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Infectious disease (ID) cohorts are key to advancing public health surveillance, public policies, and pandemic responses. Unfortunately, ID cohorts often lack funding to store and share clinical-epidemiological (CE) data and high-dimensional laboratory (HDL) data long term, which is evident when the link between these data elements is not kept up to date. This becomes particularly apparent when smaller cohorts fail to successfully address the initial scientific objectives due to limited case numbers, which also limits the potential to pool these studies to monitor long-term cross-disease interactions within and across populations. CE data from 9 arbovirus (arthropod-borne viruses) cohorts in Latin America were retrospectively harmonized using the Maelstrom Research methodology and standardized to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). We created a harmonized and standardized meta-cohort that contains CE and HDL data from 9 arbovirus studies from Latin America. To facilitate advancements in cross-population inference and reuse of cohort data, the Reconciliation of Cohort Data for Infectious Diseases (ReCoDID) Consortium harmonized and standardized CE and HDL from 9 arbovirus cohorts into 1 meta-cohort. Interested parties will be able to access data dictionaries that include information on variables across the data sets via Bio Studies. After consultation with each cohort, linked harmonized and curated human cohort data (CE and HDL) will be made accessible through the European Genome-phenome Archive platform to data users after their requests are evaluated by the ReCoDID Data Access Committee. This meta-cohort can facilitate various joint research projects (eg, on immunological interactions between sequential flavivirus infections and for the evaluation of potential biomarkers for severe arboviral disease).
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Infecções por Arbovirus , Humanos , Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Arbovírus , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , AdultoRESUMO
A convex fair partition of a convex polygonal region is defined as a partition on which all regions are convex and have equal area and equal perimeter. In this article we describe an algorithm that finds such fair partition. â¢The Fair Partitions method finds a fair partition for any given convex polygon and any given number of regions.â¢Our method relies on two well-known methods: Lloyd's algorithm and the Normal Flow Algorithm.â¢The method proposed in this article can be used in various contexts and many real-world applications.
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Abstract Infectious diseases socially imply individual and community medical problems. Therefore, they require actions aimed at social processes that affect the well-being of the individuals without losing sight of social groups. Faced with this panorama, we ask ourselves: is there a direct relationship between ethics and infectious diseases? To elucidate an answer, let us remember the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic when guidelines based on ethical principles were issued to facilitate medical decisions on allocating scarce resources in periods of maximum demand. In those moments, since there was no inclusive component of society, the decisions made produced massive criticism. The reactions demonstrated the need to analyze in detail the criteria that had been considered correct. Consequently, we affirm that bioethical principles are transcendental in medical decisions and must be examined, not only for the individual but also with a view to public health. Moreover, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has lived with us for decades, and it continues to show its tragic face in the form of new cases, chronic illnesses, and deaths. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS brings us closer to a complex reality where the fight against disease and global health are interrelated with other problems, such as the need to reduce inequality, for which human rights, gender equality, social protection, and the development of research projects, where the ethics committees in research in community processes are constituents.
Resumen Las enfermedades infecciosas implican problemas médicos individuales y comunitarios, por lo que requieren acciones dirigidas a procesos sociales que incidan en el bienestar de los individuos, sin perder de vista a los grupos sociales. Nos preguntamos: ¿existe relación directa entre la ética y las enfermedades infecciosas? Para dilucidar una respuesta, recordemos el periodo más álgido de la pandemia por COVID-19, cuando se emitieron guías fundamentadas en principios éticos para facilitar las decisiones médicas en la asignación de recursos escasos en periodos de máxima demanda. Al no haber un componente inclusivo con la sociedad, las decisiones que se tomaron produjeron críticas masivas, que demostraron la necesidad de analizar a detalle los criterios que se habían considerado correctos. En consecuencia, afirmamos que los principios bioéticos son trascendentales en las decisiones médicas y deben ser examinados, no solo frente al individuo, sino de cara a la salud pública (bien común e individualidad). Por otra parte, la epidemia del SIDA (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida) convive con nosotros desde hace décadas. ONUSIDA (Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA) nos acerca una realidad compleja, como es que la lucha contra la enfermedad y por la salud global se interrelaciona con otros problemas como la necesidad de reducer la desigualdad, por los derechos humanos, la igualdad de género, la protección social y el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, donde los comités de Ética en investigación en procesos comunitarios son constituyentes.
