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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the most commonly used classes of drugs in both human and veterinary medicine. However, many clinical side effects have been observed, especially when treatment has been prolonged. While the anti-inflammatory efficacy and safety of repeated administration of firocoxib (Previcox®), which is a selective NSAID COX-2 inhibitor, has been evaluated for short-term use (one to fourteen days), its clinical relevance for longer-term use is not known. As a preliminary study, healthy, adult male and female horses (n = 7) were treated with firocoxib for 40 days concomitant with the collection of blood samples encompassing treatment to assess hematological and biochemical endpoints. Daily oral administration of firocoxib was performed with one 57 mg tablet/animal (0.11-0.14 mg/kg), which was crushed and mixed with feed. Blood samples were collected one day before treatment (D0 or basal sample), during (D10, D20, D30, and D40), and after treatment (D55 and D70). Results indicated some hematological and biochemical effects were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) towards the end of treatment on D40 relative to pre-treatment or baseline values on D0. Post-treatment, all values returned to pre-treatment values within 30 days without any apparent clinical adversities. In conclusion, while these preliminary results are favorable for prolonged use of firocoxib in horses, future studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of prolonged use accompanied with other clinically relevant endpoints in healthy as well as injured or diseased animals.

RESUMO

This study evaluated the effect of different supportive treatments on PCV replacement of dairy calves naturally infected with tick fever (TF) agents, and treated with diminazene and enrofloxacin. Five products were tested as supportive treatments in four experiments. In these experiments, we used Girolando female calves (Gyr × Holstein, genetic ratio of 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein) four to six months old, raised in pasture, naturally infected with TF agents, and infested with R. microplus. Supportive treatment was administered once on day 0 of the study concurrently with specific treatment targeting TF agents. The animals were observed on days 0, 3, and 7. Oral or intravenous administration of a vitamin complex and mineral salts enhanced the increase in PCV and biochemical analytes present in the serum of calves naturally infected with TF agents. No positive effect on PCV values was observed with the administration of (1) invigorating tonic: calcium, casein-peptides and vitamin B12, (2) iron-based stimulant tonic and (3) metabolic tonic: vitamin A, vitamin D, and a fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation by injection with Type III iron resulted in increased hemoglobin and PCV in treated animals. However, these results did not occur with iron citrate. Therefore, more studies with Type III iron need to be performed. Supportive treatment conferred no advantage in animals with no history of reduced PCV.

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Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status. However, this information is usually hard to obtain. Here, we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal. We measured red blood cell morphometrics, erythrogram, and leukogram. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families, testing if body size explains their variation. Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes (>60%) in L. podicipinus, followed by neutrophils (∼10%). Given that L. podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil, knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram, in which Leptodactylus spp. and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables, whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values. The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace. The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram. Accordingly, body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram (4.7%) and erythrogram (0.57%). By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters, our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.

RESUMO

The hematopoietic system changes during the pregnancy to carry fetal development and maternal needs. This study compared the hematological parameters between ewes with single and twin pregnancies during gestation, delivery, and postpartum. The experiment was conducted on 60 healthy pregnant Dorper ewes that were divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (G1), with single pregnancies (n=30), and Group 2 (G2), with twin pregnancies (n=30). Blood samples were collected from all ewes at different times: immediately before fixed-time artificial insemination (AI); on day 30, 90, 120, 130, and 140 of pregnancy; immediately after delivery; and at 24h and 48h postpartum. Statistical analysis compared the two groups at different times (P<0.05). Mild, normocytic, and hypochromic anemia was detected in all ewes from AI time and throughout pregnancy from both groups, but did not prove to be of clinical relevance. In the peripartum stage (from the 140th day of pregnancy to 48h postpartum), the ewes with twin pregnancies (G2) exhibited higher erythrogram values and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio than did ewes with single pregnancies (G1). This indicated a greater hematopoietic adaptation in the body during the development of two fetuses. Except for the eosinophil numbers, all leukogram parameters were influenced by pregnancy in a similar way in both groups, and was characterized mainly by leukocytosis with neutrophilia during peripartum due to the high presence of endogenous cortisol at delivery. Thus, these findings showed that pregnancy was a stressful physiological event that increased the leukocyte count with a slight alteration in the erythrogram of Dorper ewes.

