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The influence of short-term (daily) variation in environmental conditions (rainfall, wind, tide, river flow) on debris accumulation was examined on two beaches at an estuarine outlet. Sampling occurred over 60 consecutive days along two sections (Internal Area, IA; and External Area, EA) of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex's southern outlet, in Paraná, southern Brazil. The IA is sheltered from direct wave action, whereas the EA is more exposed to wave and wind action from the open ocean. The IA accounted for 71% of the total debris, while the EA accounted for 29%. Debris abundance was highest after intermediate bouts of rainfall, although river flow only affected debris accumulation in the IA. Wind and tide influenced accumulation differently across sites. These results highlight the importance of short-term variation in the accumulation of marine debris on sandy beaches, which should be considered when designing and monitoring assessment programs and removal strategies.

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RESUMO Este trabalho investiga a renovação das águas no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (CEP), localizado no estado do Paraná, Brasil, usando o sistema de modelagem computacional SisBaHiA®. Um modelo de circulação hidrodinâmica, para a definição dos padrões de circulação, e um modelo de transporte Euleriano, para calcular a taxa de renovação (TR), idade da água (IA) e escoamento residual, foram implementados. A TR, a IA e o escoamento residual foram determinados para diferentes cenários hidrodinâmicos, com períodos representativos de verão e de inverno e, consequentemente, com diferentes forçantes (maré, vazão ou vento) com o objetivo de identificar as possíveis áreas de estagnação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a maré e as vazões fluviais são os forçantes de maior importância na renovação das águas do CEP. Em todos os cenários foram identificadas duas possíveis áreas de estagnação, que apresentam menores TRs e maior IA, quando comparadas com outras regiões, a saber, a região da baía dos Pinheiros e a região próxima à cidade de Paranaguá. Durante o verão e considerando todos os forçantes, as TRs na região da baía dos Pinheiros e na região próxima à cidade de Paranaguá são menores que 95%, enquanto nas demais regiões do CEP os valores são superiores a 95%.

ABSTRACT This work investigates the water renewal in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC), located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using the SisBaHiA® computer modelling system. A hydrodynamic circulation model, for the definition of hydrodynamic circulation patterns, and an Eulerian transport model, for the computation of the water renewal rate, water age and residual circulation, were implemented. The water renewal rate, water age and residual circulation were computed for different hydrodynamic scenarios, with representative summer and winter periods and, consequently, with different forcings (tide, river flow or wind), in order to identify possible stagnation areas. Results show that the tide and the river flows are the most important forcings in the water renewal of the PEC. Two possible stagnation areas were identified in all scenarios, which presented lower renewal rates and higher water ages when compared to the other regions, namely, the Pinheiros bay region and the region near to Paranaguá city. During the summer and taking into account all the forcings, renewal rates in the Pinheiros Bay region and near the city of Paranaguá are less than 95% whereas in the other regions of the PEC, the values are higher than 95%.

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Marine debris' transboundary nature and new strategies to identify sources and sinks in coastal areas were investigated along the Paranaguá estuarine gradient (southern Brazil), through integration of hydrodynamic modelling, ground truthing estimates and regressive vector analysis. The simulated release of virtual particles in different parts of the inner estuary suggests a residence time shorter than 5days before being exported through the estuary mouth (intermediate compartment) to the open ocean. Stranded litter supported this pathway, with beaches in the internal compartment presenting proportionally more items from domestic sources, while fragmented items with unknown sources were proportionally more abundant in the oceanic beaches. Regressive vector analysis reinforced the inner estuarine origin of the stranded litter in both estuarine and oceanic beaches. These results support the applicability of simple hydrodynamic models to address marine debris' transboundary issues in the land-sea transition zone, thus supporting an ecosystem transboundary (and not territorial) management approach.

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The spatio-temporal distributions of four batoid species were examined in a subtropical estuary. Fluvial gradient was the most important factor explaining abundances, reflecting positive relationships with either salinity or distance from urbanised areas that were consistent across seasons and depths. The results support existing protected areas.

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This paper describes the record of a gravid Pristis pristis from the north coast of Maranhão State (Brazil) in May of 2009 by an artisanal vessel. Size, mass and rostrum length of the adult female were estimated at 5000 mm, 750000 g and 1536 mm, respectively. Total length (LT ) of miscarried embryos ranged from 755 to 800 mm and total mass from 890 to 1120 g. Although this is a single record, it indicates that P. pristis births may be taking place during May or coming months and there may be population differences between Central and South America.