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Infectious diseases socially imply individual and community medical problems. Therefore, they require actions aimed at social processes that affect the well-being of the individuals without losing sight of social groups. Faced with this panorama, we ask ourselves: is there a direct relationship between ethics and infectious diseases? To elucidate an answer, let us remember the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic when guidelines based on ethical principles were issued to facilitate medical decisions on allocating scarce resources in periods of maximum demand. In those moments, since there was no inclusive component of society, the decisions made produced massive criticism. The reactions demonstrated the need to analyze in detail the criteria that had been considered correct. Consequently, we affirm that bioethical principles are transcendental in medical decisions and must be examined, not only for the individual but also with a view to public health. Moreover, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has lived with us for decades, and it continues to show its tragic face in the form of new cases, chronic illnesses, and deaths. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS brings us closer to a complex reality where the fight against disease and global health are interrelated with other problems, such as the need to reduce inequality, for which human rights, gender equality, social protection, and the development of research projects, where the ethics committees in research in community processes are constituents.
Las enfermedades infecciosas implican problemas médicos individuales y comunitarios, por lo que requieren acciones dirigidas a procesos sociales que incidan en el bienestar de los individuos, sin perder de vista a los grupos sociales. Nos preguntamos: ¿existe relación directa entre la ética y las enfermedades infecciosas? Para dilucidar una respuesta, recordemos el periodo más álgido de la pandemia por COVID-19, cuando se emitieron guías fundamentadas en principios éticos para facilitar las decisiones médicas en la asignación de recursos escasos en periodos de máxima demanda. Al no haber un componente inclusivo con la sociedad, las decisiones que se tomaron produjeron críticas masivas, que demostraron la necesidad de analizar a detalle los criterios que se habían considerado correctos. En consecuencia, afirmamos que los principios bioéticos son trascendentales en las decisiones médicas y deben ser examinados, no solo frente al individuo, sino de cara a la salud pública (bien común e individualidad). Por otra parte, la epidemia del SIDA (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida) convive con nosotros desde hace décadas. ONUSIDA (Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA) nos acerca una realidad compleja, como es que la lucha contra la enfermedad y por la salud global se interrelaciona con otros problemas como la necesidad de reducer la desigualdad, por los derechos humanos, la igualdad de género, la protección social y el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, donde los comités de Ética en investigación en procesos comunitarios son constituyentes.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Humanos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Atmospheric data are collected by researchers every day. Campaigns such as GOAmazon 2014/2015 and the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory collect essential data on aerosols, gases, cloud properties, and meteorological parameters in the Brazilian Amazon basin. These data products provide insights and essential information for analyzing and predicting natural processes. However, in Brazil, it is estimated that more than 80% of the scientific data collected are not published due to the lack of web portals that collect and store these data. This makes it difficult, or even impossible, to access and integrate the data, which can result in the loss of significant amounts of information and significantly affect the understanding of the overall data. To address this problem, we propose a data portal architecture and open data deployment that enable Big Data processing, human interaction, and download-oriented approaches with tools that help users catalog, publish and visualize atmospheric data. Thus, we describe the architecture developed, based on the experience of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data Center, which incorporates the principles of FAIR, the infrastructure and content management system for managing scientific data. The portal partial results were tested with environmental data from contaminated areas at the University of São Paulo. Overall, this data portal creates more shared knowledge about atmospheric processes by providing users with access to open environmental data.
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Publicações , Editoração , Humanos , Brasil , AerossóisRESUMO
Our aim is to contribute to the classification of anomalous patterns in biosignals using this novel approach. We specifically focus on melanoma and heart murmurs. We use a comparative study of two convolution networks in the Complex and Real numerical domains. The idea is to obtain a powerful approach for building portable systems for early disease detection. Two similar algorithmic structures were chosen so that there is no bias determined by the number of parameters to train. Three clinical data sets, ISIC2017, PH2, and Pascal, were used to carry out the experiments. Mean comparison hypothesis tests were performed to ensure statistical objectivity in the conclusions. In all cases, complex-valued networks presented a superior performance for the Precision, Recall, F1 Score, Accuracy, and Specificity metrics in the detection of associated anomalies. The best complex number-based classifier obtained in the Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) space presents a Euclidean distance of 0.26127 with respect to the ideal classifier, as opposed to the best real number-based classifier, whose Euclidean distance to the ideal is 0.36022 for the same task of melanoma detection. The 27.46% superiority in this metric, as in the others reported in this work, suggests that complex-valued networks have a greater ability to extract features for more efficient discrimination in the dataset.
