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O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as linhas gerais que caracterizam o regime de cuidados brasileiro. A pesquisa apresenta as tipologias de regimes de cuidados propostas por Esping-Andersen (1999), Leitner (2003) e Saraceno e Keck (2010). A partir do levantamento das políticas de família no Brasil, o artigo enquadra o país nesse referencial. A metodologia utilizada é a análise descritiva de dados. Utilizam-se as projeções populacionais do quantitativo de crianças e idosos do IBGE, a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), o Censo Escolar e o Censo SUAS (Sistema Único de Assistência Social). Pelas três tipologias analisadas, o Brasil se apresenta como um regime de cuidados que se apoia preferencialmente nas famílias, caracterizando, portanto, um "familismo implícito" ou "familismo por negligência".

This article discusses and categorizes the Brazilian care regime. It presents the care-regimes typologies proposed by Esping-Andersen (1999), Leitner (2003), and Saraceno and Keck (2010) for developed countries. Based on the compilation of family policies within the country, our goal is to place Brazil within this typological framework. The methodology used is descriptive data analysis. We use data from IBGE population projections, for children and elderly counts, the PNAD and the National School Census, and the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) Census. In all three typologies, Brazil stands as a care regime which leans mainly on families, with a non-robust and non-widespread care policy, thus featuring an "implicit familism" or "familism by default".

El propósito de este artículo es identificar las líneas generales que caracterizan el régimen brasileño de cuidados. La investigación presenta los tipos de regímenes de cuidado propuestos por Esping-Andersen (1999), Leitner (2003) y Saraceno y Keck (2010). A partir del relevamiento de la encuesta de políticas familiares en Brasil, el artículo enmarca al país en este contexto. La metodología utilizada es el análisis descriptivo de datos. Se usan a para ello las proyecciones poblacionales del número de niños y ancianos del IBGE, la PNAD y el Censo Escolar, y el Censo SUAS. Para las tres tipologías analizadas, Brasil se presenta como un régimen de cuidados que se apoya preferentemente en las familias y se caracteriza por tanto como familismo implícito o familismo por negligencia.

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This study aimed to explore the life course identity projects of Chilean lesbian mothers who conceived their children within the context of a previous heterosexual relationship. By exploring the case of Chile, this study examined the family lives of lesbian mothers within the context of a Latino heteronormative society with a Christian (mainly Catholic) heritage. Individual interviews were conducted with eight participants aged between 27 and 40 years old (mean age of 33 years) who were recruited through snowballing and social media. A Structural Narrative Analysis of participants' stories was conducted within a Life Course Perspective theoretical framework. The study found that participants initially followed a heterosexual path to conform to their family of origin and social expectations. After building their own heterosexual family projects and having their children with a man, most participants felt pressured to continue within a heterosexual path and postponed their transition to a lesbian identity trajectory despite a growing feeling that a lesbian identity would be personally fullfilling. Although participants felt proud of their identities, they struggled to express their same-gender feelings because lesbians were often seen as inappropriate models for children within Chilean society. Crucially, lesbian mothers continued to be able to count upon support for their parenting from their own mother despite intense disapproval from their family of origin and often continued opposition from ex-husbands/partners. The findings of this study revealed the strong impact of familismo, lesbophobia and Christian religious beliefs on the life course experiences of Chilean lesbian mothers. Implications for therapy and counselling with lesbian mothers living in Latino countries are reviewed.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how first generation Latino parents, whose primary language is Spanish and live in a colonia on the U.S.-Mexico border, use screen time in their homes.Methods: A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit eligible parents of pre-adolescents (ages 9-14) who were native Spanish speakers, and living on the U.S.-Mexico border. Three focus groups in Spanish (two with mothers and one with fathers) were conducted. Data were codified using a general inductive approach based on grounded theory. A consensus process was repeated until a final codebook was developed.Results: Screen time allowed parents to foster familismo (family cohesiveness and bonding) and respeto (respect). Parents knew that a healthy balance of media use is important, but broader social contexts (marital discord and economics) challenged the enforcement of familial screen time rules and parents were often permissive.Conclusions: Our study addressed research gaps by examining the understudied social and cultural contexts (practices, routines, rules, and beliefs) that shape children's screen time use among a sample of Latino immigrants living on the U.S.-Mexico border. This sample of parents indicated that familismo and respeto (i.e., cohesiveness and bonding) influence familial decision-making including screen time.

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Identificar a compreensão dos profissionais de saúde, no Brasil, sobre o direito de acompanhante, garantido ao idoso internado em instituições hospitalares, é o principal objetivo deste escrito. A metodologia consiste em uma pesquisa explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se a revisão integrativa de estudos publicados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Como resultado principal, observamos que são delegadas aos acompanhantes as mesmas atribuições do cuidador, o que contribui para a designação máxima da responsabilidade do cuidado à família.

Identifying the understanding of health professionals in Brazil about the right to accompanying elderly people hospitalized in hospital institutions is the main objective of this paper. The methodology consists of an explanatory research, with a qualitative approach, using the integrative review of studies published in the Virtual Health Library. As a main result, it was observed that the same responsibilities of the caregiver are delegated to the companion, which contributes to the maximum designation of responsibility for caring for the family.

