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Introduction: Pseudoaneurysm, or false aneurysm, is a clinical entity caused by rupture of the arterial wall, leading to blood leakage that is confined by sorroundig tissue. Massive hemothorax constitutes a life-threatening condition demanding timely and accurate medical response. Case report: A puerperal presented with a massive hemothorax precipitated by a traumatic cesarean section due to hemorrhage from a pseudoaneurysm of the left internal thoracic artery. Initial treatment involved a sternotomy, followed by a conclusive therapy via angioembolization. Conclusion: Precise assessment, including the measurement and localization of the ITA pseudoaneurysm is crucial to formulate an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Current medial practice favors endovascular embolization as a reliable and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery, establishing ir as the treatment of choice.

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Pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula can occur after iatrogenic trauma or penetrating injuries. Endovascular treatment is a minimally invasive method used to manage these complex vascular injuries. We have described the case of a 27-year-old male patient who had presented with progressively increasing pain and swelling of the left inguinal region after a gunshot injury 5 years earlier. The bell-bottom technique was used in a reversed fashion to exclude the pseudoaneurysm and treat the arteriovenous fistula, achieving symptom resolution without complications.

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Resumen: Se informa la conducta anestésica de un caso de pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo crónico secundario a complicación de infarto de miocardio transmural, complicación rara y casi siempre mortal. En este informe se describe el caso de una mujer de 60 años con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda a consecuencia de un infarto cardíaco ocurrido cinco meses atrás, que generó la complicación de la cual damos referencia. El manejo anestésico perioperatorio se logró al enfocarse en mantener una presión arterial estable para garantizar la perfusión cerebral y reducir el riesgo de ruptura completa del aneurisma hacia el espacio mediastinal.

Abstract: The anesthetic behavior of a case of chronic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm secondary to a complication of transmural myocardial infarction, a rare and almost always fatal complication, is reported. This report describes the case of a 60-year-old woman with acute heart failure, this is a consequence of a heart attack that occurred 5 months ago, which generated the complication of which we refer. Perioperative anesthetic management was achieved by focusing on maintaining a stable blood pressure to ensure cerebral perfusion and reduce the risk of complete rupture of the aneurysm into the mediastinal space.

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RESUMEN Los pseudoaneurismas de la arteria humeral son infrecuentes, pero pueden asociarse a complicaciones de alta morbilidad como la isquemia de miembro superior. Comunicamos un caso de pseudoaneurisma humeral en el pliegue del codo, que se presentó como tumor pulsátil con leve disminución de la temperatura y parestesias en la mano homolateral de un año de evolución, debido a una punción arterial inadvertida durante la venopunción para extracción de sangre. Se trató con éxito mediante resección quirúrgica más reconstrucción vascular con bypass húmero-cubital y bypass húmero-radial ambos con vena safena. Se discuten las diversas opciones terapéuticas disponibles para los pseudoaneurismas humerales considerando las características anatómicas y la sintomatología del paciente.

ABSTRACT Brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are rare but can be associated with severe complications as ischemia of the upper extremity. We report a case of a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in the crease of the elbow presenting as a pulsating mass with progressive growth over the past year. The ipsilateral hand was sightly cold and presented paresthesia. The lesion was due to inadvertent arterial puncture during venipuncture. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with surgical resection and vascular reconstruction with a brachial to ulnar artery bypass and brachial to radial artery bypass with saphenous vein graft. The different therapeutic options available for brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are discussed, considering the anatomic characteristics and patients' symptoms.

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RESUMEN El pseudoaneurisma es aquel hematoma pulsátil y encapsulado producido tras la rotura de todas las túnicas del vaso y contenido por tejidos vecinos circundantes. Es considerado una complicación tardía en la cirugía protésica aorto-ilíaca. Se presenta un paciente de 72 años al que se le realizó un baipás aorto-bifemoral 13 años atrás, y que posteriormente se le diagnosticó un pseudoaneurisma para-anastomótico que se dejó evolucionar por presentar varias comorbilidades asociadas. Transcurridos 2 años fue necesario realizarle una intervención quirúrgica por presentar crecimiento excesivo de la tumefacción y complicación isquémica con necrosis cutánea. La aparición de un pseudoaneurisma está relacionada con el sexo, el material protésico y con el tiempo que transcurre desde la cirugía. El seguimiento ultrasonográfico durante el postoperatorio es primordial para identificar tempranamente esta complicación.

