Direitos Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Assistência Pública , Saúde Pública , Política Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Direitos da Mulher , América , Brasil , Cultura , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Meio Ambiente , Etnicidade , Administração Financeira , Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Classe Social , Planejamento Social , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: Among other things, this Coahuila, Mexico Constitution provides the following: 1) minors have a right to a wholesome life, health, alimentation, education, culture, recreation, preparation for employment, and the achievement of a dignified life within the family; 2) parents have the duty to protect the rights of minors to have their necessities satisfied and to achieve mental and physical health; laws should protect minors from the time of conception and determine ways of supporting their protection by means of public institutions; 3) the elderly have a right to respect and consideration and when they are abandoned, and the state shall promote their well-being through a system of social services that attend to their specific problems of health, food, housing, and recreation; 4) equal rights for men and women are recognized in all areas of cultural, social, legal, political, and economic life; 5) every person has a right to health protection; and 6) every family has a right to dignified and proper housing.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Idoso , Educação , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Serviços de Saúde , Habitação , Direitos Humanos , Legislação como Assunto , Preconceito , Política Pública , Direitos da Mulher , Adulto , Fatores Etários , América , Atenção à Saúde , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Geografia , Saúde , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Características de Residência , Problemas Sociais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
PIP: This Act amends the Bolivian Family Code in the following ways, among others: 1) it adds to the Code the language that "All family members will enjoy equal legal treatment in the regulation of marital relations and filiation, as well as in the exercise of parental authority and in other similar situations; all discriminatory reference or criterion incompatible with the essential value and dignity of human beings will be eliminated"; 2) it requires the person celebrating the marriage to read to the spouses provisions of the Family Code relating to the equality of the spouses, their common rights, and community property; 3) it provides that a spouse in a situation of need after a divorce has been granted on the ground of more than 2 years' separation has a right to support; 4) it provides that, upon divorce, minor children are to remain under the authority of the parent who offers greater guarantees for their care and moral and material interests, with the other spouse contributing to support in accordance with his or her means in a manner indicated by a judge; previously, children under 7 years old, in general, remained under the authority of their mothers, and older children remained under the authority of their fathers; 5) it sets a statute of limitations of 5 years for challenging the recognition of a child; 6) it authorizes a court to declare maternal, as well as paternal filiation; and 7) it eliminates as a specific means of disproving paternity the fact that the mother had sexual relations with another person at the time of conception.^ieng
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Divórcio , Economia , Relações Extramatrimoniais , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Família , Legislação como Assunto , Casamento , Preconceito , Fatores de Tempo , Direitos da Mulher , América , Comportamento , Bolívia , Educação Infantil , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Características da Família , Relações Familiares , América Latina , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Política Pública , Comportamento Sexual , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: Ecuador's Act reforming the Civil Code, August 17, 1989, covers filiation, marriage, termination of marriage, the status of married women, marital property, marriage contracts, and parent-child relations. Filiation can now be established by being born to a couple living in a non-marital, stable, monogamous, and legally recognized relationship. Marriage is no longer defined as indissoluble and life-long. A marriage cannot be nullified after two years of its celebration or the time when the grounds for nullification were discovered except when the ground is incest or bigamy. There is a 300-day waiting period for remarriage after divorce when the woman does not prove she is not pregnant or her future husband does not certify that he will recognize as his any child to whom she gives birth. Grave injuries or a hostile attitude may individually provide grounds for divorce. Voluntary and unjustified abandonment for more than one year continuously is now grounds for divorce; abandonment lasting more than three years gives either party grounds for divorce. Language providing that a husband must protect his wife and the wife be obedient to her husband is replaced with language providing that marriage is based on the equality of rights and duties of both spouses. Language providing that the husband has a right to have the wife live with and follow him is replaced with language providing that the spouses shall establish their residence by common agreement. Either spouse, rather than just the husband, may now manage the community property; the marriage certificate is to specify which spouse will ordinarily manage the community property. Language providing that children owe more duty and respect to their father than their mother is now sex-neutral. Both parents, rather than just the father, now have the right and the duty to direct the children's education. Provisions of the Code relating to parental authority are amended to make them refer to both parents, rather than just the father.^ieng
Assuntos
Política de Planejamento Familiar , Identidade de Gênero , Publicações Governamentais como Assunto , Relações Interpessoais , Legislação como Assunto , Casamento , América , Comportamento , Países em Desenvolvimento , Equador , América Latina , Política Pública , Comportamento Social , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: On June 16, 1989 the following legal provisions were declared unconstitutional: 1) Articles 134 (2) and 135 of the Ecuador Civil Code, which require a wife to be obedient to her husband and to follow him to wherever he chooses to have his residence; 2) Articles 250-256 of the Civil Code, which set forth rules relating to the filiation of children whose pregnancy is declared within 30 days after the separation of the wife from the husband, which among other things, give the husband the right to provide a companion for the wife until she gives birth or to force the wife to take up residence with a family of his choice; 3) Articles 12, and 14-16 of the Commercial Code, which provide that a wife can engage in business only with the authorization of her husband; and 4) Article 27 of the Penal Code, which excuses crimes involving murder, wounding, or battery committed by a man when he surprises his daughter, granddaughter, or sister engaged in an unlawful carnal act.^ieng
