RESUMO

The control of sward height at the early stockpiling period influences the structural characteristics of stockpiled sward in winter. So, we conducted this work on the Cerrado region of Brazil based on the hypothesis that the reduction of pasture height at the beginning of stockpiling period results in: (i) lower stock of forage mass; and (ii) higher live leaf mass, but lower stem mass in stockpiled pasture during the winter. The treatments were four sward heights (15, 25, 35, and 45 cm) at early stockpiling period of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with three replications (paddocks with 800 m²). The stockpiled swards were evaluated during the grazing period in winter on days 7 (beginning), 45 (middle) and 90 (end). The vegetative tiller number (VEGT), live leaf mass (LLM) and leaf area index (LAI) were greater in the 15 cm stockpiled pasture than the other treatments. Greater heights (35 and 45 cm) at stockpiling resulted in greater forage mass than lower heights (15 and 25 cm). The VEGT, LLM, number of reproductive tillers, live stem mass, forage mass and LAI values were higher at the beginning than at the end of the grazing period. Our hypothesis has been proven, so that the reduction of sward height of the marandu palisadegrass at the beginning of the stockpiling period results in lesser forage mass, but with better structural characteristics.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of structural characteristics of deferred pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) subjected to associations of sward heights (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) at the beginning of deferment and grazing periods (1, 28, 56, 85, and 113 days). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot and completely randomized-block design with two replicates. Pastures remained deferred from March to June 2010. From June to the beginning of October 2010, deferred pastures were utilized by steers under continuous grazing and at a fixed initial stocking rate of 3.5 AU ha-1. At the beginning of the deferment, the coefficient of variation (CV) for pasture height was reduced linearly with the pasture height. During the grazing period, in the winter, the CV for pasture height was not influenced by initial pasture height; however, it responded quadratically to the grazing period, with a maximum value of 36.4% at 71 days of the period of utilization. The CV for tiller height was reduced linearly with pasture height at the beginning of deferment but increased linearly along with the grazing period. The initial pasture height did not change the CV of the falling index. However, the latter was quadratically influenced by the grazing period, with a maximum value of 59.5% at 67 days of the utilization period. Signal grass pastures deferred at a lower height have a higher spatial variability of the vegetation. In the grazing period, there are changes in the spatial variability of the vegetation of the deferred signal grass.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the productive characteristics, structural and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivars BRS Massai and BRS Tamani submitted to different periods of deferment and moments of use. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3, being two grass cultivars (Massai grass and Tamani grass), two deferment periods (rainy season and dry-rainy transition) and three sealing times (40, 80 and 120 days). Both cultivars had higher leaf transpiration rate when used for 40 days of deferment (0.63 mol/m2/s). It was observed that the cultivar BRS Massai presented higher photosynthetic rate (P 0.05) to 40 days of deferment (1.10 mol/m2/s), higher rate of production and forage accumulation when used for 40 days. On another side, there was a greater efficiency in the use of water during the period of transition in the pastures sealed for 80 and 120 days (64.60 and 62.30 kg DM/ha/mm, respectively). A reduction (P 0.05) of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) was observed with the increase in pasture sealing time. In general, the deferment in the transition period allows the use of forage without greater productive and nutrient losses up to 80 days of sealing for the cultivar BRS Tamani and up to 40 days for BRS Massai.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características produtivas, estruturais e composição química de Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivares BRS Massai e BRS Tamani submetidas à diferentes períodos de diferimento e momentos de utilização. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares de gramíneas (capim-massai e capim-tamani), dois períodos de diferimento (período chuvoso e transição chuvoso-seco) e três tempos de vedação (40, 80 e 120 dias). Ambas as cultivares tiveram maior taxa de transpiração foliar quando utilizadas aos 40 dias de diferimento (0,63 mol/m2/s). Observou-se que a cultivar BRS Massai apresentou a maior taxa fotossintética (1,10 mol/m²/s), taxa de produção e acúmulo de forragem quando utilizada aos 40 dias de diferimento (P 0,05). Por outo lado, houve maior eficiência no uso da água durante o período de transição nos pastos vedados por 80 e 120 dias (64,60 e 62,30 kg de MS/ha/mm, respectivamente). Observou-se redução (P 0,05) dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e proteína bruta (PB) com o aumento no tempo de vedação das pastagens. De modo geral o diferimento no período de transição possibilita a utilização da forragem sem maiores perdas produtivas e nutritivas até os 80 dias de vedação para a cultivar BRS Tamani e até os 40 dias para a BRS Massai.