ABSTRACT Pseudoaneurysm is that pulsatile and encapsulated hematoma produced after the rupture of all vessel layers and contained by surrounding neighboring tissues. It is considered a late complication in aorto-iliac prosthetic surgery. We present a 72-year-old patient who underwent an aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting 13 years ago, and who was subsequently diagnosed with a para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysm that was allowed to evolve due to presenting several associated comorbidities. After two years, it was necessary to perform a surgical intervention due to the excessive growth of the swelling, and ischemic complication with skin necrosis. The appearance of a pseudoaneurysm is related to sex, prosthetic material as well as the time that elapses since the surgery. Ultrasound follow-up during the postoperative period is essential for an early identification of this complication.

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Resumen Los aneurismas pediátricos son raros y pueden se causados por infección al dañar la pared arterial formando una saculación ciega contigua a su lumen denominada pseudoaneurisma micótico. La mayoría de los casos reportados son de pacientes ancianos con comorbilidades y los agentes causantes más frecuentes son Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp y raramente hongos. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 3 años con: diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfoblástica aguda de precursores B en remisión; alto riesgo de recaída por tratamiento incompleto y antecedente de bacteremia por Staphylococcus epidermidis y fungemia por Cándida tropicalis; vegetaciones cardiacas que hacen embolismo a hígado, bazo, pulmón y cerebro, y pseudoaneurisma micótico parcialmente trombosado de la arteria ilíaca común y externa. El diagnóstico temprano de esta entidad es de vital importancia por el riesgo de ruptura y el manejo quirúrgico dependerá de la localización, el tamaño y las complicaciones asociadas.

Abstract Pediatric aneurysms are rare and can be caused for damaging of the arterial wall secondary to an infection, forming a blind sacculation contiguous to its lumen called mycotic pseudoaneurysm. The majority of reported cases are from elderly patients with comorbidities. The most frequent involucre microorganisms are Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus spp and rarely fungi. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy, with a recent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B precursors in remission, with a high risk of relapse due to incomplete treatment and a history of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus epidermidis and fungemia due to Candida tropicalis; with cardiac vegetations that produce liver, spleen, lung and brain embolism, in whom a partially thrombosed mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the common and external iliac artery is found. The early diagnosis of this entity is of vital importance because of the risk of rupture. Surgical management will depend on the location, size and associated complications.

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RESUMEN El pseudoaneurisma de aorta ascendente, como complicación en cirugía cardíaca, tiene una incidencia menor del 0,5%, pero una mortalidad que varía del 6,7 al 60%. La manipulación aórtica y la infección son los principales factores predisponentes. Su clínica puede ser variada y constituir un hallazgo casual en controles posteriores. Se presenta el caso de una paciente operada de cirugía valvular mitral que a los 11 meses del postoperatorio se le diagnostica un pseudoaneurisma de aorta ascendente, que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico de emergencia. La cirugía fue llevada a cabo con la utilización de canulación periférica extramediastínica, sin requerir parada circulatoria, ni hipotermia para su correcta disección. El caso muestra una variante técnica para enfrentar una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero altamente desafiante, por la necesidad de reintervención y una correcta estrategia quirúrgica.

ABSTRACT False ascending aortic aneurysm, as a complication in cardiac surgery, has an incidence of less than 0.5%, but a mortality that ranges from 6.7% to 60%. Aortic manipulation and infection are the main predisposing factors. Its clinical presentation is non-specific and may be found incidentally on subsequent check-ups. The case of a patient undergoing mitral valve surgery who was diagnosed with ascending aortic false aneurysm, eleven months after postoperative period, requiring emergency surgical treatment is presented. The surgery was performed using extra-mediastinal peripheral cannulation, without induced circulatory arrest or hypothermia for proper dissection. The case shows a technical version to face an uncommon but highly challenging disease as it needs re-interventions and successful surgical strategies.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Pseudoaneurismas são geralmente resultantes de trauma sem corte levando provocando a laceração de parte da parede do vaso promovendo o extravasamento de sangue para os tecidos circundantes, seguidos por tamponamento e formação do coágulo. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um caso de pseudoaneurisma em artéria carótida externa como complicação de fratura de côndilo mandibular. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente de 18 anos de idade, vítima de acidente motociclístico compareceu à emergência do Hospital Regional do Cariri com fratura de côndilo mandibular associada à fratura de coronoide e parassínfise, evoluindo com pseudoaneurisma de artéria carótida externa e submetido à embolização seletiva. CONCLUSÃO: Ressaltamos que pseudoaneurismas da artéria carótida externa apresentam as fraturas de côndilo mandibular como fatores etiológicos raros, no entanto uma cuidadosa análise das suas características anatômicas assim como o diagnóstico precoce concorrem para a prevenção de acidentes e complicações graves nas abordagens dos traumas de face... (AU)

