RESUMO

Promoting the diversity of biological communities in areas of agricultural production is a very current debate since protected areas may not be sufficient to ensure biodiversity conservation. Among the biological communities affected by the production areas are birds, which show rapid responses to changes in the landscape. Here we seek to understand how landscape planning, concerning its composition and configuration, in areas with a matrix of planted Eucalyptus spp. forests influences the functional diversity of bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show that the spatial distribution design of planted forests in terms of age, land cover and clone types have effects on bird diversity with regard to functional divergence, functional evenness and species richness. These results reinforce the importance of good management for the maintenance of bird diversity. We found that bird functional diversity in planted forest matrices increased with the proximity index, proportion of native vegetation and age importance value, and is negatively influenced by edge density and proportion of forest plantation. For bird conservation, it is thus better to associate Eucalyptus spp. with other cover types in the landscape. These results corroborate that, to increase bird functional diversity, it is possible to associate conservation and production in the same landscape. Mosaic landscapes have great potential to contribute to the conservation of bird biodiversity outside protected areas. However, decisions regarding the management of planted forests and planning of improved areas intended for conservation seem to be decisive to ensure the maintenance of bird biodiversity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endophytic colonization via leaf and root inoculation of five Trichoderma species in a Eucalyptus hybrid, as well as the effects of inoculation on plant growth. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme. Plant growth was evaluated during the experimental period at three different times: 20 days after inoculation (d.a.i), 40 d.a.i., and 60 d.a.i. A statistical difference was observed between the inoculation methods during each period and between the Trichoderma species. Plants inoculated with T. asperellum showed the greatest growth among the treatments. Root-inoculated plants produced the greatest growth response. This showed that the presence of Trichoderma in the roots assisted in nutrient assimilation, promoted greater plant growth, when compared with leaf-inoculated plants. Evaluation of the effectiveness of endophytic colonization was performed at each sampling period by collecting leaf samples, and at 60 d.a.i., by collecting leaf, stem, and root samples. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum were isolated from leaves at 20 d.a.i., with an increase in the number of colonized plants throughout the evaluation of leaf-inoculated plants. In root-inoculated plants, treatment with T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum presented the highest endophytic colonization in the stem and root samples (at 60 d.a.i.).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was imported to Brazil in 2012, to manage the exotic pest Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), which has been damaging eucalyptus plantations. Knowledge of the thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae is important to improve mass rearing methods for this parasitoid and the effectiveness of its release to manage T. peregrinus. The objective was to evaluate the development period, thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae at different temperatures. The egg-adult period of this parasitoid varied from 43 to 14 days at 15 °C and 30 °C, respectively. The emergence of C. noackae adults was higher at 15 °C, 18 °C, 21 °C and 24 °C than at 30 °C. Female and male C. noackae need 226.75 and 230.41 degree-days and temperatures higher than 10.06 °C and 9.90 °C, respectively, to complete egg-adult development. The number of parasitized eggs per C. noackae female was higher at 21 °C, 24 °C and 27 °C, with 5.82, 7.73 and 5.50 eggs, respectively, than at 30 °C (0.45). Cleruchoides noackae longevity was greater at 15 °C, 21 °C and 24 °C. The net reproductive rate of the parasitoid was higher at 21 °C and 24 °C than at 30 °C, 3.05, 4.70 and 0.16, respectively. The finite rate of increase of C. noackae was greater at 21 °C, 24 °C and 27 °C, than at 30 °C and the intrinsic rate of increase was negative at 30 °C, -0.100. The temperatures 21 °C and 24 °C and from 18 °C to 27 °C are the most adequate for the reproduction and population increase of C. noackae parasitizing eggs of T. peregrinus, respectively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The data set comes from a tree inventory conducted in an evergreen forest fragment (dominated by Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucryphia cordifolia) and four fragments dominated by Nothofagus obliqua. The forests are located in an agroforestry matrix landscape of the Coastal Mountain Range of the Chilean Lake District. The data collection was carried out using line transect sampling, which was traced through the core of each fragment oriented towards its longest axis. Data provide taxonomic identity, diameter at breast height (DBP), overstory canopy cover, condition (e.g. live or snag), some height samples, and the estimate of the vertical stratification (e.g. canopy or understory) of 462 trees belonging to 19 species. The data also shows a record of 50 woody debris. The geographical location of each forest fragments is also included. Inventories are fundamental for knowledge of species diversity and provide the foundation for more complex analytical studies, such as the distribution of plant assemblages in the landscape; determine the conservation status of species, and research into biogeographical or macro-ecological areas of interest.

