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This macro-level scientometrics study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences in the scientific communication patterns of the Brazilian postgraduate programs (BPPs) belonging to the Biological Sciences II field (BS2), as defined by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Also, it was identified the most researched diseases and it was discussed their relationship with the needs of Brazilian public health considering the burden of disease (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brazil) estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the scientific production of the BS2's sub-areas Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology was evaluated from 2013 to 2016, through considering the citation impact, Impact Factor (Journal Citation Reports), and scientific collaboration. Data collected included formal information provided to CAPES by all BPPs through the Plataforma Sucupira as well as metadata from Web of Science documents. In addition, were employed the standardized Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) for the analysis of researched diseases. We concluded that the patterns of scientific communication in Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Morphology were predominantly different. Thus, there is a need to consider specificities among the five sub-areas in the evaluation process performed by CAPES. Different approaches are revealed by identifying the most frequently researched diseases and explaining the contributions of each sub-area for Brazilian public health.

Este estudo cientométrico de nível macro teve como objetivo analisar as semelhanças e as diferenças nos padrões de comunicação científica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros (PPGs) da área de Ciências Biológicas II, avaliados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Além disso, foram identificadas as doenças mais pesquisadas e foi discutido sua relação com as necessidades de saúde pública brasileira, considerando a carga de doenças (Disability-Adjusted Life Year - DALY, Brasil) estimada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Assim, a produção científica das subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia da área de Ciências Biológicas II foi avaliada de 2013 a 2016, considerando o impacto de citações, o Fator de Impacto (Journal Citation Reports) e a colaboração científica. Os dados coletados incluíram informações declaradas à CAPES por todos os PPGs por meio da Plataforma Sucupira, bem como metadados de documentos da Web of Science. Além disso, foram utilizados os cabeçalhos de Medical Subject Headings (PubMed) para a análise das doenças pesquisadas. Concluímos que os padrões de comunicação científica entre as subáreas Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Morfologia foram predominantemente diferentes. Assim, é necessário considerar as especificidades entre as cinco subáreas no processo de avaliação realizado pela CAPES. Diferentes abordagens são reveladas a partir da identificação das doenças mais pesquisadas e da explicação das contribuições de cada subárea para a saúde pública brasileira.

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RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo parte de la necesidad de desarrollar el modo de actuación profesional de los estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Estomatología, tomando como base el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y actitudinal que tienen lugar en las actividades de intervención comunitaria de la asignatura Promoción de Salud. Para abordar la problemática se plantea en este trabajo profundizar en los aportes teóricos sobre las competencias del profesional de la salud que se deben formar en el primer año de la carrera y su tratamiento desde el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura. Con el fin de diagnosticar el estado inicial del sistema de evaluación orientado hacia el modo de actuación profesional de la asignatura Promoción de Salud en la carrera de Estomatología, se seleccionó como muestra a 22 estudiantes del primer año y 3 profesores que imparten la misma. Los resultados obtenidos se evidenciaron a partir de la aplicación de instrumentos como la guía de observación, la entrevista y las encuestas a profesores y estudiantes y además en el análisis de las dimensiones e indicadores propuestos. En el diagnóstico inicial predominaron la mayoría de los alumnos obtuvieron la categoría de inadecuado en los indicadores: Representación cognitiva profesional, Aprehensión de los valores éticos y Actitudes profesionales, así como en la Valoración reflexiva de su actuación profesional.

ABSTRACT The following work is based on the need to develop the mode of professional performance of the students of the first year of the Stomatology career, taking as a basis the cognitive, communicative and attitudinal approach that take place in the community intervention activities of the subject Promotion of Health. In order to address the problem, it is proposed in this work to deepen the theoretical contributions on the competences of the health professional that must be trained in the first year of the career and its treatment from the teaching-learning process of the subject. In order to diagnose the initial state of the evaluation system oriented towards the professional performance mode of the Health Promotion subject in the Stomatology career, 22 first-year students and 3 teachers who teach it were selected as a sample. The results obtained were evidenced from the application of instruments such as the observation guide, the interview and the surveys of teachers and students, and also in the analysis of the proposed dimensions and indicators. In the initial diagnosis, most of the students prevailed, obtaining the category of inadequate in the indicators: professional cognitive representation, apprehension of ethical values and professional attitudes, as well as in the reflective assessment of their professional performance.