O sistema hematopoiético sofre mudanças durante a gestação para atender o desenvolvimento fetal e as necessidades maternas. Este estudo comparou os parâmetros hematológicos entre ovelhas com gestação simples e gemelar durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto. O estudo foi realizado em 60 ovelhas Dorper prenhes, saudáveis, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 (G1) com gestação simples (n = 30); e Grupo 2 (G2) com gestação gemelar (n = 30). Amostras de sangue foram colhidos de todas as ovelhas em diferentes momentos: imediatamente antes da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IA); nos dias 30, 90, 120, 130 e 140 de gestação; imediatamente após o parto; e às 24h e 48h pós-parto. A análise estatística comparou os dois grupos nos diferentes momentos (P < 0,05). Anemia leve, normocítica e hipocrômica foi detectada desde a IA e ao longo da gestação, nas ovelhas de ambos os grupos, mas não houve relevância clínica. Na fase periparto (do 140º dia de gestação às 48h pós-parto), as ovelhas com gestação gemelar (G2) mostraram valores do eritrograma e proporção neutrófilos: linfócitos mais elevados do que as ovelhas com gestação simples (G1). Isso indicou maior adaptação hematopoiética da ovelha para o desenvolvimento de dois fetos. Com exceção do número de eosinófilos, todos os parâmetros do leucograma foram influenciados pela gestação de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos, e foi caracterizada principalmente por leucocitose com neutrofilia no periparto devido ao alto nível de cortisol endógeno no parto. Assim, os achados mostraram que a gestação foi um evento fisiológico estressante que aumentou a contagem de leucócitos com leve alteração no eritrograma de ovelhas Dorper.

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RESUMO

The hematopoietic system changes during the pregnancy to carry fetal development and maternal needs. This study compared the hematological parameters between ewes with single and twin pregnancies during gestation, delivery, and postpartum. The experiment was conducted on 60 healthy pregnant Dorper ewes that were divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (G1), with single pregnancies (n=30), and Group 2 (G2), with twin pregnancies (n=30). Blood samples were collected from all ewes at different times: immediately before fixed-time artificial insemination (AI); on day 30, 90, 120, 130, and 140 of pregnancy; immediately after delivery; and at 24h and 48h postpartum. Statistical analysis compared the two groups at different times (P<0.05). Mild, normocytic, and hypochromic anemia was detected in all ewes from AI time and throughout pregnancy from both groups, but did not prove to be of clinical relevance. In the peripartum stage (from the 140th day of pregnancy to 48h postpartum), the ewes with twin pregnancies (G2) exhibited higher erythrogram values and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio than did ewes with single pregnancies (G1). This indicated a greater hematopoietic adaptation in the body during the development of two fetuses. Except for the eosinophil numbers, all leukogram parameters were influenced by pregnancy in a similar way in both groups, and was characterized mainly by leukocytosis with neutrophilia during peripartum due to the high presence of endogenous cortisol at delivery. Thus, these findings showed that pregnancy was a stressful physiological event that increased the leukocyte count with a slight alteration in the erythrogram of Dorper ewes.(AU)

O sistema hematopoiético sofre mudanças durante a gestação para atender o desenvolvimento fetal e as necessidades maternas. Este estudo comparou os parâmetros hematológicos entre ovelhas com gestação simples e gemelar durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto. O estudo foi realizado em 60 ovelhas Dorper prenhes, saudáveis, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 (G1) com gestação simples (n = 30); e Grupo 2 (G2) com gestação gemelar (n = 30). Amostras de sangue foram colhidos de todas as ovelhas em diferentes momentos: imediatamente antes da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IA); nos dias 30, 90, 120, 130 e 140 de gestação; imediatamente após o parto; e às 24h e 48h pós-parto. A análise estatística comparou os dois grupos nos diferentes momentos (P < 0,05). Anemia leve, normocítica e hipocrômica foi detectada desde a IA e ao longo da gestação, nas ovelhas de ambos os grupos, mas não houve relevância clínica. Na fase periparto (do 140º dia de gestação às 48h pós-parto), as ovelhas com gestação gemelar (G2) mostraram valores do eritrograma e proporção neutrófilos: linfócitos mais elevados do que as ovelhas com gestação simples (G1). Isso indicou maior adaptação hematopoiética da ovelha para o desenvolvimento de dois fetos. Com exceção do número de eosinófilos, todos os parâmetros do leucograma foram influenciados pela gestação de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos, e foi caracterizada principalmente por leucocitose com neutrofilia no periparto devido ao alto nível de cortisol endógeno no parto. Assim, os achados mostraram que a gestação foi um evento fisiológico estressante que aumentou a contagem de leucócitos com leve alteração no eritrograma de ovelhas Dorper.(AU)