Introduction: Pseudoaneurysms are usually the result of blunt trauma leading to laceration of part of the vessel wall promoting extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues followed by tamponade and clot formation. Purpose: To present a case of external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm as a complication of mandibular condyle fracture. Case report: An 18-year-old patient, a motorcycle accident victim, attended the emergency of the Cariri Regional Hospital with a mandibular condyle fracture associated with a coronoid fracture and a parasymphysis, evolving with external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and submitted to selective embolization. Conclusion: We emphasize that pseudoaneurysms of the external carotid artery present mandibular condyle fractures as rare etiological factors, however a careful analysis of their anatomical characteristics as well as early diagnosis contributes to the prevention of accidents and serious complications in the face trauma approaches... (AU)

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The aim of this study was to review all cases of pseudoaneurysm in the literature, in predominantly arthroscopic procedures on the knee, and to report on a case of pseudoaneurysm that we treated. A bibliographic search was conducted for scientific articles published in Brazilian and foreign periodicals over the last 23 years. Forty-seven cases were found, in 40 articles. In addition to these 47 cases, there was the case that we treated, which was also included in the data. Among the operations that progressed with formation of a pseudoaneurysm, 60% were cases of meniscal injuries and 23%, anterior cruciate ligament injuries. In 46% of the cases, the artery affected with the popliteal, and in 21%, the inferomedial genicular artery. The commonest clinical symptom was pain (37%), followed by pulsating tumor (31%), edema of the calf (12%) and hemarthrosis (11%). The median time taken to make the diagnosis was 11 days, but it ranged from one day to 10 weeks after the procedure. Although rare, pseudoaneurysms are a risk that is inherent to arthroscopic surgery. All patients should be made aware of the vascular risks, even in small-scale procedures.

O objetivo deste estudo é revisar na literatura todos os casos de pseudoaneurisma em procedimentos predominantemente artroscópicos do joelho e relatar um caso de pseudoaneurisma tratado pelos autores. Foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais nos últimos 23 anos. Foram levantados 47 casos, em 40 artigos. Somou-se aos 47 um caso dos autores deste estudo que foi incluído nos dados. Das cirurgias que cursaram com pseudoaneurisma, 60% se tratavam de lesões meniscais e 23% de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior. Em 46% dos casos a artéria acometida foi poplítea e em 21% a artéria genicular inferomedial. O sintoma clínico mais comum foi dor (37%), seguido de tumor pulsátil (31%), edema de panturrilha (12%) e hemartrose (11%). A mediana do tempo para diagnóstico foi de 11 dias, mas variou de um dia até 10 semanas após o procedimento. Apesar de raro, o pseudoaneurisma é um risco inerente à cirurgia artroscópica. Todo paciente deve ser notificado dos riscos vasculares, mesmo em procedimentos de pequeno porte.

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The aim of this study was to review all cases of pseudoaneurysm in the literature, in predominantly arthroscopic procedures on the knee, and to report on a case of pseudoaneurysm that we treated. A bibliographic search was conducted for scientific articles published in Brazilian and foreign periodicals over the last 23 years. Forty-seven cases were found, in 40 articles. In addition to these 47 cases, there was the case that we treated, which was also included in the data. Among the operations that progressed with formation of a pseudoaneurysm, 60% were cases of meniscal injuries and 23%, anterior cruciate ligament injuries. In 46% of the cases, the artery affected with the popliteal, and in 21%, the inferomedial genicular artery. The commonest clinical symptom was pain (37%), followed by pulsating tumor (31%), edema of the calf (12%) and hemarthrosis (11%). The median time taken to make the diagnosis was 11 days, but it ranged from one day to 10 weeks after the procedure. Although rare, pseudoaneurysms are a risk that is inherent to arthroscopic surgery. All patients should be made aware of the vascular risks, even in small-scale procedures.

