RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To report the gross and histopathological postmortem findings of the urinary tract and compare them to clinical severity of disease in cats with urethral obstruction (UO). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, descriptive study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Fourteen cats from 2000 to 2014 with UO that had a complete postmortem examination. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bladder lesions were moderate-severe in 10 of 14 (71%) and mild in 4 of 14 (29%) cats. Bladder lesions were diffuse in 8 of 14 (57%), multifocal in 3 of 14 (21%), and focal in 3 of 14 (21%) cats. Lymphocytic cystitis was noted in 11 of 14 cats (78%), and neutrophilic cystitis was noted in 10 of 14 (71%) bladders. Urethral lesions were moderate-severe in 4 of 14 (29%), mild in 4 of 14 (29%), and no urethral lesions were identified in 6 of 14 (43%) cats. Ureteral lesions were mild in 1 of 14 (7%), and no ureteral lesions were identified in 13 of 14 (93%) cats. There were moderate-severe histopathological renal lesions in 5 of 14 cats (36%), mild renal lesions in 6 of 14 (43%), and no renal lesions were identified in 3 of 14 cats (21%). Renal lesions were multifocal in 10 of 14 (71%) and regional in 1 of 14 cats (7%). In the kidneys, the most common inflammatory infiltrate was lymphoplasmacytic. The severity of urethral lesions was not associated with the severity of bladder lesions (P = 1.0). Hyperkalemia paralleled the severity of bladder (P = 0.02) and renal lesions (P = 0.04). An association between the severity of bladder lesions and degree of azotemia could not be determined due to small sample size and removal of the most azotemic cats. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial renal and urinary bladder inflammatory lesions were found in cats with UO. The severity of these findings paralleled the severity of blood potassium concentrations.

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RESUMO

A obstrução uretral é uma condição urológica considerada comum e potencialmente fatal na doença do trato urinário inferior (DTUIF). Os principais sinais clínicos da obstrução uretral são: polaquiúria, disúria, hematúria, periúria, insucesso na micção, angústia, anorexia, hipotermia, ausência de libido ou ereção e durante o exame clínico observa-se a vesícula urinária repleta e firme, condições que conduzem à necessidade de intervenção imediata. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e comparar alterações clínicas e hematológicas de gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutiva e gatos saudáveis. No estudo, foram admitidos 30 gatos e distribuídos em dois grupos: o grupo controle composto por animais sem afecções clínicas notáveis e o grupo obstruído com animais diagnosticados clinicamente com quadro de obstrução urinária. Foi realizada anamnese detalhada dos animais, histórico, realização de exame físico geral com ênfase no trato urinário, ultrassonografia e exame hematológico completo. As principais alterações clínicas dos animais obstruídos foram desidratação, mucosas hipocoradas e hipotermia. O hemograma dos animais obstruídos revelou diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as médias encontradas quando comparados com o grupo controle para contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina e volume globular, tendo o grupo obstruído apresentado valores inferiores ao controle. Pode-se concluir que os exames hematológicos podem identificar alterações importantes do quadro inflamatório geral em animais obstruídos, apresentando neutrofilia, linfopenia e monocitose. Além disso, observou-se que o monitoramento longitudinal possibilita acompanhar a progressão da enfermidade e o risco de anemia bem como a melhora do quadro clínico.(AU)