RESUMO

Bacterial leaf blight is a major disease of eucalypt, especially under nursery conditions. Different bacterial species have been associated with the disease in several countries, and despite its importance worldwide, it is not clear to date whether similar disease symptoms are caused by the same or by different etiological agents. In this study, 43 bacterial strains were isolated from blighted eucalypt leaves collected in different geographic areas of Brazil and inoculated onto a susceptible eucalypt clone. Polyphasic taxonomy, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and pathogenicity tests showed that only certain strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis caused symptoms of the disease. Strains varied in their aggressiveness, but no correlation with geographic origin was observed. MLSA-based phylogenetic analysis using concatenated dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences allocated the strains in a well-defined clade, corresponding to Rade-marker's group RG 9.6. Inoculation of nineteen plant species belonging to seven botanical families with representative strain LPF 602 showed it to be pathogenic only on Eucalyptus spp, and Corymbia spp. Based on distinct biochemical and pathogenic characteristics that differentiate the eucalypt strains from other pathovars of the X. axonopodis species, here we propose their allocation into the new pathovar X. axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum pv. nov.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: In eucalyptus crops, it is important to determine the number of plants that need to be evaluated for a reliable inference of growth. The aim of this study was to determine the sample size needed to estimate average trunk diameter at breast height and plant height of inter-specific eucalyptus hybrids. In 6,694 plants of twelve inter-specific hybrids it was evaluated trunk diameter at breast height at three (DBH3) and seven years (DBH7) and tree height at seven years (H7) of age. The statistics: minimum, maximum, mean, variance, standard deviation, standard error, and coefficient of variation were calculated. The hypothesis of variance homogeneity was tested. The sample size was determined by re sampling with replacement of 10,000 re samples. There was an increase in the sample size from DBH3 to H7 and DBH7. A sample size of 16, 59 and 31 plants is adequate to estimate DBH3, DBH7 and H7 means, respectively, of inter-specific hybrids of eucalyptus, with amplitude of confidence interval of 95% equal to 20% of the estimated mean.

RESUMO: Em povoamentos florestais de eucalipto, é importante determinar o número de plantas a serem avaliadas para que as inferências sobre o crescimento das plantas sejam confiáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) necessário para a estimação da média do diâmetro do tronco e da altura de planta de híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto. Em 6.694 plantas de doze híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto, foram mensurados os diâmetros do tronco à altura do peito aos três (DAP3) e aos sete anos (DAP7) e a altura de planta aos sete anos de idade (H7). Após, foram calculadas as estatísticas: mínimo, máximo, média, variância, desvio-padrão, erro-padrão e coeficiente de variação. A seguir, testaram-se as hipóteses de homogeneidade entre as variâncias. Depois, foi determinado o tamanho de amostra por meio de reamostragem, com reposição de 10.000 reamostras. Há aumento do tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média do DAP3, da H7 e do DAP7, nessa ordem. Para a estimação da média do DAP3, do DAP7 e da H7 dos híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto, com amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% igual a 20% da estimativa da média, 16, 59 e 31 plantas, respectivamente, são suficientes.