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The FAIR principles have become a data management instrument for the academic and scientific community, since they provide a set of guiding principles to bring findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability to data and metadata stewardship. Since their official publication in 2016 by Scientific Data Nature, these principles have received worldwide recognition and have been quickly endorsed and adopted as a cornerstone of data stewardship and research policy. However, when put into practice, they occasionally result in organisational, legal and technological challenges that can lead to doubts and uncertainty as to whether the effort of implementing them is worthwhile. Soon after their publication, the European Commission and other funding agencies started to require that project proposals include a Data Management Plan (DMP) based on the FAIR principles. This paper reports on the adherence of DMPs to the FAIR principles, critically evaluating ten European DMP templates. We observed that the current FAIRness of most of these DMPs is only partly satisfactory, in that they address data best practices, findability, accessibility and sometimes preservation, but pay much less attention to metadata and interoperability.
Os princípios FAIR tornaram-se um instrumento de gestão de dados para a comunidade acadêmica e científica, uma vez que fornecem um conjunto de princípios orientadores que facilitam a localização, acessibilidade, interoperabilidade e reutilização de dados e metadados. Desde sua publicação oficial em 2016 pela Scientific Data - Nature, esses princípios receberam reconhecimento mundial e foram rapidamente endossados e adotados como pilares da gestão de dados e das políticas de pesquisa. No entanto, quando postos em prática, apresentam ocasionalmente desafios organizacionais, jurídicos e tecnológicos que podem levar a dúvidas e incertezas quanto ao esforço em implementá-los. Logo após sua publicação, a Comissão Europeia e outras agências de financiamento começaram a exigir nas suas propostas de projetos um Plano de Gestão de Dados (PGD) com base nos princípios da FAIR. Este artigo relata a aderência dos PGDs aos princípios FAIR, avaliando criticamente dez modelos europeus de PGD. Observamos que o nível de FAIRness da maioria dos PGDs analisados ainda é parcialmente satisfatório, uma vez que abordam as melhores práticas de dados, localização, acessibilidade e, às vezes, preservação, mas dão pouca atenção aos metadados e a interoperabilidade.
Los principios FAIR se han convertido en una herramienta de gestión de datos para la comunidad académica y científica, ya que proporcionan un conjunto de principios rectores que facilitan la localización, accesibilidad, interoperabilidad y reutilización de la gestión de datos y metadatos. Desde su publicación oficial en 2016 por Scientific Data - Nature, estos principios han recibido reconocimiento mundial y fueron rápidamente respaldados y adoptados como pilares de la política de investigación y gestión de datos. Sin embargo, cuando se ponen en práctica, ocasionalmente presentan desafíos organizativos, legales y tecnológicos que pueden generar dudas e incertidumbres sobre el esfuerzo para implementarlos. Poco después de su publicación, la Comisión Europea y otras agencias de financiación comenzaron a exigir en sus propuestas de proyectos un Plan de Gestión de Datos (PGD) basado en los principios de FAIR. Este artículo informa sobre la adherencia de los PGD a los principios FAIR, evaluando críticamente diez modelos europeos de PGD. Observamos que el nivel de FAIRness de la mayoría de los PGD analizados sigue siendo parcialmente insatisfactorio, ya que abordan las mejores prácticas de datos, ubicación, accesibilidad y, a veces, preservación, pero prestan poca atención a los metadatos y la interoperabilidad.