O objetivo deste estudo é revisar na literatura todos os casos de pseudoaneurisma em procedimentos predominantemente artroscópicos do joelho e relatar um caso de pseudoaneurisma tratado pelos autores. Foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais nos últimos 23 anos. Foram levantados 47 casos, em 40 artigos. Somou-se aos 47 um caso dos autores deste estudo que foi incluído nos dados. Das cirurgias que cursaram com pseudoaneurisma, 60% se tratavam de lesões meniscais e 23% de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior. Em 46% dos casos a artéria acometida foi poplítea e em 21% a artéria genicular inferomedial. O sintoma clínico mais comum foi dor (37%), seguido de tumor pulsátil (31%), edema de panturrilha (12%) e hemartrose (11%). A mediana do tempo para diagnóstico foi de 11 dias, mas variou de um dia até 10 semanas após o procedimento. Apesar de raro, o pseudoaneurisma é um risco inerente à cirurgia artroscópica. Todo paciente deve ser notificado dos riscos vasculares, mesmo em procedimentos de pequeno porte.

O objetivo deste estudo é revisar na literatura todos os casos de pseudoaneurisma em procedimentos predominantemente artroscópicos do joelho e relatar um caso de pseudoaneurisma tratado pelos autores. Foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais nos últimos 23 anos. Foram levantados 47 casos, em 40 artigos. Somou-se aos 47 um caso dos autores deste estudo que foi incluído nos dados. Das cirurgias que cursaram com pseudoaneurisma, 60% se tratavam de lesões meniscais e 23% de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior. Em 46% dos casos a artéria acometida foi poplítea e em 21% a artéria genicular inferomedial. O sintoma clínico mais comum foi dor (37%), seguido de tumor pulsátil (31%), edema de panturrilha (12%) e hemartrose (11%). A mediana do tempo para diagnóstico foi de 11 dias, mas variou de um dia até 10 semanas após o procedimento. Apesar de raro, o pseudoaneurisma é um risco inerente à cirurgia artroscópica. Todo paciente deve ser notificado dos riscos vasculares, mesmo em procedimentos de pequeno porte.

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La pancreatoduodenectomía (cirugía de Whipple) es un procedimiento realizado frecuentemente para el manejo de neoplasias pancreáticas. Las complicaciones hemorrágicas de este procedimiento son bien conocidas, sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre el desarrollo de pseudoaneurisma portal como complicación de esta cirugía. Aquí presentamos un caso de pseudoaneurisma portal en una paciente de 76 años que evoluciona con hemorragia tardía post pancreatoduodenectomía. Se realiza una tomografía computada de abdomen que demuestra el pseudoaneurisma de la vena porta, que se corrobora quirúrgicamente como un desgarro de 2 centímetros en esta estructura. El pseudoaneurisma se desarrolla adyacente a un tubo de drenaje abdominal y en el intraoperatorio se evidencia filtración de la anastomosis, hallazgos también descritos en otro caso de pseudoaneurisma portal post pancreatoduodenectomía, situación que sugiere que estas condiciones pudiesen ser factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta complicación.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple surgery) is a procedure commonly performed for the management of pancreatic neoplasms. Hemorrhagic complications for this procedure are well known, however, there is little information on the development of portal vein pseudoaneurysm as a complication of this surgery. We present a case of a 76 year old patient with portal vein pseudoaneurysm which formed as a result of lateonset bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Computed tomography of the abdomen was performed showing the portal vein pseudoaneurysm, which was surgically corroborated as a 2cm tear in this structure. The pseudoaneurysm developed adjacent to an abdominal drainage tube and in the intraoperative anastomotic leakage was evident, findings also described in another case of portal vein pseudoaneurysm after pancreaticoduodenectomy, a situation that suggests that these conditions might be risk factors for the development of this complication.