RESUMO

In eucalyptus crops, it is important to determine the number of plants that need to be evaluated for a reliable inference of growth. The aim of this study was to determine the sample size needed to estimate average trunk diameter at breast height and plant height of inter-specific eucalyptus hybrids. In 6,694 plants of twelve inter-specific hybrids it was evaluated trunk diameter at breast height at three (DBH3) and seven years (DBH7) and tree height at seven years (H7) of age. The statistics: minimum, maximum, mean, variance, standard deviation, standard error, and coefficient of variation were calculated. The hypothesis of variance homogeneity was tested. The sample size was determined by re sampling with replacement of 10,000 re samples. There was an increase in the sample size from DBH3 to H7 and DBH7. A sample size of 16, 59 and 31 plants is adequate to estimate DBH3, DBH7 and H7 means, respectively, of inter-specific hybrids of eucalyptus, with amplitude of confidence interval of 95% equal to 20% of the estimated mean.(AU)

Em povoamentos florestais de eucalipto, é importante determinar o número de plantas a serem avaliadas para que as inferências sobre o crescimento das plantas sejam confiáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) necessário para a estimação da média do diâmetro do tronco e da altura de planta de híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto. Em 6.694 plantas de doze híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto, foram mensurados os diâmetros do tronco à altura do peito aos três (DAP3) e aos sete anos (DAP7) e a altura de planta aos sete anos de idade (H7). Após, foram calculadas as estatísticas: mínimo, máximo, média, variância, desvio-padrão, erro-padrão e coeficiente de variação. A seguir, testaram-se as hipóteses de homogeneidade entre as variâncias. Depois, foi determinado o tamanho de amostra por meio de reamostragem, com reposição de 10.000 reamostras. Há aumento do tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média do DAP3, da H7 e do DAP7, nessa ordem. Para a estimação da média do DAP3, do DAP7 e da H7 dos híbridos interespecíficos de eucalipto, com amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% igual a 20% da estimativa da média, 16, 59 e 31 plantas, respectivamente, são suficientes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cerrado soils have low boron (B) content, making supplementation of this element through fertilization via soil and/or leaf is a common practice. It is therefore important to establish the best mode of application and source of B for the proper development of eucalyptus. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of B sources with high and low solubility on eucalyptus cultivation and to examine the effect of foliar application of the micronutrient. The experiment was conducted in an area located at 20o 34 S latitude and 51o 50 W longitude with an altitude of 305 m during the period from January 2012 to February 2014. The experiment was set up using a randomised complete block design with six treatments and five replications, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 0 kg ha-1 of B, 1 kg ha-1 of B using boric acid as a source (high solubility, 17% B) or 1 kg ha-1 of B using borogran as a source (low solubility, 10% B), applied to the planting furrow, with or without foliar application of 0.5% boric acid in a solution with a volume of 250 L ha-1. Except for the case of foliar B application, there was an increase in plant height in treatments that received the micronutrient at planting, which differed significantly from the control. However, both sources, independent of solubility, exhibited similar results. The two foliar B applications were sufficient to caus...(AU)