Identificar la comprensión de los profesionales de la salud, en Brasil, sobre el derecho de un compañero, garantizado a los ancianos hospitalizados en los hospitales, es el objetivo principal de este documento. La metodología consiste en una investigación explicativa, con un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la revisión integradora de los estudios publicados en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Como resultado principal, observamos que las mismas funciones del cuidador se delegan a los compañeros, lo que contribuye a la designación máxima responsabilidad del cuidado familiar.

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Analisa-se a configuração contemporânea da Política de Assistência Social ao investigar como o Estado e as famílias compartilham responsabilidades de provisão das necessidades básicas dos indivíduos e de combate às privações, vulnerabilidades e riscos sociais. Por meio do método genealógico, faz-se uma análise documental das leis, decretos e demais regulamentos da Política de Assistência Social para elaborar subsídios para a discussão. Argumenta-se que a assistência alçou à condição de Política de Seguridade Social a partir de 1988, por meio da estruturação de um circuito familista complexo, cujas responsabilidades de combater as privações, vulnerabilidades e riscos sociais dos cidadãos estão compartilhadas entre Estado e famílias, ou, ainda, são transferidas legalmente às famílias ou assumidas integralmente por elas quando há omissão do Estado.

It analyzes the contemporary configuration of social assistance policy to investigate how the state and the families share responsibility provision to basic needs of individuals and to combat deprivation and social risks. Through genealogical method, a documentary analysis of the laws was made, decrees and other regulations of social assistance policy to develop subsidies for discussion. It argues that assistance lifted to the status of social security policy from 1988 through the structuring of a familist circuit complex, whose responsibilities to combat deprivation, vulnerability and social risks of the citizens are shared between the state and families, or are still transferred legally to families or fully assumed by them when there is state failure.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of collectivist orientation (often called familismo when applied to the Latino sub-group in the United States) in oral health discussion networks. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Through respondent-driven sampling and face-to-face interviews, we identified respondents' (egos) personal social network members (alters). Egos stated whom they talked with about oral health, and how often they discussed dental problems in the preceding 12 months. PARTICIPANTS: An urban community of adult Mexican-American immigrants in the Midwest United States. We interviewed 332 egos (90% born in Mexico); egos named an average of 3.9 alters in their networks, 1,299 in total. METHOD: We applied egocentric network methods to examine the ego, alter, and network variables that characterize health discussion networks. RESULTS: Kin were most often leveraged when dental problems arose; egos relied on individuals whom they perceive to have better knowledge about dental matters. However, reliance on knowledgeable alters decreased among egos with greater behavioral acculturation. CONCLUSIONS: This paper developed a network-based conceptualization of familismo. We describe the structure of oral health networks, including kin, fictive kin, peers, and health professionals, and examine how networks and acculturation help shape oral health among these Mexican-Americans.

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The construct of familismo has been identified as a potential protective cultural value in Hispanic cultures. This paper considers familismo and alcohol use among young people in Mexico. We conducted a qualitative study using ethnographic open ended interviews with 117 first year students at a large free public university in Mexico City between April-May 2011. The findings indicate that dimensions of familismo can act as protective factors against misuse of alcohol among Mexican youths and may be protective for moderate drinking. Future research should explore the relationship of familismo to gender roles and other cultural values during adolescence. Given the enduring influence of Mexican cultural values among Mexican Americans the research has implications for prevention programs for both Mexican and Mexican American youths.

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Prospective associations among parent-adolescent acceptance and familism values in early and middle adolescence and sibling intimacy in late adolescence and young adulthood were assessed in 246 Mexican-origin families. Older sibling gender and sibling gender constellation were investigated as moderators of these associations. Sibling intimacy was stable over time and younger siblings with older sisters reported higher levels of sibling intimacy than those with older brothers. As predicted, stronger familism values were associated with greater sibling intimacy, but this link was evident only for older sisters and for girl-girl dyads. The links from mother- and father-acceptance to sibling intimacy also depended on the gender constellation of the sibling dyad: Higher levels of maternal warmth were associated with greater sibling intimacy for older sisters and girl-girl sibling pairs but higher levels of paternal warmth were linked to greater sibling intimacy only for older siblings in mixed-gender sibling dyads. Findings are consistent with prior research on the role of gender in family relationships but extend this work to encompass the effects of both parents' and siblings' gender, as well as the role of sociocultural values in parents' socialization influences.

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A large theoretical and empirical literature documents the central role of familismo (i.e., a strong emphasis on family) in the functioning of Latino youth. Few studies, however, have examined its association with early childhood functioning. The present study explored the potential risk and protective effects of maternal familismo on the adaptive and mental health functioning of 4 - 5 year old Latino children. A sample of 205 Mexican and 147 Dominican immigrant families was recruited from New York City. Mothers reported on their level of familismo, and acculturative status. Mothers and teachers rated child adaptive behavior and internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings suggest that maternal familismo is not uniformly associated with positive or negative early developmental outcomes but that its effects are moderated by child gender, family poverty and cultural (e.g., maternal ethnic and US American identity) characteristics. In addition, different mechanisms were identified for each ethnic group. Familismo was associated both positively (for boys) and negatively (for poor children) with adaptive behavior in the Mexican American sample. In the Dominican American sample, familismo showed a wide range of positive, albeit moderated, effects. Prevention efforts that help parents critically evaluate the impact of familismo on family processes, and preserve those manifestations of familismo that are protective, may best promote Latino child well-being.