Assuntos
Divórcio , Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Família , Jurisprudência , Casamento , Gravidez , Preconceito , Características de Residência , Direitos da Mulher , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Equador , Características da Família , Relações Familiares , Geografia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Política Pública , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: This Act amends various provisions of the Saint Lucia Civil Code to equalize the status of men and women. Among other things it provides 1) that husband and wife owe mutual protection to each other, rather than the husband owes protection to his wife and the wife owes obedience to her husband; 2) that the spouses shall live wherever they both agree to reside, rather than the wife is obligated to live with and follow her husband; 3) that both spouses are bound to supply each other with the necessities of life according to his or her means, rather than the husband is bound to supply the wife with the necessities of life according to his means and condition; 4) that, if an action for separation is dismissed, the parties are not obliged to resume cohabitation, rather than the husband is obliged to take back his wife and the wife is obliged to return; 5) that a married woman can become a guardian in all circumstances, rather than only if appointed jointly with her husband; 6) that a wife who has been appointed a guardian will continue to be a guardian if she remarries, rather than lose that ability; 7) that spouses shall together administer community property, rather than the husband shall administer it; and 8) that a wife who renounces the community will be responsible for debts to which she bound herself jointly and severally with her husband, rather than being freed from them.^ieng
Assuntos
Custódia da Criança , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Relações Interpessoais , Legislação como Assunto , Preconceito , Características de Residência , Direitos da Mulher , América , Comportamento , Região do Caribe , Educação Infantil , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Geografia , América do Norte , População , Política Pública , Santa Lúcia , Problemas Sociais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
PIP: The government of France ratified this UN Convention on Workers with Family Responsibilities on March 16, 1989; the government of Uruguay ratified it on November 16, 1989; and the government of the Yemen Arab Republic ratified it on March 13, 1989.^ieng
Assuntos
Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Cooperação Internacional , Política Pública , Nações Unidas , América , Ásia , Ásia Ocidental , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Europa (Continente) , França , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Agências Internacionais , América Latina , Oriente Médio , Organizações , Política , América do Sul , Uruguai , IêmenRESUMO
PIP: This Belize Act establishes a system of family courts "to promote conciliation in, and secure speedy settlement of, disputes relating to certain family affairs." The Act imposes a duty on the courts "to assist and persuade" the parties in arriving at a settlement and requires all proceedings to be held in camera. It also provides that unnecessary formalities are to be avoided in proceedings. Further provisions of the Act relate to qualification of judges for the courts, staff, sittings, appeals, and regulations, among other things.^ieng
Assuntos
Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , América , Belize , América Central , Países em Desenvolvimento , América do Norte , Política PúblicaRESUMO
PIP: This Decree establishes a family law judicial framework within the court system of Colombia. It creates family law sections in superior courts to deal with appeals and denominates certain lower court judges as family judges to deal with civil and penal family law issues. It also gives the Colombian Institute of Welfare the responsibility for approving settlements between spouses, parents, and other family members when there is no judicial case in progress. Such settlements may deal with the following issues: 1) provisional determination of separate residences; 2) pledges of spousal conduct; 3) spousal support when there are minor children; 4) custody, care, and support of children, parents, and grandparents; and 5) the regulation of visits, nursing, education, and protection of minors.^ieng
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Custódia da Criança , Criança , Divórcio , Economia , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Legislação como Assunto , Política Pública , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , América , Comportamento , Educação Infantil , Colômbia , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , Casamento , População , Características da População , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The Mexican Organic Statute of the National System for the Integral Development of the Family, 1986, in compliance with its goals as a decentralized public organization and as a semi-official administrative public entity, will perform the following functions: promoting and providing social welfare services; fostering family and community development; implementing and stimulating the healthy physical, mental, and social growth of children; proposing to the Secretary of Health welfare programs which would contribute to an efficient use of resources; encouraging and supporting civic organizations, associations, and all kinds of private entities geared toward welfare services without prejudice to the authorities and functions of established offices; managing welfare institutions for abandoned minors, the elderly, the handicapped, and the homeless who are without resources; implementing programs for prevention and rehabilitation in out-patient clinics; conducting studies and research on social welfare; implementing and encouraging personnel training for social welfare; rendering legal assistance services and counseling to minors, the elderly, and the handicapped lacking resources; supporting the implementation of state guardianship of neglected minors; making available resources for both the protection of the destitute and the enactment of civil and family laws that affect said destitutes in accordance with pertinent regulation; conducting studies and research on disability; participating in programs of rehabilitation and special needs; promoting the developing of centers for physical, psychological, social, and occupational rehabilitation; encouraging, within the organization's jurisdiction, the supervision and coordination of different social groups to help the victims of disasters; recommending and stimulating the creation of public organizations for social welfare at both the federal and the municipal levels and to provide them with technical and administrative assistance; encouraging other entities and departments to allocate the necessary resources to social welfare programs; having a voice in the distribution of subsidies to public and private organizations working in the area of social welfare; and performing all other relevant functions created by law which might be applicable.^ieng