Os solos de Cerrado apresentam baixo teor de boro (B) no solo, sendo comum a suplementação deste elemento através da adubação via solo e/ou foliar. Portanto, é importante definir qual o melhor modo de aplicação e fonte de B para o bom desenvolvimento do eucalipto. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o efeito de fontes de B com alta e baixa solubilidade na cultura do eucalipto, bem como a aplicação foliar do micronutriente. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área com latitude 20o 34 S e longitude 51o 50 O e altitude de 305 m, no período de 01/2012 a 02/2014. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial de 3 x 2, sendo: 0 kg ha-1 de B, 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando como fonte o ácido bórico (alta solubilidade, 17% B) ou1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando como fonte o borogran (baixa solubilidade, 10% B), aplicados no sulco de plantio, com ou sem aplicações de ácido bórico via foliar na dose de 0,5% de ácido bórico na calda com volume de 250 L ha-1. Com a omissão de B via foliar houve incremento em altura de plantas nos tratamentos que receberam a aplicação do micronutriente no plantio, diferindo significativamente da testemunha. Porém, ambas as fontes, independente da solubilidade, apresentaram resultados semelhantes. As duas aplicações de B via foliar foram suficientes para que houvesse...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os prolongados períodos de seca no Sudoeste da Bahia podem causar prejuízos ao cultivo de eucalipto, que é a principal espécie florestal cultivada nessa região. Com o propósito de se conhecer o desempenho de alguns clones de eucalipto, face às restrições hídricas dessa região, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, no qual foram avaliadas respostas fisiológicas de quatro clones de eucalipto à baixa disponibilidade de água no solo. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, no qual os tratamentos constituíram um arranjo fatorial 4x2 (clones VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 e AEC0224, sob regimes hídricos irrigado e não irrigado), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Mudas com 90 dias de idade foram aclimatadas em casa de vegetação e irrigadas durante 60 dias. Após esse período, suspendeu-se a irrigação para um grupo de plantas, dando início às avaliações de potencial hídrico foliar (Ψw), teor relativo de água (TRA), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese (A) e concentração interna de CO2 (Ci). A deficiência hídrica causou alterações significativas em todas as variáveis avaliadas: Ψw, TRA, E, gs e A sofreram decréscimos, ao passo que Ci aumentou. As reduções em Ψw e TRA não registraram diferenças significativas entre os clones. Em relação a A, essa redução foi menor no clone VM01.

The long dry periods in Bahia Southwest can harm the eucalyptus cultivation, which is the most important forestry specie cultivated in this region. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of eucalyptus clones, grown in a greenhouse under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were a factorial 4x2 (VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 and AEC0224 clones, under irrigated and non irrigated water regimes) with four replications and two plants per plot. The seedlings were 90 days old and the acclimation was carried out in a greenhouse, with irrigation, for 60 days. After the acclimation, irrigation was interrupted to a group of plants, and the following evaluations were started: leaf water potential (Ψw), water relative content (TRA), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and CO2 internal concentration (Ci). Significant changes were observed in all variables. There was a decrease in Ψw, TRA, E, gs and A, whereas increased Ci. The Ψw and TRA decreases showed no significant differences among the clones. In relation to A, this decrease was lower in VM01 clone.

RESUMO

Os prolongados períodos de seca no Sudoeste da Bahia podem causar prejuízos ao cultivo de eucalipto, que é a principal espécie florestal cultivada nessa região. Com o propósito de se conhecer o desempenho de alguns clones de eucalipto, face às restrições hídricas dessa região, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, no qual foram avaliadas respostas fisiológicas de quatro clones de eucalipto à baixa disponibilidade de água no solo. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, no qual os tratamentos constituíram um arranjo fatorial 4x2 (clones VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 e AEC0224, sob regimes hídricos irrigado e não irrigado), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Mudas com 90 dias de idade foram aclimatadas em casa de vegetação e irrigadas durante 60 dias. Após esse período, suspendeu-se a irrigação para um grupo de plantas, dando início às avaliações de potencial hídrico foliar (Ψw), teor relativo de água (TRA), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese (A) e concentração interna de CO2 (Ci). A deficiência hídrica causou alterações significativas em todas as variáveis avaliadas: Ψw, TRA, E, gs e A sofreram decréscimos, ao passo que Ci aumentou. As reduções em Ψw e TRA não registraram diferenças significativas entre os clones. Em relação a A, essa redução foi menor no clone VM01.(AU)