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INTRODUCTION: Femoral pseudoaneurysms are a complication that occurs in connection with up to 8% of percutaneous procedures. Of the available treatments, ultrasound guided thrombin injection has a high success rate and is well-tolerated by patients. The combination of thrombin and fibrinogen known as fibrin sealant forms a stable clot and can be used to treat pseudoaneurysms, particularly those with complex anatomy and larger size. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of treating femoral pseudoaneurysm in two ways: Group T was treated with thrombin alone and Group T+F was treated with fibrin sealant (thrombin+fibrinogen). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of femoral pseudoaneurysm cases treated between January 2005 and December 2012. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were treated, 21 with thrombin alone and seven with fibrin sealant. All patients in group T were treated successfully, but only four patients in group T+F were treated successfully (57.1% success rate in Group T+F, p<0.01). The three cases of failure in group T+F needed surgery and in one of these cases the complication was embolization to the femoral bifurcation. The pseudoaneurysms that were treated with fibrin sealant were larger (25 cm3 in Group T and 57.7 cm3 in Group T+F, p=0.02) and required larger volumes of thrombin (0.5 mL in Group T and 1.0 mL in Group T+F, p<0.01). There was one complication in Group T and two complications in Group T+F (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of the small number of cases reviewed, treatment with thrombin alone was superior to treating with fibrin sealant, since it caused few complications and was more effective at correcting pseudoaneurysms. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O pseudoaneurisma femoral é complicação descrita em até 8% dos procedimentos percutâneos. Dentre os tratamentos, a injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom tem alta taxa de sucesso e boa tolerância pelos pacientes. O uso da trombina associada ao fibrinogênio, chamado selante de fibrina, forma um coágulo estável que pode ser usado para o tratamento do pseudoaneurisma, principalmente aqueles de anatomia complexa e maiores. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados do tratamento do pseudoaneurisma femoral em dois grupos: Grupo T, tratado com trombina isoladamente, e Grupo T+F, tratado com selante de fibrina (trombina+fibrinogênio). MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva dos casos de pseudoaneurisma femoral tratados entre janeiro/2005 e dezembro/2012. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 28 pacientes, 21 com trombina isolada e sete com selante de fibrina. Houve sucesso no tratamento de todos os pacientes do grupo T e somente em quatro casos do grupo T+F (57,1% no Grupo T+F, p<0,01). Os três casos de insucesso no grupo T+F necessitaram cirurgia, sendo que, em um deles, a causa foi embolização para a bifurcação femoral. Os pseudoaneurismas tratados com selante de fibrina apresentaram maior tamanho (25 cm3 no Grupo T e 57,7 cm3 no Grupo T+F, p=0,02) e houve necessidade de maior volume de trombina (0,5 mL no Grupo T e 1,0 mL no Grupo T+F, p<0,01). Houve uma complicação no Grupo T e duas no Grupo T+F (p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do número reduzido de casos, o tratamento com trombina isolada foi superior ao selante de fibrina, levando a poucas complicações e à maior eficácia para resolução do pseudoaneurisma. .

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La presencia de sintomatología local originada por fístulas arteriovenosas funcionantes en enfermos renales trasplantados es un motivo de consulta al angiólogo y cirujano vascular relativamente frecuente. Dolor o disestesias secundarios a un desarrollo excesivo de la rama venosa de la fístula son, junto al temor al sangrado, los síntomas referidos por los pacientes. Sin embargo, son raros los casos en los que la sintomatología es debida a un aneurisma anastomótico o perianastomótico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente sometido a trasplante renal 5 años atrás que acudía por una tumoración pulsátil situada en la región radial del antebrazo izquierdo, en la zona en que se había realizado una fístula arteriovenosa para diálisis. La exploración clínica y el estudio hemodinámico con eco-Doppler a color demostraron la permeabilidad de la fístula y la existencia de un aneurisma postanastomótico. Se procedió al tratamiento quirúrgico, se eliminó el aneurisma y se tomó la decisión de reconstruir la rama venosa arterializada implicada para mantener permeable el angioacceso por si fuera necesario utilizar en el futuro. Los resultados fueron una revascularización completa del acceso vascular permanente y la desaparición de los síntomas ocasionados por la expansión local del aneurisma.

The presence of local symptomatology originated by funtional arteriovenous fistula in transplanted renal patients, it is a reason for consultation to angiologist and relatively frequent vascular surgeon. Secondary pain or dysesthesias to an excessive development of the fistula venous branch are the symptoms referred by patients. Nevertheless, is not frequent the cases in which the symptoms are due to an anastomotic or perianastomotic aneurysm. It appears a case of a patient submissive to a renal transplant 5 years ago that arrived with a pulsating mass located in the radial region of the left forearm, in the zone in which an arteriovenous fistula for dialysis had been carried out. The clinical exploration and the hemodinamic study with color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated the permeability of the fistula and the existence of a postanastomotic aneurysm. The surgical treatment was carried out, the aneurysm was eliminated and it was taken the decision of reconstructing the arterialized venus branch implied to maintain permeable the angioacces in case it will be necessary to use in the future. The results were a complete revascularization of the permanent vascular access and the disappearance of the symptoms caused by the local expansion of the aneurysm.