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the productive characteristics, structural and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivars BRS Massai and BRS Tamani submitted to different periods of deferment and moments of use. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3, being two grass cultivars (Massai grass and Tamani grass), two deferment periods (rainy season and dry-rainy transition) and three sealing times (40, 80 and 120 days). Both cultivars had higher leaf transpiration rate when used for 40 days of deferment (0.63 µmol/m2/s). It was observed that the cultivar BRS Massai presented higher photosynthetic rate (P<0.05) to 40 days of deferment (1.10 µmol/m2/s), higher rate of production and forage accumulation when used for 40 days. On another side, there was a greater efficiency in the use of water during the period of transition in the pastures sealed for 80 and 120 days (64.60 and 62.30 kg DM/ha/mm, respectively). A reduction (P<0.05) of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) was observed with the increase in pasture sealing time. In general, the deferment in the transition period allows the use of forage without greater productive and nutrient losses up to 80 days of sealing for the cultivar BRS Tamani and up to 40 days for BRS Massai.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características produtivas, estruturais e composição química de Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivares BRS Massai e BRS Tamani submetidas à diferentes períodos de diferimento e momentos de utilização. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares de gramíneas (capim-massai e capim-tamani), dois períodos de diferimento (período chuvoso e transição chuvoso-seco) e três tempos de vedação (40, 80 e 120 dias). Ambas as cultivares tiveram maior taxa de transpiração foliar quando utilizadas aos 40 dias de diferimento (0,63 µmol/m2/s). Observou-se que a cultivar BRS Massai apresentou a maior taxa fotossintética (1,10 µmol/m²/s), taxa de produção e acúmulo de forragem quando utilizada aos 40 dias de diferimento (P<0,05). Por outo lado, houve maior eficiência no uso da água durante o período de transição nos pastos vedados por 80 e 120 dias (64,60 e 62,30 kg de MS/ha/mm, respectivamente). Observou-se redução (P<0,05) dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e proteína bruta (PB) com o aumento no tempo de vedação das pastagens. De modo geral o diferimento no período de transição possibilita a utilização da forragem sem maiores perdas produtivas e nutritivas até os 80 dias de vedação para a cultivar BRS Tamani e até os 40 dias para a BRS Massai.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the effects of height (15 and 30 cm) and nitrogen dose (N, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at the beginning of the stockpiling period on the structural characteristics of the Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu palisade grass) during winter. The falling index of the plant did not vary with the factors under scrutiny (P>0,10). The number of basal tillers was higher (P<0,10) in the 15-cm deferred canopy than in the 30-cm canopy only when the highest N dose was used. Under conditions of application of 0 or 80 kg ha-1 of N, the 30-cm stockpiled canopies showed a higher (P<0,10) forage mass than the 15-cm ones. Associated with reduced canopy height at the beginning of stockpiling period, nitrogen fertilization improves the morphological composition of Marandu palisade grass. To maximize the forage mass in the dry season, the canopies of Marandu palisade grass can be deferred either at 15 cm (fertilized with about 100 kg ha-1 of N) or at 30 cm (with no nitrogen fertilization) at the beginning of the stockpiling period.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da altura (15 e 30 cm) e da dose de nitrogênio (N, 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) no início do período de diferimento sobre as características estruturais da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) durante o inverno. O índice de tombamento da planta não variou com os fatores estudados (P>0,10). O número de perfilho basal foi maior (P<10) no dossel diferido com 15 cm do que naquele com 30 cm apenas quando a maior dose de N foi utilizada. Nas condições em que N não foi aplicado e quando 80 kg ha-1 de N foi empregado, os dosséis diferidos com 30 cm apresentaram maior (P<10) massa de forragem do que aqueles com 15 cm. Associada à redução da altura do dossel no início do período de diferimento, a adubação nitrogenada melhora a composição morfológica do capim-marandu. Para maximizar a massa de forragem na época seca do ano, os dosséis de capimmarandu podem, no início do período de diferimento, ser diferidos (i) com 15 cm e adubados com cerca de 100 kg ha-1 de N ou (ii) com 30 cm e sem adubação nitrogenada.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the effects of height (15 and 30 cm) and nitrogen dose (N, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at the beginning of the stockpiling period on the structural characteristics of the Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu palisade grass) during winter. The falling index of the plant did not vary with the factors under scrutiny (P>0,10). The number of basal tillers was higher (P<0,10) in the 15-cm deferred canopy than in the 30-cm canopy only when the highest N dose was used. Under conditions of application of 0 or 80 kg ha-1 of N, the 30-cm stockpiled canopies showed a higher (P<0,10) forage mass than the 15-cm ones. Associated with reduced canopy height at the beginning of stockpiling period, nitrogen fertilization improves the morphological composition of Marandu palisade grass. To maximize the forage mass in the dry season, the canopies of Marandu palisade grass can be deferred either at 15 cm (fertilized with about 100 kg ha-1 of N) or at 30 cm (with no nitrogen fertilization) at the beginning of the stockpiling period.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da altura (15 e 30 cm) e da dose de nitrogênio (N, 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) no início do período de diferimento sobre as características estruturais da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) durante o inverno. O índice de tombamento da planta não variou com os fatores estudados (P>0,10). O número de perfilho basal foi maior (P<10) no dossel diferido com 15 cm do que naquele com 30 cm apenas quando a maior dose de N foi utilizada. Nas condições em que N não foi aplicado e quando 80 kg ha-1 de N foi empregado, os dosséis diferidos com 30 cm apresentaram maior (P<10) massa de forragem do que aqueles com 15 cm. Associada à redução da altura do dossel no início do período de diferimento, a adubação nitrogenada melhora a composição morfológica do capim-marandu. Para maximizar a massa de forragem na época seca do ano, os dosséis de capimmarandu podem, no início do período de diferimento, ser diferidos (i) com 15 cm e adubados com cerca de 100 kg ha-1 de N ou (ii) com 30 cm e sem adubação nitrogenada.(AU)