The long dry periods in Bahia Southwest can harm the eucalyptus cultivation, which is the most important forestry specie cultivated in this region. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of eucalyptus clones, grown in a greenhouse under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were a factorial 4x2 (VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 and AEC0224 clones, under irrigated and non irrigated water regimes) with four replications and two plants per plot. The seedlings were 90 days old and the acclimation was carried out in a greenhouse, with irrigation, for 60 days. After the acclimation, irrigation was interrupted to a group of plants, and the following evaluations were started: leaf water potential (Ψw), water relative content (TRA), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and CO2 internal concentration (Ci). Significant changes were observed in all variables. There was a decrease in Ψw, TRA, E, gs and A, whereas increased Ci. The Ψw and TRA decreases showed no significant differences among the clones. In relation to A, this decrease was lower in VM01 clone.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cerrado soils have low boron (B) content, making supplementation of this element through fertilization via soil and/or leaf is a common practice. It is therefore important to establish the best mode of application and source of B for the proper development of eucalyptus. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of B sources with high and low solubility on eucalyptus cultivation and to examine the effect of foliar application of the micronutrient. The experiment was conducted in an area located at 20o 34 S latitude and 51o 50 W longitude with an altitude of 305 m during the period from January 2012 to February 2014. The experiment was set up using a randomised complete block design with six treatments and five replications, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 0 kg ha-1 of B, 1 kg ha-1 of B using boric acid as a source (high solubility, 17% B) or 1 kg ha-1 of B using borogran as a source (low solubility, 10% B), applied to the planting furrow, with or without foliar application of 0.5% boric acid in a solution with a volume of 250 L ha-1. Except for the case of foliar B application, there was an increase in plant height in treatments that received the micronutrient at planting, which differed significantly from the control. However, both sources, independent of solubility, exhibited similar results. The two foliar B applications were sufficient to caus...

Os solos de Cerrado apresentam baixo teor de boro (B) no solo, sendo comum a suplementação deste elemento através da adubação via solo e/ou foliar. Portanto, é importante definir qual o melhor modo de aplicação e fonte de B para o bom desenvolvimento do eucalipto. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o efeito de fontes de B com alta e baixa solubilidade na cultura do eucalipto, bem como a aplicação foliar do micronutriente. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área com latitude 20o 34 S e longitude 51o 50 O e altitude de 305 m, no período de 01/2012 a 02/2014. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial de 3 x 2, sendo: 0 kg ha-1 de B, 1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando como fonte o ácido bórico (alta solubilidade, 17% B) ou1 kg ha-1 de B utilizando como fonte o borogran (baixa solubilidade, 10% B), aplicados no sulco de plantio, com ou sem aplicações de ácido bórico via foliar na dose de 0,5% de ácido bórico na calda com volume de 250 L ha-1. Com a omissão de B via foliar houve incremento em altura de plantas nos tratamentos que receberam a aplicação do micronutriente no plantio, diferindo significativamente da testemunha. Porém, ambas as fontes, independente da solubilidade, apresentaram resultados semelhantes. As duas aplicações de B via foliar foram suficientes para que houvesse...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The long dry periods in Bahia Southwest can harm the eucalyptus cultivation, which is the most important forestry specie cultivated in this region. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of eucalyptus clones, grown in a greenhouse under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were a factorial 4x2 (VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 and AEC0224 clones, under irrigated and non irrigated water regimes) with four replications and two plants per plot. The seedlings were 90 days old and the acclimation was carried out in a greenhouse, with irrigation, for 60 days. After the acclimation, irrigation was interrupted to a group of plants, and the following evaluations were started: leaf water potential (w), water relative content (TRA), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and CO2 internal concentration (Ci). Significant changes were observed in all variables. There was a decrease in w, TRA, E, gs and A, whereas increased Ci. The w and TRA decreases showed no significant differences among the clones. In relation to A, this decrease was lower in VM01 clone.

Os prolongados períodos de seca no Sudoeste da Bahia podem causar prejuízos ao cultivo de eucalipto, que é a principal espécie florestal cultivada nessa região. Com o propósito de se conhecer o desempenho de alguns clones de eucalipto, face às restrições hídricas dessa região, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, no qual foram avaliadas respostas fisiológicas de quatro clones de eucalipto à baixa disponibilidade de água no solo. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, no qual os tratamentos constituíram um arranjo fatorial 4x2 (clones VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 e AEC0224, sob regimes hídricos irrigado e não irrigado), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Mudas com 90 dias de idade foram aclimatadas em casa de vegetação e irrigadas durante 60 dias. Após esse período, suspendeu-se a irrigação para um grupo de plantas, dando início às avaliações de potencial hídrico foliar (w), teor relativo de água (TRA), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese (A) e concentração interna de CO2 (Ci). A deficiência hídrica causou alterações significativas em todas as variáveis avaliadas: w, TRA, E, gs e A sofreram decréscimos, ao passo que Ci aumentou. As reduções em w e TRA não registraram diferenças significativas entre os clones. Em relação a A, essa redução foi menor no clone VM01.