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El pseudo-aneurisma de arteria coronaria es extremadamente raro. Su historia natural es poco conocida y su tratamiento discutido. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con pseudo-aneurisma de tronco de la coronaria izquierda e infarto antero-apical del ventrículo izquierdo cinco años después de un paro cardíaco secundario a un traumatismo no penetrante de tórax. Se consideró entonces que la lesión no era pasible de corrección percutánea o quirúrgica por lo que se optó por tratamiento médico conservador. Una angiografía coronaria por tomografía computarizada multicorte realizada 10 años después del evento inicial mostró ausencia de progresión de la lesión.

Coronary pseudo-aneurysm is an extremely rare entity. Its natural history is scarcely known and its treatment is controversial. We report a case of pseudo-aneurysm of the left main coronary artery associated with an antero-apical infarct of the left ventricle diagnosed five years after a cardiac arrest following a non-penetrating thoracic trauma. The patient was treated conservatively because percutaneous or surgical correction were not considered suitable for this lesion. A multidetector computed tomography coronary angiogram performed 10 years after the initial event showed no evidence of progression.

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In patients who have been the victims of high-energy trauma, severe pelvic injury should always be suspected. Most of these fractures are stable and respond well to conservative treatment. Pelvic fractures constitute 3% of all skeletal fractures and are associated with high-energy trauma. They are potentially serious injuries with significant mortality and large numbers of associated lesions. There are fundamentally three sources of bleeding in pelvic fractures: arterial, venous and through the bone ends of the fracture. Arterial bleeding is more associated with hemodynamic instability. In such cases, both early external fixation of the pelvic fracture and angiography with selective embolization of the bleeding vessels are effective methods for achieving hemostasis. Aneurysms of iliac artery branches are rare and are mostly pseudoaneurysm relating to the traumatic event. The natural history of pseudoaneurysms is unknown because of their rarity, but if they rupture, the mortality rate is high. We report a case of spontaneous thrombosis of a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the right iliac artery.

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Em doentes vítimas de trauma de grande energia uma lesão pélvica grave deve ser sempre suspeitada. Na sua maioria, as fraturas são estáveis, respondendo bem ao tratamento conservador. As fraturas da bacia constituem 3 por cento do total das fraturas do esqueleto, associam-se a trauma de grande energia, sendo lesões potencialmente graves, com uma mortalidade significativa e grande número de lesões associadas. Há fundamentalmente três fontes de sangramento nas fraturas pélvicas: arterial, venosa e pelos topos ósseos da fratura. O sangramento arterial está mais associado com instabilidade hemodinâmica. Nos casos indicados, tanto a fixação externa precoce da fratura de bacia como a angiografia com embolização seletiva dos vasos sangrantes são métodos efetivos para a hemostasia. Os aneurismas de ramos da artéria ilíaca são raros, sendo na maioria pseudoaneurismas relacionados com o episódio traumático. A história natural dos pseudoaneurismas é desconhecida por serem uma identidade rara, mas a sua ruptura traduz-se em grande mortalidade. Relatamos um caso de trombose espontânea de pseudoaneurisma de ramo da artéria ilíaca direita.

In patients who have been the victims of high-energy trauma, severe pelvic injury should always be suspected. Most of these fractures are stable and respond well to conservative treatment. Pelvic fractures constitute 3 percent of all skeletal fractures and are associated with high-energy trauma. They are potentially serious injuries with significant mortality and large numbers of associated lesions. There are fundamentally three sources of bleeding in pelvic fractures: arterial, venous and through the bone ends of the fracture. Arterial bleeding is more associated with hemodynamic instability. In such cases, both early external fixation of the pelvic fracture and angiography with selective embolization of the bleeding vessels are effective methods for achieving hemostasis. Aneurysms of iliac artery branches are rare and are mostly pseudoaneurysm relating to the traumatic event. The natural history of pseudoaneurysms is unknown because of their rarity, but if they rupture, the mortality rate is high. We report a case of spontaneous thrombosis of a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the right iliac artery.

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