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O Canal de Bertioga, localizado no litoral do estado de São Paulo, é delimitado pelo continente e pela ilha de Santo Amaro, constituindo a unidade natural que conecta os municípios de Santos, Guarujá e Bertioga, representando uma segunda conexão do complexo estuarino de Santos-São Vicente com o oceano. No presente estudo foram realizadas coletas, entre dezembro de 2009 a novembro de 2010, no trecho norte do Canal de Bertioga (23° 51' 23,83" S e 46° 07' 58,87" O e 23° 53' 31,72" S e 46° 11' 17,74" O), com o objetivo de inventariar a ictiofauna da região. Foram coletados 1.429 exemplares, pertencentes a 78 espécies, incluídas em 14 ordens, 39 famílias e 67 gêneros. As famílias mais especiosas foram Sciaenidae (nove spp.), Carangidae (nove spp.), Haemulidae (sete spp.), e Ariidae (cinco spp.), e as espécies mais abundantes foram Stellifer rastrifer (n = 243), Harengula clupeola (n = 182), Cathorops spixii (n = 144), Oligoplites palometa (n = 109) e Mugil curema (n = 102), sendo que Achirus lineatus, Atherinella brasiliensis, Cathorops spixii, Chaetodipterus faber, Citharichthys spilopterus, Genidens genidens, Micropogonias furnieri e Stellifer rastrifer, ocorreram em todas estações do ano. Das espécies encontradas, seis foram reconhecidas constantes, 19 acessórias e 53 ocasionais. Em relação aos seus hábitos, 40 espécies são marinho-estuarinas, 26 marinhas, 11 estuarinas e uma de água doce, sendo 52 espécies demersais e 26 pelágicas. Onze espécies são relacionadas em listas de espécies ameaçadas. Adicionalmente, é apresentada uma chave de identificação para as espécies do trecho norte do Canal de Bertioga.

The Bertioga Channel, on the coast of the São Paulo state, is delimited by the continental shore and the island of Santo Amaro, and represents a secondary connection of the Santos-São Vicente estuarine complex to the ocean and adjoins the municipalities of Santos, Guarujá and Bertioga. In the present study collections were made between December 2009 and November 2010 in the northern stretch of the Bertioga Channel (23° 51' 23,83" S, 46° 07' 58, 87" W to 23° 53' 31,72" S, 46° 11' 17,74" W) in order to provide an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the region. A total of 1,429 specimens were collected, belonging to 78 species, 67 genera, 39 families and 14 orders. The most species rich families were Sciaenidae (nine spp.), Carangidae (nine spp.), Haemulidae (seven spp.), and Ariidae (five spp.). The most abundant species were Stellifer rastrifer (n = 243), Harengula clupeola (n = 182), Cathorops spixii (n = 144), Oligoplites palometa (n = 109) and Mugil curema (n=102). The species Achirus lineatus, Atherinella brasiliensis, Cathorops spixii, Chaetodipterus faber, Citharichthys spilopterus, Genidens genidens, Micropogonias furnieri and Stellifer rastrifer, were collected in all seasons of the year. Of the species encountered, six were considered constant, 19 accessorial and 53 occasional. In relation to habitat association, 40 species are marine-estuarine, 26 species marine, 11 species estuarine and one species freshwater, being 52 demersal species and 26 pelagic species. Eleven species are included in red lists. Additionally, an identification key to the species of the northern stretch of the Bertioga Channel is presented.

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The objective of the present research was to evaluate quantitatively the total coliforms and E. coli in oysters and adjacent waters of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and its interrelation with biotic and abiotic factors, as well as evaluate the contamination from coliforms of oysters sold in the Paranaguá market. Water and oysters were collected from April of 1997 to February of 1998, in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and oysters were bought from the same three merchants in the market through-out the research. Temperature, salinity and seston of the water and total heterotrophic bacteria, bacterial biomass, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water and in the oysters were analyzed. Temperature was higher in summer, salinity and seston in the winter. Total heterotrophic bacteria and bacterial biomass in the water were heigher in Ostras River in July and January and total coliforms in July. The highest values of total coliforms in oysters were observed in Rasa Island, in January. In the water the number of E. coli was larger than 2,419 MPN.100 ml-1 in Cobras Island in April and in Puruquara, in July. In relation to the oysters from the market of Paranaguá, the largest values of total coliforms were registered in April and December, and E. coli in December, both from merchant 2. The results show that oysters collected in the environment as well as the ones from the Municipal Market of Paranaguá cannot be consumed raw without previous purification and that there is a need of an urgent re-form of the legislation, including the analysis of E. coli in the oysters to be marketed.(AU)