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Humanos , Metadados , Comunicação Acadêmica , Interoperabilidade da Informação em Saúde , Gerenciamento de Dados , Comentário , Política de Pesquisa em Saúde , Domínios Científicos , Análise de DadosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the French West Indies, more than 20 species of cetaceans have been observed over the last decades. The recognition of this hotspot of biodiversity of marine mammals, observed in the French Exclusive Economic Zone of the West Indies, motivated the French government to create in 2010 a marine protected area (MPA) dedicated to the conservation of marine mammals: the Agoa Sanctuary. Threats that cetacean populations face are multiple, but well-documented. Cetacean conservation can only be achieved if relevant and reliable data are available, starting by occurrence data. In the Guadeloupe Archipelago and in addition to some data collected by the Agoa Sanctuary, occurrence data are mainly available through the contribution of citizen science and of local stakeholders (i.e. non-profit organisations (NPO) and whale-watchers). However, no observation network has been coordinated and no standards exist for cetacean presence data collection and management. NEW INFORMATION: In recent years, several whale watchers and NPOs regularly collected cetacean observation data around the Guadeloupe Archipelago. Our objective was to gather datasets from three Guadeloupean whale watchers, two NPOs and the Agoa Sanctuary, that agreed to share their data. These heterogeneous data went through a careful process of curation and standardisation in order to create a new extended database, using a newly-designed metadata set. This aggregated dataset contains a total of 4,704 records of 21 species collected in the Guadeloupe Archipelago from 2000 to 2019. The database was called Kakila ("who is there?" in Guadeloupean Creole). The Kakila database was developed following the FAIR principles with the ultimate objective of ensuring sustainability. All these data were transferred into the PNDB repository (Pöle National de Données de Biodiversité, Biodiversity French Data Hub, https://www.pndb.fr).In the Agoa Sanctuary and surrounding waters, marine mammals have to interact with increasing anthropogenic pressure from growing human activities. In this context, the Kakila database fulfils the need for an organised system to structure marine mammal occurrences collected by multiple local stakeholders with a common objective: contribute to the knowledge and conservation of cetaceans living in the French Antilles waters. Much needed data analysis will enable us to identify high cetacean presence areas, to document the presence of rarer species and to determine areas of possible negative interactions with anthropogenic activities.
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Resumen: Introducción: En este trabajo se analiza la participación de los intermediarios en el mercado agrícola tradicional de frutas y hortalizas en fresco en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; sus resultados sirven de apoyo para explicar las relaciones entre intermediarios con productores, consumidores y otros intermediarios. Objetivo: es analizar el papel de los intermediarios y su poder de negociación; a fin de explorar las diferentes interacciones, condiciones del sistema y las ventajas y desventajas, se analiza las similitudes que presentan algunos intermediarios de plazas de mercado. Materiales y métodos: para ello se realizó entrevistas y un cuestionario estructurado a 26 intermediarios ubicados en 13 municipios de las 9 subregiones de Antioquia, adicionalmente se realizaron algunos cuestionarios a intermediarios de tiendas de barrio, consumidores y productores para contrastar diferentes puntos de vista; a la información obtenida se le realizó análisis de conglomerados, análisis multivariado, comparación de varias muestras y análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: arrojaron que los intermediarios eliminan fronteras de negociación definiendo criterios de comercio, tienen gran participación tanto en procedencia como en oferta y presentan similitudes entre una zona y otra que no precisamente corresponden a proximidades geográficas. Conclusión: En suma, frente a la alta participación de estos agentes en las cadenas de suministro de alimentos, son ellos quienes aprovechan las fallas y dinámicas del sistema para definir reglas de negociación cuando están en su rol de vendedores a otros intermediarios o cuando están en el rol de compradores a productores.
Abstract Introduction: This paper analyzes the participation of intermediaries in the traditional agricultural market for fresh fruits and vegetables in the department of Antioquia, Colombia; their results serve as support to explain the relationships between intermediaries with producers, consumers, and other intermediaries. Objective: is to analyze the role of intermediaries and their bargaining power; In order to explore the different interactions, system conditions and the advantages and disadvantages, the similarities that some marketplace intermediaries presents are analyzed. Materials and methods: For this purpose, interviews and a structured questionnaire were conducted with 26 intermediaries located in 13 municipalities of the 9 subregions. From Antioquia; additionally, some questionnaires were made to intermediaries of neighborhood stores, consumers and producers to contrast different points of view. The information obtained was subjected to a cluster analysis, multivariate analysis, comparison of several samples and an analysis of main components. Results: showed that intermediaries eliminate negotiation borders by defining trade criteria, they have a large participation both in origin and on offer and show similarities between area and area that do not precisely correspond to geographical proximity. Conclusion: In sum, given the high participation of these agents in the food supply chains, it is they who take advantage of the failures and dynamics of the system to define negotiation rules when they are in their role as sellers to other intermediaries or when they are in the role from buyers to producers.