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The hematopoietic system changes during the pregnancy to carry fetal development and maternal needs. This study compared the hematological parameters between ewes with single and twin pregnancies during gestation, delivery, and postpartum. The experiment was conducted on 60 healthy pregnant Dorper ewes that were divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (G1), with single pregnancies (n=30), and Group 2 (G2), with twin pregnancies (n=30). Blood samples were collected from all ewes at different times: immediately before fixed-time artificial insemination (AI); on day 30, 90, 120, 130, and 140 of pregnancy; immediately after delivery; and at 24h and 48h postpartum. Statistical analysis compared the two groups at different times (P<0.05). Mild, normocytic, and hypochromic anemia was detected in all ewes from AI time and throughout pregnancy from both groups, but did not prove to be of clinical relevance. In the peripartum stage (from the 140th day of pregnancy to 48h postpartum), the ewes with twin pregnancies (G2) exhibited higher erythrogram values and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio than did ewes with single pregnancies (G1). This indicated a greater hematopoietic adaptation in the body during the development of two fetuses. Except for the eosinophil numbers, all leukogram parameters were influenced by pregnancy in a similar way in both groups, and was characterized mainly by leukocytosis with neutrophilia during peripartum due to the high presence of endogenous cortisol at delivery. Thus, these findings showed that pregnancy was a stressful physiological event that increased the leukocyte count with a slight alteration in the erythrogram of Dorper ewes.

RESUMO: O sistema hematopoiético sofre mudanças durante a gestação para atender o desenvolvimento fetal e as necessidades maternas. Este estudo comparou os parâmetros hematológicos entre ovelhas com gestação simples e gemelar durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto. O estudo foi realizado em 60 ovelhas Dorper prenhes, saudáveis, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 (G1) com gestação simples (n = 30); e Grupo 2 (G2) com gestação gemelar (n = 30). Amostras de sangue foram colhidos de todas as ovelhas em diferentes momentos: imediatamente antes da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IA); nos dias 30, 90, 120, 130 e 140 de gestação; imediatamente após o parto; e às 24h e 48h pós-parto. A análise estatística comparou os dois grupos nos diferentes momentos (P < 0,05). Anemia leve, normocítica e hipocrômica foi detectada desde a IA e ao longo da gestação, nas ovelhas de ambos os grupos, mas não houve relevância clínica. Na fase periparto (do 140º dia de gestação às 48h pós-parto), as ovelhas com gestação gemelar (G2) mostraram valores do eritrograma e proporção neutrófilos: linfócitos mais elevados do que as ovelhas com gestação simples (G1). Isso indicou maior adaptação hematopoiética da ovelha para o desenvolvimento de dois fetos. Com exceção do número de eosinófilos, todos os parâmetros do leucograma foram influenciados pela gestação de forma semelhante em ambos os grupos, e foi caracterizada principalmente por leucocitose com neutrofilia no periparto devido ao alto nível de cortisol endógeno no parto. Assim, os achados mostraram que a gestação foi um evento fisiológico estressante que aumentou a contagem de leucócitos com leve alteração no eritrograma de ovelhas Dorper.

RESUMO

The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The hematology of turtles of the Amazon, such as the Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa), has not been well described in the literature. Referencing how to collect and analyze blood samples is fundamental for the medical practice of these exotic animals. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematologic parameters of Arrau turtles of the Amazon to determine the best anticoagulant (EDTA, citrate, or sodium heparin) and cytologic stain (Giemsa, Quick Panoptic, or Rosenfeld) for use with this species. METHODS: Blood samples from eight turtles were collected. Three blood smears were made using blood without anticoagulant, and the rest of the sample was distributed in three tubes, containing EDTA, citrate, and sodium heparin, for erythrogram and leukogram analyses. RESULTS: All blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA showed marked hemolysis. Blood collected with citrate showed minimal hemolysis, and blood collected with sodium heparin did not have any hemolysis. Some analyses were not performed on blood containing EDTA because of the intense hemolysis. The erythrocyte variables were obtained and showed better results for blood samples in heparin. Blood smears without anticoagulant were appropriate for differential leukocyte counts with the three stain types, while blood with any of the anticoagulants made it difficult to differentiate leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium heparin showed the best results and should be the anticoagulant of choice for hematologic studies in P expansa. All cytologic stains were efficient, allowing adequate identification of distinct cell groups. Leukocyte differentiation was assured and had better contrast using blood smears made from blood without an anticoagulant.