Foram objetivos da presente pesquisa avaliar quantitativamente os coliformes totais e E. coli em ostras do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá, sua inter-relação com fatores bióticos e abióticos, assim como avaliar a contaminação por coliformes de ostras comercializadas no Mercado Municipal de Paranaguá. Foram feitas coletas de água e ostras, entre abril de 1997 e fevereiro de 1998, e foram compradas ostras ao longo do período amostral dos mesmos três comerciantes do mercado municipal homônimo. Analisaram-se a temperatura, salinidade e seston da água, além de bactérias heterotróficas totais, biomassa bacteriana, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli na água e nas ostras. A temperatura foi mais elevada no verão, a salinidade e o seston no inverno. As bactérias heterotróficas totais e biomassa bacteriana na água foram mais elevadas no Rio das Ostras em julho e janeiro e coliformes totais em julho. Nas ostras, os maiores valores de coliformes totais ocorreram na Ilha Rasa em janeiro. Na água o número de E. coli foi maior que 2.419 NMP.100 ml-1 na Ilha das Cobras em abril e no Puruquara, em julho. Com relação às ostras adquiridas no mercado de Paranaguá, os maiores valores de coliformes totais foram registrados em abril e dezembro, e de E.coli em dezembro, ambas do comerciante 2. Os resultados mostram que, tanto as ostras coletadas no ambiente, quanto as do Mercado Municipal de Paranaguá não podem ser consumidas cruas sem prévia depuração e que há necessidade de uma reformulação urgente da legislação, incluindo a análise de E. coli nas ostras a serem comercializadas.(AU)

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The objective of the present research was to evaluate quantitatively the total coliforms and E. coli in oysters and adjacent waters of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and its interrelation with biotic and abiotic factors, as well as evaluate the contamination from coliforms of oysters sold in the Paranaguá market. Water and oysters were collected from April of 1997 to February of 1998, in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and oysters were bought from the same three merchants in the market through-out the research. Temperature, salinity and seston of the water and total heterotrophic bacteria, bacterial biomass, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water and in the oysters were analyzed. Temperature was higher in summer, salinity and seston in the winter. Total heterotrophic bacteria and bacterial biomass in the water were heigher in Ostras River in July and January and total coliforms in July. The highest values of total coliforms in oysters were observed in Rasa Island, in January. In the water the number of E. coli was larger than 2,419 MPN.100 ml-1 in Cobras’ Island in April and in Puruquara, in July. In relation to the oysters from the market of Paranaguá, the largest values of total coliforms were registered in April and December, and E. coli in December, both from merchant 2. The results show that oysters collected in the environment as well as the ones from the Municipal Market of Paranaguá cannot be consumed raw without previous purification and that there is a need of an urgent re-form of the legislation, including the analysis of E. coli in the oysters to be marketed.

Foram objetivos da presente pesquisa avaliar quantitativamente os coliformes totais e E. coli em ostras do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá, sua inter-relação com fatores bióticos e abióticos, assim como avaliar a contaminação por coliformes de ostras comercializadas no Mercado Municipal de Paranaguá. Foram feitas coletas de água e ostras, entre abril de 1997 e fevereiro de 1998, e foram compradas ostras ao longo do período amostral dos mesmos três comerciantes do mercado municipal homônimo. Analisaram-se a temperatura, salinidade e seston da água, além de bactérias heterotróficas totais, biomassa bacteriana, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli na água e nas ostras. A temperatura foi mais elevada no verão, a salinidade e o seston no inverno. As bactérias heterotróficas totais e biomassa bacteriana na água foram mais elevadas no Rio das Ostras em julho e janeiro e coliformes totais em julho. Nas ostras, os maiores valores de coliformes totais ocorreram na Ilha Rasa em janeiro. Na água o número de E. coli foi maior que 2.419 NMP.100 ml-1 na Ilha das Cobras em abril e no Puruquara, em julho. Com relação às ostras adquiridas no mercado de Paranaguá, os maiores valores de coliformes totais foram registrados em abril e dezembro, e de E.coli em dezembro, ambas do comerciante 2. Os resultados mostram que, tanto as ostras coletadas no ambiente, quanto as do Mercado Municipal de Paranaguá não podem ser consumidas cruas sem prévia depuração e que há necessidade de uma reformulação urgente da legislação, incluindo a análise de E. coli nas ostras a serem comercializadas.

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