Resumo Introdução: Este artigo analisa a participação dos intermediários no mercado agrícola tradicional de frutas e verduras frescas no departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia; seus resultados servem de suporte para explicar as relações entre intermediários com produtores, consumidores e outros intermediários. Objetivo: é analisar o papel dos intermediários e seu poder de barganha; A fim de explorar as diferentes interações, condições do sistema e as vantagens e desvantagens, são analisadas as semelhanças que alguns intermediários de mercado apresentam. Materiais e métodos: para o efeito, foram realizadas entrevistas e um questionário estruturado com 26 intermediários localizados em 13 municípios das 9 sub-regiões. de Antioquia, adicionalmente, alguns questionários foram feitos a intermediários de lojas de bairro, consumidores e produtores para contrastar diferentes pontos de vista. Resultados: Sobre as informações obtidas foram realizadas uma análise de conglomerado, uma análise multivariada, uma comparação de várias amostras e uma análise de componentes principais, e os resultados mostraram que os intermediários eliminam as fronteiras da negociação definindo critérios comerciais, eles têm uma grande participação tanto na origem como em oferta e mostram semelhanças entre uma área e outra que não correspondem exatamente à proximidade geográfica. Conclusão: Em suma, dada a alta participação desses agentes nas cadeias de abastecimento de alimentos, são eles que se aproveitam das falhas e da dinâmica do sistema para definir regras de negociação quando estão na função de vendedores para outros intermediários ou quando estão em o papel dos compradores aos produtores.
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Resumen: Elegir una carrera universitaria es una decisión compleja que impacta el desarrollo profesional, personal y el futuro de todo individuo. Como apoyo a este proceso, las universidades ayudan a estudiantes que están terminando la secundaria y que se encuentran en una transición hacia la educación superior, mediante la organización de ferias vocacionales; por lo anterior, el presente artículo narra la experiencia de divulgación de las carreras ofrecidas por la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información (EBCI) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) en el marco de la Feria Vocacional 2019, donde se explica cómo se diseñaron e implementaron las estrategias de divulgación a través de la creación de diferentes actividades experienciales sobre labores cotidianas de la persona profesional en Bibliotecología, la generación de material gráfico y audiovisual sobre la carrera y la confección de recursos para apoyar el discurso expuesto. Así mismo, se evalúan las estrategias y los recursos utilizados tanto con el personal colaborador como con la comunidad estudiantil que visitó el evento. Se concluye que las actividades experienciales son recibidas por los participantes con mayor anuencia y que les permite tener una visión más real de la carrera, además, se recomienda utilizar este tipo de recursos para futuras ferias vocacionales.
Abstract: Choosing a university career is a complex decision that impacts the professional, personal and future development of every individual. To support this process, universities offer grants to students who are finishing their secondary studies and who are in a transition to higher education, by organizing vocational fairs. This article narrates the experience of dissemination of the careers offered by the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica within the framework of the 2019 Vocational Fair. It explains how the dissemination strategies were designed and implemented by creating of different experiential activities on the daily tasks of the professional person in library science, the generation of graphic and audiovisual material on the career and the preparation of resources to support the exposed discourse. Likewise, the strategies and resources used are evaluated both with the collaborating staff and with the student community that visited the event. Finally, it is concluded that the experiential activities are received by the participants with greater consent and that it allows them to have a more real vision of the career, in addition, it is recommended to use this type of resources for future vocational fairs.