Urethral obstruction is a urological condition considered to be common and potentially fatal in lower urinary tract disease (DTUIF). The main clinical signs of urethral obstruction are: pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, periuria, urination failure, anguish, anorexia, hypothermia, absence of libido or erection and during the clinical examination a full and firm urinary vesicle is observed, conditions that lead to the need for immediate intervention. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe and compare clinical and hematological changes in cats with obstructive lower urinary tract disease and healthy cats. In the study, 30 cats were admitted and distributed in two groups: the control group composed of animals without clinical diseases and the obstructed group with animals clinically diagnosed with urinary obstruction. Detailed anamnesis of the animals, history, general physical examination with emphasis on urinary examination, ultrasound and complete hematological examination were performed. The main clinical changes in the obstructed animals were dehydration, bleached mucous membranes and hypothermia. The blood count of the obstructed animals showed a significant difference (p <0.05) to the average found when compared to the control group for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and globular volume, and the obstructed group presented values lower than the control. It can be concluded that hematological tests can identify important changes in the general inflammatory condition in obstructed animals, presenting neutrophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. In addition, longitudinal monitoring allows the progress of the disease and the risk of anemia to be monitored, as well as improvements in the clinical condition.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A obstrução uretral é uma condição urológica considerada comum e potencialmente fatal na doença do trato urinário inferior (DTUIF). Os principais sinais clínicos da obstrução uretral são: polaquiúria, disúria, hematúria, periúria, insucesso na micção, angústia, anorexia, hipotermia, ausência de libido ou ereção e durante o exame clínico observa-se a vesícula urinária repleta e firme, condições que conduzem à necessidade de intervenção imediata. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e comparar alterações clínicas e hematológicas de gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutiva e gatos saudáveis. No estudo, foram admitidos 30 gatos e distribuídos em dois grupos: o grupo controle composto por animais sem afecções clínicas notáveis e o grupo obstruído com animais diagnosticados clinicamente com quadro de obstrução urinária. Foi realizada anamnese detalhada dos animais, histórico, realização de exame físico geral com ênfase no trato urinário, ultrassonografia e exame hematológico completo. As principais alterações clínicas dos animais obstruídos foram desidratação, mucosas hipocoradas e hipotermia. O hemograma dos animais obstruídos revelou diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as médias encontradas quando comparados com o grupo controle para contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina e volume globular, tendo o grupo obstruído apresentado valores inferiores ao controle. Pode-se concluir que os exames hematológicos podem identificar alterações importantes do quadro inflamatório geral em animais obstruídos, apresentando neutrofilia, linfopenia e monocitose. Além disso, observou-se que o monitoramento longitudinal possibilita acompanhar a progressão da enfermidade e o risco de anemia bem como a melhora do quadro clínico.

Urethral obstruction is a urological condition considered to be common and potentially fatal in lower urinary tract disease (DTUIF). The main clinical signs of urethral obstruction are: pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, periuria, urination failure, anguish, anorexia, hypothermia, absence of libido or erection and during the clinical examination a full and firm urinary vesicle is observed, conditions that lead to the need for immediate intervention. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe and compare clinical and hematological changes in cats with obstructive lower urinary tract disease and healthy cats. In the study, 30 cats were admitted and distributed in two groups: the control group composed of animals without clinical diseases and the obstructed group with animals clinically diagnosed with urinary obstruction. Detailed anamnesis of the animals, history, general physical examination with emphasis on urinary examination, ultrasound and complete hematological examination were performed. The main clinical changes in the obstructed animals were dehydration, bleached mucous membranes and hypothermia. The blood count of the obstructed animals showed a significant difference (p <0.05) to the average found when compared to the control group for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and globular volume, and the obstructed group presented values lower than the control. It can be concluded that hematological tests can identify important changes in the general inflammatory condition in obstructed animals, presenting neutrophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. In addition, longitudinal monitoring allows the progress of the disease and the risk of anemia to be monitored, as well as improvements in the clinical condition.

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RESUMO

Essential oils (EOs), as substitutes for antibiotics in animal diets, should have selective antibacterial activity between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria from the animal gut. Thus, this study evaluated the selective antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) and Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (PP) EOs on Enterococcus faecalis as a surrogate model of pathogenic bacterium and on Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a beneficial bacterium model. The EOs antibacterial activity was evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBCs), and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. The time-kill and sequential exposure assays were also performed, but using only the EG oil, which was the best selective EO, since it had a MIC lower on E. faecalis (7.4 mg/mL) than on L. rhamnosus (14.8 mg/mL). FIC index values showed that the combination of the two EOs had an indifferent effect (1.25 and 2.03) on E. faecalis and an additive effect (1.00) on L. rhamnosus. The time-kill assay showed that EG oil was able to kill E. faecalis within 15 min of treatment (∼5 log reduction) and caused a reduction ∼3 log of L. rhamnosus viability. The sequential exposure assay showed that EG oil (at MIC/2) produced higher reduction on E. faecalis viability (∼3 log) than on L. rhamnosus (∼2 log) as well. Therefore, L. rhamnosus presented higher tolerance to the antibacterial activity of EG oil than E. faecalis did.

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