RESUMO

The long dry periods in Bahia Southwest can harm the eucalyptus cultivation, which is the most important forestry specie cultivated in this region. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of eucalyptus clones, grown in a greenhouse under water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were a factorial 4x2 (VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 and AEC0224 clones, under irrigated and non irrigated water regimes) with four replications and two plants per plot. The seedlings were 90 days old and the acclimation was carried out in a greenhouse, with irrigation, for 60 days. After the acclimation, irrigation was interrupted to a group of plants, and the following evaluations were started: leaf water potential (w), water relative content (TRA), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A) and CO2 internal concentration (Ci). Significant changes were observed in all variables. There was a decrease in w, TRA, E, gs and A, whereas increased Ci. The w and TRA decreases showed no significant differences among the clones. In relation to A, this decrease was lower in VM01 clone.

Os prolongados períodos de seca no Sudoeste da Bahia podem causar prejuízos ao cultivo de eucalipto, que é a principal espécie florestal cultivada nessa região. Com o propósito de se conhecer o desempenho de alguns clones de eucalipto, face às restrições hídricas dessa região, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, no qual foram avaliadas respostas fisiológicas de quatro clones de eucalipto à baixa disponibilidade de água no solo. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, no qual os tratamentos constituíram um arranjo fatorial 4x2 (clones VM01, VCC0865, AEC0144 e AEC0224, sob regimes hídricos irrigado e não irrigado), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Mudas com 90 dias de idade foram aclimatadas em casa de vegetação e irrigadas durante 60 dias. Após esse período, suspendeu-se a irrigação para um grupo de plantas, dando início às avaliações de potencial hídrico foliar (w), teor relativo de água (TRA), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese (A) e concentração interna de CO2 (Ci). A deficiência hídrica causou alterações significativas em todas as variáveis avaliadas: w, TRA, E, gs e A sofreram decréscimos, ao passo que Ci aumentou. As reduções em w e TRA não registraram diferenças significativas entre os clones. Em relação a A, essa redução foi menor no clone VM01.

RESUMO

Registra-se a primeira ocorrência de Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) no estado de Goiás em Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. A detecção ocorreu no município de Goiânia.(AU)

The first occurrence record of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Goias state in Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. The detection occurred in the county of Goiânia, Brazil.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Registra-se a primeira ocorrência de Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) no estado de Goiás em Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. A detecção ocorreu no município de Goiânia.

The first occurrence record of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Goias state in Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. The detection occurred in the county of Goiânia, Brazil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e discutir os aspectos epidemiológicos de surtos de intoxicação espontânea por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens em bovinos criados em sistema silvippastoril na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram diagnosticados três surtos da enfermidade entre 2011 e 2013. Em dois surtos a morbidade foi de 35 por cento e 37,4 por cento e a mortalidade foi de 36,12 por cento e 16 por cento, respectivamente. A letalidade nos surtos foi de 45,71 por cento e 96,55 por cento. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela epidemiologia e presença do cogumelo nas áreas onde os bovinos estavam, além dos sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas e histológicas características. Os dados climáticos de temperatura, umidade e precipitação pluviométrica foram analisados estatisticamente; não se observou diferenças de 2007 a 2013. Não foi possível confirmar se a presença de R. flavo-brunnescens nos bosques de eucaliptos está associada a outonos chuvosos e quentes após verões secos. É provável que outros fatores estejam associados à presença do cogumelo nos bosques e à sua toxicidade. A influência do solo e a finalidade da mata plantada podem também, determinar a presença ou não do cogumelo na área. É provável que a espécie de eucalipto seja também um fator determinante para a ocorrência do cogumelo, já que em muitas matas deste gênero o vegetal R. flavo-brunnecens não ocorre. O reconhecimento do cogumelo por trabalhadores e produtores rurais e a época em que o mesmo se desenvolve nos bosques de eucalipto é fundamental para minimizar as perdas econômicas causadas pela intoxicação.