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Orientação Vocacional , Faculdades de Biblioteconomia/tendências , Costa Rica , Materiais Educativos e de Divulgação , Tecnologia da InformaçãoRESUMO
Resumen Este artículo presenta un mapeo sobre la implementación de la política lingüística de uso de lenguaje inclusivo de género en las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica que se encuentran en el Portal de Revistas. La información analizada se basó en una revisión documental de los sitios web de las publicaciones del Portal de Revistas de la universidad, las respuestas a un cuestionario en línea con una muestra por conglomerado que resulta representativa dentro de los títulos y, por último, en observaciones y comentarios de personas encargadas de procesos editoriales. Uno de los principales hallazgos refiere a que un 66 % de revistas no ha discutido en sus comités editoriales la política de lenguaje inclusivo de género de la Universidad, que data del año 2003, y el restante 34 % que sí lo ha hecho, se encuentra en distintos niveles de proximidad respecto a la implementación de dicha política lingüística. En la discusión se toman en cuenta distintas características de las revistas, el proceso editorial y el contexto para proponer mejoras en la implementación de esta política universitaria.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a mapping on the implementation of the language gender fair use of language in the academic journals of the University of Costa Rica that are part of Portal de Revistas (official website of the journals). The analyzed information is based on a documental review of the websites of each title in the research website, the answers to an online questionnaire with a cluster sampling that results representative for the total number of journals, and the observations and comments of the people in charge of the editorial processes. One of the main findings is that 66% of the editorial committee of the journals has not discussed the university policy of gender fair use of language (stablished in 2003) and the other 34%, that has discussed this subject, presents different levels of proximity to the execution of this language policy. In the discussion, we take into consideration the characteristics of the journals, the editorial process, and the context to purpose improves in the implementation of this university policy.
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Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/tendências , Universidades , Transversalidade de Gênero , Estudos de Gênero , Perspectiva de Gênero , Políticas Inclusivas de Gênero , Costa RicaRESUMO
Fair Play (FP) refere-se a atitudes moralmente boas na prática esportiva e reprova o racismo. No Brasil, o esporte começou a se desenvolver após o fim da escravidão, de modo que o racismo acompanha a sua história. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo mapear e analisar a produção acadêmica da Educação Física brasileira sobre a temática do FP e do racismo no esporte. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de teses e dissertações produzidas nos principais Programas de Pós-Graduação de Educação Física brasileiros. Levantaram-se 32 teses e 103 dissertações, das quais cinco teses e dez dissertações foram analisadas. Essa considerável redução ocorreu porque poucos trabalhos relacionam diretamente as duas temáticas. Entre os analisados, destacaram-se aqueles que tratam sobre o futebol, especialmente sobre violência entre torcidas. Houve também uma expressiva parcela de trabalhos que realçou a importância do FP e do combate ao racismo na Educação Física escolar.
Fair Play (FP) refers to morally good attitudes in sports and disapproves racism. In Brazil, sports started to develop after abolishing the slavery, so that racism accompanied sports history. The aim of this study was mapping and analyzing the academic production of Brazilian Physical Education about FP and racism in sports. For this purpose, literature review of dissertations and thesis were performed in main graduate programs of Brazilian Physical Education. 32 dissertations and 103 thesis were found. Of these, five dissertations and ten thesis were considered relevant and analyzed because few works directly relate FP and racism. Soccer was the most discussed topic, especially about fans violence. FP importance in scholar Physical Education to combat racism was also related in many of these dissertations and thesis.
Fair Play (FP) se refiere a actitudes moralmente buenas en la práctica deportiva y reprueba el racismo. En Brasil, el deporte comenzó a desarrollarse después del fin de la esclavitud, de modo que el racismo acompaña su historia. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo mapear y analizar la producción académica de la Educación Física brasileña sobre FP y racismo en el deporte. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de tesis y disertaciones producidas en los principales Programas de Postgrado de Educación Física brasileños. Se levantaron 32 tesis y 103 disertaciones, de las cuales cinco tesis y diez disertaciones fueron analizadas. Esta considerable reducción ocurrió porque pocos trabajos relacionan directamente las dos temáticas. Entre los analizados, se destacaron aquellos que abordan el fútbol, especialmente la violencia entre hinchas. También hubo una expresiva parte de trabajos que acentuó la importancia del FP y del combate al racismo en la Educación Física escolar.