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Abstract Background: The results from automated equipment and peripheral blood smears allow correlating clinical data with cellular blood counts (CBC), generating information on pathologies of hematological and non-hematological origin in dogs. Objective: To describe qualitative and quantitative magnitudes of CBC in healthy donor dogs of a blood- bank in Medellín (Colombia). Methods: A descriptive-prospective study was carried out from 146 records of CBC results from a blood-bank. The samples were processed by automated equipment, and trained personnel performed the observation of peripheral blood smears to collect qualitative information. Variables such as age, sex, breed, quantitative results, and observations of the peripheral blood smears were considered. For the definition of biological intervals (BIs), the mean and two standard deviations were used for the data with a normal distribution. Otherwise, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were used. Results: The size, granularity, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in monocytes and polymorphonuclear eosinophils, as well as the presence of Barr chromatin and occasional circulating erythroblasts, were remarkable findings to the peripheral blood smear. With the standardization of data obtained from dogs of large and giant breeds, the present work provides BIs for some of the CBC data in the studied population. Conclusion: The findings of the present study allow approximations to the definition of alterations in blood cells and their counts, which can guide the veterinarian towards an early diagnosis in dogs.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los datos obtenidos de equipos automatizados y extendidos de sangre periférica permiten correlacionar la clínica y los resultados del hemograma, generando información de interés sobre patologías de origen hematológico y no hematológico en perros. Objetivo: Describir las magnitudes cualitativas y cuantitativas del hemograma en perros sanos, donantes de un banco de sangre en Medellín (Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo a partir de 146 registros de resultados de hemograma remitidos por un banco de sangre. Las muestras fueron procesadas por un equipo automatizado y personal entrenado realizó la observación del extendido de sangre periférica para la colección de información de corte cualitativo. Variables como edad, sexo, raza, resultados cuantitativos de las muestras y observaciones al extendido de sangre periférica fueron consideradas. Para la definición de intervalos biológicos (IBs) se utilizaron la media y dos desviaciones estándar para los datos con distribución normal. De lo contrario, se utilizaron los percentiles 2,5 y 97,5. Resultados: El tamaño, granularidad y vacuolas citoplasmáticas en monocitos y polimorfonucleares eosinófilos, así como la presencia de Cromatina de Barr y eritroblastos circulantes ocasionales fueron hallazgos llamativos al extendido de sangre periférica. Con la normalización de los datos para caninos de razas grandes y gigantes, el presente trabajo aporta IBs para algunos de los datos del hemograma en la población estudiada. Conclusión: Los hallazgos del presente estudio permiten aproximaciones a la definición de alteraciones en las células hemáticas y sus conteos, que pueden orientar al médico veterinario hacia un diagnóstico temprano en perros.

Resumo Antecedentes: As informações obtidas de equipamentos automatizados e esfregaços de sangue periférico permitem correlacionar os resultados clínicos e de hemogramas, gerando informações interessantes sobre patologias de origem hematológica e não hematológica em cães. Objetivo: Descrever as magnitudes qualitativa e quantitativa do hemograma em cães saudáveis, doadores de um banco de sangue em Medellín (Colômbia). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo-prospectivo a partir de 146 registros de resultados de hemograma encaminhados por um banco de sangue. As amostras foram processadas por uma equipe automatizada e pessoal treinado observou o esfregaço de sangue periférico para a coleta de informações qualitativas. Foram consideradas variáveis como idade, sexo, raça, resultados quantitativos das amostras e observações do esfregaço de sangue periférico. Para a definição de intervalos biológicos (IBs), foram utilizados a média e dois desvios-padrão para os dados com distribuição normal. Caso contrário, foram utilizados os percentis 2,5 e 97,5. Resultados: O tamanho, a granularidade e os vacúolos citoplasmáticos dos monócitos e das células polimorfonucleares dos eosinófilos, bem como a presença da cromatina de Barr e ocasionais eritroblastos circulantes foram achados marcantes na disseminação do sangue periférico. Com a normalização dos dados para cães de raças grandes e gigantes, o presente trabalho fornece IBs para alguns dos dados de hemograma na população estudada. Conclusão: Os achados do presente estudo permitem aproximações à definição de alterações nas células sanguíneas e suas contagens, o que pode orientar o médico veterinário responsável pelo diagnóstico precoce em cães.

RESUMO

Abstract The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.

