RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pyelonephritis is one of the most serious bacterial illnesses during childhood. Gram-negative organisms account for up to 90% of the cases. Gram-positive bacteria are uncommon causes of urinary tract infections, and only a few cases caused by Facklamia hominis have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A five-year-old girl with tracheostomy and gastrostomy and past medical history of congenital lymphangioma presented with a two-week history of with intermittent fever, frequent urination, and vesical tenesmus. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made. Urine culture reported colonies with alpha-hemolysis in blood agar at 48-h of incubation and Facklamia hominis was identified by MALDI-TOF. The patient was successfully treated with gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of pyelonephritis by Facklamia hominis in a child, and the second involving infection in a pediatric patient. Although this pathogen is uncommon, current treatment of F. hominis is a challenge for physicians. This case illustrates the requirement to standardize identification and treatment of care to avoid treatment failure and antimicrobial resistance.