The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the epidemiological aspects of spontaneous outbreaks of poisoning by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens in cattle maintained in silvipasture system in Southern Brazil. Three outbreaks of the disease between 2011 and 2013 were diagnosed. In two outbreaks morbidity was 35 percent and 37.4 percent, and the mortality rate was 36.12 percent and 16 percent, respectively. The fatality rate in these outbreaks was 45.71 percent and 96.55 percent. The diagnosis was confirmed by the epidemiology and the presence of the mushroom in the areas where the cattle grazed, in addition to the clinical signs, gross and histological lesions. The climatic data of temperature, humidity and rainfall were statistically analyzed and no significant differences were observed between the years 2007-2013. It was not possible to confirm that the presence of R. flavo-brunnescens in eucalyptus groves is associated with rainy autumns and warm dry summers. It is likely that other factors are associated with the presence of the mushroom in the woods and its toxicity. The soil and type of forest planted may also determine the presence of the mushroom in the area. It is possible that the species of eucalyptus is also a determining factor for the occurrence of the mushroom, since in many eucalyptus forests R. flavo-brunnescens does not occur. The recognition of the mushroom by workers and farmers and the time for its development in the eucalyptus woods is essential to minimize economic losses caused by the poisoning.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e discutir os aspectos epidemiológicos de surtos de intoxicação espontânea por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens em bovinos criados em sistema silvippastoril na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram diagnosticados três surtos da enfermidade entre 2011 e 2013. Em dois surtos a morbidade foi de 35 por cento e 37,4 por cento e a mortalidade foi de 36,12 por cento e 16 por cento, respectivamente. A letalidade nos surtos foi de 45,71 por cento e 96,55 por cento. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela epidemiologia e presença do cogumelo nas áreas onde os bovinos estavam, além dos sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas e histológicas características. Os dados climáticos de temperatura, umidade e precipitação pluviométrica foram analisados estatisticamente; não se observou diferenças de 2007 a 2013. Não foi possível confirmar se a presença de R. flavo-brunnescens nos bosques de eucaliptos está associada a outonos chuvosos e quentes após verões secos. É provável que outros fatores estejam associados à presença do cogumelo nos bosques e à sua toxicidade. A influência do solo e a finalidade da mata plantada podem também, determinar a presença ou não do cogumelo na área. É provável que a espécie de eucalipto seja também um fator determinante para a ocorrência do cogumelo, já que em muitas matas deste gênero o vegetal R. flavo-brunnecens não ocorre. O reconhecimento do cogumelo por trabalhadores e produtores rurais e a época em que o mesmo se desenvolve nos bosques de eucalipto é fundamental para minimizar as perdas econômicas causadas pela intoxicação.(AU)

The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the epidemiological aspects of spontaneous outbreaks of poisoning by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens in cattle maintained in silvipasture system in Southern Brazil. Three outbreaks of the disease between 2011 and 2013 were diagnosed. In two outbreaks morbidity was 35 percent and 37.4 percent, and the mortality rate was 36.12 percent and 16 percent, respectively. The fatality rate in these outbreaks was 45.71 percent and 96.55 percent. The diagnosis was confirmed by the epidemiology and the presence of the mushroom in the areas where the cattle grazed, in addition to the clinical signs, gross and histological lesions. The climatic data of temperature, humidity and rainfall were statistically analyzed and no significant differences were observed between the years 2007-2013. It was not possible to confirm that the presence of R. flavo-brunnescens in eucalyptus groves is associated with rainy autumns and warm dry summers. It is likely that other factors are associated with the presence of the mushroom in the woods and its toxicity. The soil and type of forest planted may also determine the presence of the mushroom in the area. It is possible that the species of eucalyptus is also a determining factor for the occurrence of the mushroom, since in many eucalyptus forests R. flavo-brunnescens does not occur. The recognition of the mushroom by workers and farmers and the time for its development in the eucalyptus woods is essential to minimize economic losses caused by the poisoning.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The effect of competition is an important source of variation in breeding experiments. This study aimed to compare the selection of plants of open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus with and without the use of competition covariables. Genetic values were determined for each family and tree and for the traits height, diameter at breast height and timber volume in a randomized block design, resulting in the variance components, genetic parameters, selection gains, effective size and selection coincidence, with and without the use of covariables. Intergenotypic competition is an important factor of environmental variation. The use of competition covariables generally reduces the estimates of variance components and influences genetic gains in the studied traits. Intergenotypic competition biases the selection of open-pollinated eucalypt progenies, and can result in an erroneous choice of superior genotypes; the inclusion of covariables in the model reduces this influence.