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Introducción: El proceso de evaluación en las especialidades médicas tiene su base en la valoración del desempeño para lograr una formación en respuesta al encargo social, lo que requiere de la preparación de los profesores para desarrollar las capacidades que les permitan llevar a cabo un proceso con este enfoque. Objetivo: Proponer un modelo pedagógico para el mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación del residente de Ginecología y Obstetricia en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Finlay-Albarrán, en correspondencia con las exigencias sociales y del Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, y otros como la parametrización y la triangulación metodológica. La participación de profesores, directivos y residentes del departamento docente de Ginecología y Obstetricia representó el 74,1 por ciento del universo estudiado. Resultados: Se propone un modelo pedagógico que se estructura en dos niveles: conceptual y metodológico. El conceptual comprende los fundamentos teóricos, las ideas científicas, las dimensiones y la finalidad. El metodológico se concreta en su dinámica de aplicación y se organiza en cuatro etapas con objetivos y acciones definidas. Los fundamentos, relacionados entre sí, posibilitaron la organización de las acciones dirigidas para su estructuración. La triangulación metodológica de los resultados de su evaluación valoró positivamente la viabilidad teórica del modelo pedagógico que se presenta. Conclusiones: La modelación como método científico permitió la elaboración de un modelo pedagógico para el mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación del residente de Ginecología y Obstetricia en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Finlay-Albarrán. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron declarar su validez teórica(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation process in medical specialties is based on performance evaluation to achieve training in response to the social order, which requires the preparation of teachers to develop the capacities which allow them to carry out a process by this approach. Objective: To propose a pedagogical model for the improvement of the evaluation system of gynecology and obstetrics residents at Finlay-Albarrán Medical Sciences Faculty, in correspondence with the social demands and the Cuban National Health System. Methods: Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, as well as parameterization and methodological triangulation. The participation of professors, directors and residents of gynecology and obstetrics teaching department represented 74.1 percent of the studied universe. Results: A two-level structured pedagogical model is proposed: conceptual and methodological levels. The conceptual level comprises the theoretical foundations, scientific ideas, dimensions and purpose. The methodological level is itemized in application dynamics and it is organized in four stages with defined objectives and actions. The interrelated foundations made possible the organization of actions engaged for structuring. The methodological triangulation of the results of its evaluation positively valued the theoretical viability of the pedagogical model that is presented. Conclusions: Modeling as a scientific method allowed elaborating a pedagogical model for improving the evaluation system of the gynecology and obstetrics resident at Finlay-Albarrán Medical Sciences Faculty. The results obtained allowed to declare its theoretical validity(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Several posture evaluation devices have been used to detect deviations of the vertebral column. However it has been observed that the instruments present measurement errors related to the equipment, environment or measurement protocol. This study aimed to build, validate, analyze the reliability and describe a measurement protocol for the use of the Posture Evaluation Rotating Platform System (SPGAP, Brazilian abbreviation). METHODS: The posture evaluation system comprises a Posture Evaluation Rotating Platform, video camera, calibration support and measurement software. Two pilot studies were carried out with 102 elderly individuals (average age 69 years old, SD = ±7.3) to establish a protocol for SPGAP, controlling the measurement errors related to the environment, equipment and the person under evaluation. Content validation was completed with input from judges with expertise in posture measurement. The variation coefficient method was used to validate the measurement by the instrument of an object with known dimensions. Finally, reliability was established using repeated measurements of the known object. RESULTS: Expert content judges gave the system excellent ratings for content validity (mean 9.4 out of 10; SD 1.13). The measurement of an object with known dimensions indicated excellent validity (all measurement errors <1 %) and test-retest reliability. A total of 26 images were needed to stabilize the system. Participants in the pilot studies indicated that they felt comfortable throughout the assessment. The use of only one image can offer measurements that underestimate or overestimate the reality. To verify the images of objects with known dimensions the values for the width and height were, respectively, CV 0.88 (width) and 2.33 (height), SD 0.22 (width) and 0.35 (height), minimum and maximum values 24.83-25.2 (width) and 14.56 - 15.75 (height). In the analysis of different images (similar) of an individual, greater discrepancies were observed in the values found. The cervical index, for example, presented minimum and maximum values of 15.38 and 37.5, a coefficient of variation of 0.29 and a standard deviation of 6.78. CONCLUSIONS: The SPGAP was shown to be a valid and reliable instrument for the quantitative analysis of body posture with applicability and clinical use, since it managed to reduce several measurement errors, amongst which parallax distortion.