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The animal welfare concept in the last years began to be implanted in the animal production scenario and in the environment where the workers are inserted. But, the animal breeders themselves know little about rational handling, the labor laws, and the positive effects that this practice can offer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physiological parameters and the welfare conditions of the animals and the workers, during an agricultural fair in the Brazilian semi-arid. Questionnaires were applied to visitors, caretakers, and farmers, in order to verify the perception level regarding the adoption of rational handling and, animal and workers welfare. Subsequently, the handling and thermal environment were evaluated. The following physiological variables were collected: rectal and body surface temperature and, respiratory rate during shipment and landing of the beef cattle belonging to the elite category at the fair. Questionnaires data showed that the theme welfare and rational handling is known among visitors, caretakers and farmers, and that the practice is less stressful to animals. The physiological variables were within the recommended standards, indicating the animal thermoregulation and animal adaptation to the shipment, transport and landing. However, the handling adopted by the workers is still result on cultural issues, lack of information and awareness about the benefits of rational handling.
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Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Agroindústria , Bem-Estar do Animal , Temperatura , Trabalhadores Rurais , Brasil , Legislação TrabalhistaRESUMO
The animal welfare concept in the last years began to be implanted in the animal production scenario and in the environment where the workers are inserted. But, the animal breeders themselves know little about rational handling, the labor laws, and the positive effects that this practice can offer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physiological parameters and the welfare conditions of the animals and the workers, during an agricultural fair in the Brazilian semi-arid. Questionnaires were applied to visitors, caretakers, and farmers, in order to verify the perception level regarding the adoption of rational handling and, animal and workers welfare. Subsequently, the handling and thermal environment were evaluated. The following physiological variables were collected: rectal and body surface temperature and, respiratory rate during shipment and landing of the beef cattle belonging to the elite category at the fair. Questionnaires data showed that the theme welfare and rational handling is known among visitors, caretakers and farmers, and that the practice is less stressful to animals. The physiological variables were within the recommended standards, indicating the animal thermoregulation and animal adaptation to the shipment, transport and landing. However, the handling adopted by the workers is still result on cultural issues, lack of information and awareness about the benefits of rational handling.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Agroindústria , Trabalhadores Rurais , Bem-Estar do Animal , Temperatura , Legislação Trabalhista , BrasilRESUMO
The purpose of this project was to design, implement, and assess a recurring interdisciplinary community health fair in an underserved border town. University of California San Diego (UCSD) medical and pharmacy students, under faculty supervision, worked alongside community partners in Calexico, California to implement a health fair two miles from the U.S.-Mexico border. Demographic and screening data were described from 293 participants from 2014 to 2016. Over 90% (269/293) listed Mexico as their country of birth, 82.9% (243/293) were monolingual Spanish speakers, 75.4% (221/293) had an annual household income of ≤ $20,000, and 58.7% (172/293) described their health as fair or poor. Screening revealed 91.1% (265/291) were overweight or obese, 37.8% (109/288) had hypertension, 9.3% (27/289) had elevated blood sugar, and 11.4% (33/289) had elevated total cholesterol levels. This model could be replicated in other training settings to increase exposure to border health issues and connect patients to local health services.
Assuntos
Exposições Educativas/organização & administração , Nível de Saúde , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Programas de Rastreamento/organização & administração , Americanos Mexicanos , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , California/epidemiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/etnologia , Idioma , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudantes de FarmáciaRESUMO
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar la forma en que ciertas condiciones sociales y mecanismos psicológicos refuerzan los roles tradicionalmente asignados a los diferentes géneros. Además, se propone exponer las ventajas que brinda el uso del lenguaje inclusivo en este respecto. Para ello, se desarrolla la teoría del sexismo ambivalente. Tanto el sexismo en su cualidad hostil como benevolente tiene efectos negativos en la disminución de la brecha de género, sin embargo, el sexismo benevolente tendría efectos más perniciosos en el corto plazo. En segundo lugar, se enuncian las implicaciones de los estereotipos como cogniciones sociales implícitas. La participación diferencial de los géneros en ciertos ámbitos lleva a formas de cognición social que dificultan que, por ejemplo, las mujeres sean consideradas en igualdad de condiciones que los varones para realizar grandes logros. Por último, se analiza al lenguaje inclusivo como posible herramienta para reducir la brecha de género