RESUMO

The effect of competition is an important source of variation in breeding experiments. This study aimed to compare the selection of plants of open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus with and without the use of competition covariables. Genetic values were determined for each family and tree and for the traits height, diameter at breast height and timber volume in a randomized block design, resulting in the variance components, genetic parameters, selection gains, effective size and selection coincidence, with and without the use of covariables. Intergenotypic competition is an important factor of environmental variation. The use of competition covariables generally reduces the estimates of variance components and influences genetic gains in the studied traits. Intergenotypic competition biases the selection of open-pollinated eucalypt progenies, and can result in an erroneous choice of superior genotypes; the inclusion of covariables in the model reduces this influence.

RESUMO

Com a intensa mecanização das operações florestais, a compactação do solo, causada pelo tráfego, pode ser limitante para a obtenção de maiores produtividades.Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar as alterações em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos seguintes Latossolos: a) Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo devido a distintas intensidades de tráfego e carga de um Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, MG; b) Latossolo Amarelo e um Latossolo Vermelho devido à distintas intensidades de tráfego de um Forwarder sobre diferentes condições de disposição de resíduos nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, MG. Na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, foram coletadas, nas profundidades de 0-3 e 10-13 cm, 10 amostras indeformadas onde não houve tráfego e na linha de tráfego o Forwarder percorreu 2, 4 e 8 vezes e no local esse passou 4 vezes com 1/3, 2/3 e 3/3 de sua carga. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, foram coletadas 20 amostras indeformadas na linha de tráfego e o Forwarder trafegou 2 e 8 vezes, em quatro condições de disposição de resíduos. As amostras indeformadas foram utilizadas nos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. Determinaram-se também as características físicas e químicas dos solos. Todas as intensidades tráfego e carga do Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira causaram compactação no solo, principalmente na profundidade de 10-13 cm. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, o número de passadas do Forwarder igual a 8 foi a que causou maior compactação do solo, sendo essa minimizada nas condições de resíduos galhada mais casca e galhada.

With the intense mechanization of forest operations, soil compaction, caused by the traffic, may limit high productivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in the physical and mechanical properties of the following Latosol: a) Red-Yellow Latosol due to different traffic intensities and load of a Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region - MG; b) Yellow Latosol and a Red Latosol due to different traffic intensities of a Forwarder on different residue disposition in the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, MG. In the Santa Maria de Itabira region, it were collected at 0-3 and 10-13 cm depths, 10 undisturbed soil samples with no traffic and where the Forwarder trafficked 2, 4 and 8 times and in the place where the Forwarder trafficked 4 times with 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of its load. In the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, 20 undisturbed soils samples were collected in the traffic line where the Forwarder trafficked 2 and 8 times, in four conditions of residue disposition. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression. It was also determined, physical and chermical characteristics of the soils. All the traffic intensities and load of the Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region caused soil compaction mainly at 10-13 cm depth. I the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, the number of passes of the Forwarder equal to 8 caused greater compaction of the soil, being minimized, in the residue conditions of Brushwood plus Bark and Brushwood.