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RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura da Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk em locais do mesmo pasto com intensidades de pastejo variáveis (subpastejado, pastejo adequado e sobrepastejado). Os pastos foram manejados com bovinos de 200 kg sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável para manter sua altura em 25 cm. O delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, foi utilizado. As alturas do pasto (38,0 cm) e da planta estendida (85,2 cm) foram maiores no local subpastejado. O índice de tombamento foi menor no local com pastejo adequado (1,28). No local subpastejado, as massas de lâmina foliar verde (3442 kg ha <->1 de MS), colmo verde (8370 kg ha <->1 de MS), forragem verde (11812 kg ha <->1 de MS) e forragem total (14137 kg ha <->1 de MS) foram maiores quando comparada aos locais sobrepastejado e com pastejo adequado. A massa de material morto foi maior nos locais com pastejo adequado (3422 kg ha <->1 de MS) e com subpastejo (2324 kg ha <->1 de MS). Nos locais com subpastejo houve maior ocorrência de perfilhos com mais de 40 cm. Nos locais com pastejo adequado predominaram perfilhos de 10 a 30 cm. No local sobrepastejado, houve maior participação de perfilhos com menos de 20 cm. Existe variabilidade espacial da vegetação no pasto de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk devido à desuniformidade de pastejo exercida pelos bovinos.(AU)

The experiment was conducted to evaluate Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk at different sites of the same pasture featuring varying grazing intensities (under grazed, properly grazed and overgrazed). The pasture was managed under continuous stocking using 200-kg cattle and grass height kept at about 25 cm. The randomized block design was used, with three replications. Sward height (38.0 cm) and extended plant height (85.2 cm) were greater at the under grazed site. The falling index was lower at the properly grazed site (1.28). At the under grazed site, the masses of green leaf blade (3442 kg ha <->1 DM), green stem (8370 kg ha <->1 DM), green forage (11812 kg ha <->1 DM) and total forage (14137 kg ha <->1 DM) were higher when compared to the overgrazed and properly grazed sites. Dead material mass was higher at the properly grazed (3422 kg ha <->1 DM) and under grazed (2324 kg ha <->1 DM) sites. At the under grazed sites, there was a higher occurrence of tillers taller than 40 cm. Tillers with sizes between 10 and 30 cm predominated in properly grazed sites. In overgrazed site there was a higher share of tillers with sizes smaller than 20 cm. There is spatial variability of vegetation in the same pasture of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk due to uneven grazing by cattle.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura da Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk em locais do mesmo pasto com intensidades de pastejo variáveis (subpastejado, pastejo adequado e sobrepastejado). Os pastos foram manejados com bovinos de 200 kg sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável para manter sua altura em 25 cm. O delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, foi utilizado. As alturas do pasto (38,0 cm) e da planta estendida (85,2 cm) foram maiores no local subpastejado. O índice de tombamento foi menor no local com pastejo adequado (1,28). No local subpastejado, as massas de lâmina foliar verde (3442 kg ha

The experiment was conducted to evaluate Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk at different sites of the same pasture featuring varying grazing intensities (under grazed, properly grazed and overgrazed). The pasture was managed under continuous stocking using 200-kg cattle and grass height kept at about 25 cm. The randomized block design was used, with three replications. Sward height (38.0 cm) and extended plant height (85.2 cm) were greater at the under grazed site. The falling index was lower at the properly grazed site (1.28). At the under grazed site, the masses of green leaf blade (3442 kg ha

Assuntos