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Introducción: en el proceso de formación del médico general integral, el sistema de evaluación debe brindar al proceso formativo un instrumento para evaluar la adquisición de las diferentes habilidades por los recursos humanos en formación, de forma sistemática e uniforme. Objetivo: realizar una propuesta de perfeccionamiento de la tarjeta de evaluación de residentes de Medicina General Integral en el municipio Boyeros que permita la evaluación integral de la adquisición de habilidades por el residente, que favorezca el alcance de los objetivos declarados en el programa de esta especialidad. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en el campo de la Educación Médica Superior, se analizaron a través de los métodos teóricos de análisis y síntesis e histórico-lógico, los documentos que se utilizan actualmente para la evaluación de estos residentes. Se elaboró una tarjeta de evaluación de habilidades específicas para los residentes de MGI. Resultados: permitieron comprobar la necesidad del perfeccionamiento del instrumento identificando las deficiencias de la actual tarjeta de evaluación del residente y elaboración de un instrumento que permita mejorarla. Conclusiones: el sistema de evaluación de residentes de Medicina General Integral no ofrece las orientaciones necesarias para establecer las relaciones entre los conocimientos, las habilidades y valores de cada competencia profesional que se va a desarrollar en esta formación y evaluar estas. Se propone un instrumento que permite a los docentes de esta formación evaluar la adquisición de habilidades específicas por parte de los residentes según los objetivos declarados en el plan de estudios de esta especialidade.

Introduction: in the general integral physician formation the evaluation system should provide the formative process with an instrument for evaluating the acquisition of different abilities by the human resources in a systematic and uniform way. Objectives: to submit a proposal for improvement of the evaluation card of general integral medicine residents in Boyeros municipality that will allow evaluating in a comprehensive way the skills acquired by the resident and favoring the scope of the objectives stated in the curriculum of this specialty. Methods: a technological development research study was conducted in the field of higher medical education, which analyzed the documents currently used for the evaluation of residents through the theoretical methods involving analysis and synthesis, and historical-logical one. There was created an evaluation card of specific skills in general integral medicine residents. Results: it was possible to confirm the need of improving this instrument by detecting the deficiencies of the current card and of working out a new instrument that may upgrade it. Conclusions: the evaluation system of the general integral medicine residents does not offer the necessary guidelines to set the association among the knowledge, the skills and the values of each professional competence to be developed in this formation process and to evaluate them. It is then suggested to apply an instrument that allows professors of this specialty to evaluate the acquisition of specific skills by the residents according the objectives set in the curriculum of this specialty.