The aim of this work is to describe how certain social conditions and psychological mechanisms strengthen the attribution of traditional roles to individuals with different genders. Moreover, it intends to introduce some of the benefits that gender-fair language (GFL) brings to this matter. Firstly are developed the guidelines of the ambivalent sexism theory. Hostile and benevolent sexism have negative effects for the gender gap, however, benevolent sexism seems to be more damaging in the short term. Secondly are stated the implications of stereotypes as implicit social cognitions. The dissimilar participation of the different genders in most domains leads to forms of social cognition that make it difficult, for example, for women to be acknowledged as great goal achievers on equal terms as men. Finally, GFL is analyzed as a possible tool to reduce the gender gap
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sexismo , Papel de Gênero , Psicologia , Equidade de Gênero , HostilidadeRESUMO
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp, none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), and Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.(AU)
Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovise outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp, mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum(1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Queijo/virologia , Mycobacterium , Saneamento de MercadosRESUMO
Objetivou-se nesse trabalho caracterizar o perfil dos integrantes da feira livre da cidade de Rio Pomba, MG, bem como, determinar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica dos alimentos comercializados. Foram aplicados questionários aos feirantes contendo questões referentes à origem das matérias-primas, da água, modo de processamento, dentre outras. Amostras indicativas dos alimentos foram coletadas, acondicionadas a 4,0 °C e encaminhadas para realização de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Constatou-se falta de padronização durante o processamento da maioria dos produtos lácteos. Além disso, 57,1% das amostras desses alimentos estavam em desacordo com o preconizado pela RDC nº 12 da ANVISA. Entretanto, em relação à qualidade microbiológica, as amostras dos demais alimentos avaliados estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente. Portanto, há necessidade de treinamento e capacitação dos feirantes quanto às boas práticas de fabricação, bem como quanto às tecnologias empregadas a fim de garantir a produção de alimentos seguros e que atendam aos requisitos de qualidade estabelecidos na legislação.
The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of the members of the free market in the city of Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil, as well as to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of foods commercialized. Questionnaires containing questions regarding the origin of raw materiais, water, processing methods, among others, were applied to fairs. Indicative samples of foods were collected, conditioned at 4.0 °C and sent to perform physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes. There was a lack of standardization during processing of most dairy products. In addition, 57.1% of these foods samples were in disagreement with the standard recommended by the RDC n° 12 of ANVISA. However, in relation to the microbiological quality, samples of other foods evaluated were in agreement with the current legislation. Therefore, there is a need for training of fairs on good manufacturing practices, as well as on the technologies used to ensure the production of safe foods, which meet the quality requirements established in the legislation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos de Rua , Fenômenos Químicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objetivou-se nesse trabalho caracterizar o perfil dos integrantes da feira livre da cidade de Rio Pomba, MG, bem como, determinar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica dos alimentos comercializados. Foram aplicados questionários aos feirantes contendo questões referentes à origem das matérias-primas, da água, modo de processamento, dentre outras. Amostras indicativas dos alimentos foram coletadas, acondicionadas a 4,0 °C e encaminhadas para realização de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Constatou-se falta de padronização durante o processamento da maioria dos produtos lácteos. Além disso, 57,1% das amostras desses alimentos estavam em desacordo com o preconizado pela RDC nº 12 da ANVISA. Entretanto, em relação à qualidade microbiológica, as amostras dos demais alimentos avaliados estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente. Portanto, há necessidade de treinamento e capacitação dos feirantes quanto às boas práticas de fabricação, bem como quanto às tecnologias empregadas a fim de garantir a produção de alimentos seguros e que atendam aos requisitos de qualidade estabelecidos na legislação.(AU)
The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of the members of the free market in the city of Rio Pomba, MG, Brazil, as well as to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of foods commercialized. Questionnaires containing questions regarding the origin of raw materiais, water, processing methods, among others, were applied to fairs. Indicative samples of foods were collected, conditioned at 4.0 °C and sent to perform physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes. There was a lack of standardization during processing of most dairy products. In addition, 57.1% of these foods samples were in disagreement with the standard recommended by the RDC n° 12 of ANVISA. However, in relation to the microbiological quality, samples of other foods evaluated were in agreement with the current legislation. Therefore, there is a need for training of fairs on good manufacturing practices, as well as on the technologies used to ensure the production of safe foods, which meet the quality requirements established in the legislation.(AU)