RESUMO
La preservación de la triada salud, bienestar y desarrollo del potencial del individuo descansa sobre una adecuada alimentación. Esta revisión pretende abordar algunos elementos a considerar ante una inminente actualización de las guías alimentarias hacia la sostenibilidad. La transformación de los sistemas alimentarios es una prioridad, dada la relación entre estos y la mejora de la salud poblacional y no solo de la salud ambiental. Un consumo responsable con dietas de calidad beneficia a la sociedad local e internacional, la ecología y la economía y las guías alimentarias siguen siendo la herramienta para llevar a la práctica las diferentes recomendaciones en materia alimentaria, alineadas con los principios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el desarrollo sostenible. La comparación entre las guías alimentarias existentes mostró algunos elementos útiles para su actualización con enfoque sostenible, siendo ellos: el contexto, el propósito, la necesidad de armonización, el significado de la sostenibilidad, la inclusión y el impacto sobre el ambiente-salud-producción. La actualización de las guías alimentarias es útil y necesaria para brindar estrategias y respuestas oportunas ante una población cada vez más responsable de su autocuidado y de su papel de cara a la preservación del medio ambiente para las futuras generaciones. Desafíos tan importantes como el incremento en el consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal, la preferencia por pescado o ave frente a la de carnes rojas y la reducción de las pérdidas y el desperdicio de alimentos y el equilibrio entre beneficios nutricionales y ambientales siguen siendo los principales hitos en la actualización de guías alimentarias basadas en la sostenibilidad(AU)
The preservation of the triad of health, well-being and development of the individual's potential rests on adequate nutrition. This review aims to address some elements to consider in the face of an imminent update of dietary guidelines towards sustainability. The transformation of food systems is a priority, given the relationship between these and the improvement of population health and not only environmental health. Responsible consumption with quality diets benefits local and international society, ecology and the economy, and dietary guidelines continue to be the tool to put into practice the different recommendations on food matters aligned with the principles of the World Health Organization and sustainable development. The comparison between existing dietary guidelines showed some useful elements for their update with a sustainable approach, these being: the context, the purpose, the need for harmonization, the meaning of sustainability, inclusion and the impact on the environment-health-production. The update of dietary guidelines is useful and necessary to provide timely strategies and responses to a population that is increasingly responsible for its self-care and its role in preserving the environment for future generations. Challenges as important as the increase in the consumption of plant-based foods, the preference for fish or poultry over red meat, the reduction of food losses and waste, and the balance between nutritional and environmental benefits remain the main milestones in the updating of food guidelines based on sustainability(AU)
Assuntos
Guias Alimentares , Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável , DesnutriçãoRESUMO
"Canned, frozen, processed, ultra-processed, functional" etc. Two hundred years after the beginning of the food industry, industrialized food has evolved with many labels. Every person in the world eats and has different experiences with food that are connected to culture and social relationships which permeate our daily lives in many kinds of situations. Food evokes feelings, beliefs, desires, and moral values. For many people, food not only satisfies hunger and sustains life, but it also brings a delicious pleasure that is with their history, culture, and ancestry. Today's food industry pushes products through its marketing, which promotes a plethora of claims that have now trended proportionally with neophobic dimensions. In reality, the general public lacks objective knowledge about the complex science of modern food technology because of its low transparency, and this has resulted in the appearance of misleading ideas that can prejudice the correct analysis of food values. Given this, education about food is an urgent need. Notably, food scientists, technologists, and engineers must look at eaters through the prism of consumers who are human beings in all their rich social/anthropological diversity. The objective of this article is to explore the elemental anthropologic aspects of foods and how they can affect consumer's trust in the food industry's role.
RESUMO
The Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) are educational tools that help people to select appropriate foods for good nutrition and health. Most countries have FBDG's, but its dissemination and implementation have shown weaknesses. This paper presents the development process and validation of the 2012 FBDG for the Chilean population. The latest scientific evidence was reviewed and new messages were validated with METAPLAN, a qualitative-quantitative method for problem analysis applied to information gathered with 48 focus groups from Arica, Santiago and Chillán-Concepción. The messages promote consumption of healthy foods, focusing on critical nutrients (sugar, saturated fats, sodium) and energy intake reduction. Final version of the messages considered comments and suggestions from participants and from two expert panels. Its implementation should include promotion strategies that involve the Ministry of Health, Education, Agriculture, universities, industry and mass media, in order to achieve changes in feeding behavior in the most vulnerable segments of the Chilean population.
Las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA), son instrumentos educativos que ayudan a la población a seleccionar alimentos apropiados para una buena nutrición y salud. La mayoría de los países tienen GABA, pero su difusión e implementación presentan grandes debilidades. Se presenta el proceso para la formulación y validación de las GABA 2012 para la población chilena. Se revisó la evidencia científica reciente y se validaron los mensajes con el Metaplán, método para el análisis de problemas, con 48 grupos focales en Arica, Santiago y Chillán-Concepción. Los mensajes promueven el consumo de alimentos saludables, un menor consumo de energía y de nutrientes críticos. En los mensajes definitivos se incorporó los comentarios y sugerencias de los participantes y de 2 paneles de expertos. Su implementación debería incorporar estrategias de promoción de los Ministerios de Salud, Educación, Agricultura, universidades, la industria y los medios masivos, para lograr cambios en el comportamiento alimentario de los segmentos más vulnerables de la población chilena.