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This study sought to implement outcomes monitoring and to review outcome data from a community-based rehabilitation program for maltreated children and adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil. Maltreated children and adolescents (N=452) were enrolled in The Equilibrium Program (TEP), a multidisciplinary community-based rehabilitation program. About half (n=230) of the participants were successfully evaluated using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) at entry, 3, and/or 6 months later. Analysis of outcomes used hierarchical linear modeling of functional change from baseline. With a baseline C-GAS score of 51.7 (SD=14.22), average improvement was 2.8 and 5.5 points at 3 and 6 months, respectively (reflecting small to moderate effect sizes=0.20 and 0.39). Improvement was associated with Problems related to upbringing (p<.02) at entry and absence of Physical abuse (p<.05) and Negative life events in childhood (p<.05) but was not associated with sociodemographics or any specific psychiatric diagnosis. This study showed that outcomes monitoring is feasible in a community-based program in a developing country. Although there was no untreated control group for comparison and specific evidence-based treatments were not used, it is notable that significant improvement, with small to moderate effect size, was observed.

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A temática deste trabalho apresenta questões sobre a prática da avaliação de desempenho funcional em uma organização pública de saúde. Este eixo de análise ganha destaque a partir das dificuldades de desenvolvimento de sistemas de avaliação com alianças entre políticas de concessão de incentivos financeiros, em um contexto cultural peculiar. Nesse sentido, é necessário admitir os limites dessa ferramenta gerencial. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado de perguntas aplicado aos servidores de um hospital geral público do Estado do Ceará. Obteve-se a caracterização do sistema de avaliação de desempenho utilizado pela instituição, podendo-se verificar sua adequação aos modelos propostos na literatura e a pertinência de seus propósitos com as percepções e expectativas dos servidores pesquisados.

The thematic of this work presents questions on the practice of the Evaluation of functional performance in an organization of public health. This axle of analysis gains importance from the difficulties of developing evaluation systems with alliances between policies of concession of financial incentives, in a specific cultural context. In this direction, it is necessary to admit the limits of this management tool. From a qualitative research, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the staff (public servers) of a public general hospital of Ceará State. It was observed the characterization of the performance evaluation system used in the institution, being able to verify its adequacy to the models proposed in the literature and the relevancy of its intentions with the perceptions and expectations of the searched servers.

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Evaluation of specific competencies is an objective which has been long sought by those responsible for the formation and education of professionals in the area of health; finding an adequate system is a challenge which the Career of Obstetrics has accepted in the context of the new pedagogical model implemented by the University of Antofagasta. In this report we investigated the evaluation system which the Career of Obstetrics and Child Care uses, as a function of the perception of the participants in the entire educational and working process of these professionals. The information was obtained by an intentional, non-probabilistic sample of cases which included students, graduated professionals, university authorities of the Department of Obstetrics and Child Care of the University of Antofagasta, academics of the Department of Obstetrics and midwives who supervise the clinical practice in the Regional Hospital of Antofagasta. We conclude that in the system of competence evaluation there is a lack of coordination among evaluators, subjectivity, excessive and prejudicial requirement in the percentage to obtain a passing grade. All the groups surveyed agreed on these factors, and suggested methods for improvement.

Evaluar competencias específicas es un objetivo largamente perseguido por los responsables de la formación y educación de profesionales del área de la salud, por lo que encontrar un sistema adecuado para ello es el desafío que la Carrera de Obstetricia asume en el contexto del nuevo modelo pedagógico implementado por la Universidad de Antofagasta. En este trabajo se investiga el sistema de evaluación que posee la Carrera de Obstetricia y Puericultura en función de las percepciones de los diferentes actores que intervienen en todo el proceso educativo y laboral de estos profesionales. La información se obtuvo mediante el diseño de una muestra no probabilística, intencionada de casos, que incluyó estudiantes, profesionales egresados, autoridades universitarias del Departamento y de la Carrera de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Antofagasta, académicos de la planta regular del Departamento de Obstetricia, y matronas supervisoras de prácticas clínicas del Hospital Regional de Antofagasta. Se concluye que en el sistema evaluativo de competencias, existe falta de coordinaci6n entre los evaluadores, subjetividad, excesiva y perjudicial exigencia en el porcentaje para obtener nota de aprobación, en lo cual coinciden los distintos grupos encuestados, aportando con sugerencias de mejoras.

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