RESUMO

The analysis of haematological parameters is an important element of the assessment of the physiological condition of animals. Haematological parameters may change both under the influence of various external factors, and in the course of normal pregnancy, which has been found in various species of mammals, including rabbits. Our study showed statistically significant (p<0.05) changes in basic haematological parameters: RBC (decrease; 5.87±0.48 at day 15 vs. 5.42±0.32 T/L at day 26), MCH (increase; 1.35±0.04 before matching vs. 1.41±0.03 fmol at day 26), RDW (decrease; 15.77±1.80 at day 15 vs. 14.27±1.57% at day 26) MPV (increase; 5.17±0.31 at day 15 vs. 5.92±0.70 fL at day 26), WBC (decrease; 8.60±2.57 at day 15 vs. 4.94±0.88 G/L at day 26) and PLT (decrease; 398.17±91.67 before matching vs. 271.67±61.72 G/L at day 26) in Termond White rabbits and RBC (decrease; 6.18±0.68 before matching vs. 5.68±0.54 T/L at day 26), Hb (decrease; 8.00±0.90 before matching vs. 7.32±0.71 mmol/L at day 26), MCH (decrease; 1.32±0.05 at day 15 vs. 1.29±0.04 fmol at day 26) and WBC (decrease; 9.62±1.81 before matching vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26 as well as 9.58±2.35 at day 15 vs. 5.85±2.23 G/L at day 26) in Popielno White rabbits. Moreover, in the Popielno White rabbits we recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the percentage of irregular erythrocytes at the end of pregnancy (11.00±10.02 at day 15 vs. 3.00±4.94 at day 26). The changes appear to be physiological but should be considered in studies using rabbits as model organisms.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: The Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease-transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses. METHODS: Blood samples of 268 golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values. RESULTS: Mean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden-headed lion tamarins.

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This study was conducted to evaluate changes in hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows at different reproductive stages. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following hematological biomarkers: hemogram (red blood cells, globular volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)) and leukogram (total and differential counts). The erythrogram was influenced (p < 0.001) by the reproductive stages, with variation in the results obtained for the total red cell count, hemoglobin content, globular volume, MCV, MCHC and total plasma proteins. The reproductive stages influenced the leukocyte profile with variation in the total leukocyte count and in the absolute values of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. Hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows showed significant changes due to the physiological adjustments required in response to the metabolic requirements imposed in the final stage of pregnancy and in the beginning of lactation, ensuring the nutritional contribution in energy and oxygen transported through the blood.

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RESUMO

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows at different reproductive stages. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following hematological biomarkers: hemogram (red blood cells, globular volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)) and leukogram (total and differential counts). The erythrogram was influenced (p < 0.001) by the reproductive stages, with variation in the results obtained for the total red cell count, hemoglobin content, globular volume, MCV, MCHC and total plasma proteins. The reproductive stages influenced the leukocyte profile with variation in the total leukocyte count and in the absolute values of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. Hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows showed significant changes due to the physiological adjustments required in response to the metabolic requirements imposed in the final stage of pregnancy and in the beginning of lactation, ensuring the nutritional contribution in energy and oxygen transported through the blood.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Important physiological changes affect the blood profile of ruminants during the growth phase, but few studies approach the factors involved in these dynamics in lambs. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of hematological parameters, of total plasma protein (TPP), and of fibrinogen in healthy female lambs during the first four months of life. Blood samples of 35 female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old to perform the complete blood count (CBC). The erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, TPP, and fibrinogen were determined. The means for total red blood cell (RBC) counts at 60 and 120 days differed (P < 0.05) from the initial mean, showing a peak of 13.6 x 106 cells μL-1 at 60 days old. The mean values for packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration increased (P < 0.05) until 90 days and decreased at 120 days (36.6% to 33.7% and 11.4 g dL-1 to 10.6 g dL-1 between 90 and 120 days, respectively). The means for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P < 0.05) between 30 and 120 days (27.5 μm3 to 29.7 μm3 and 26.6% to 31.4%, respectively). The total white blood cell (WBC) count increased (P < 0.05) and reached a peak at 90 days (9,314 cells μL-1). The peaks for segmented neutrophils (5,141 cells μL-1) and lymphocyte counts (4,236 cells μL-1) occurred at 60 and 90 days, respectively. The means for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were similar (P > 0.05) between the ages (mean of 1.8) but higher than the reference value for adult sheep (0.5). The initial mean for eosinophil counts (2 cells μL-1) was lower (P < 0.05) than all subsequent ones, and the monocyte count showed the lowest level (P < 0.05) at 120 days (232 cells μL-1). The mean for TPP at 60 days (6.4 g dL-1) was higher (P < 0.05) than the other ages.(AU)

Important physiological changes affect the blood profile of ruminants during the growth phase, but few studies approach the factors involved in these dynamics in lambs. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of hematological parameters, of total plasma protein (TPP), and of fibrinogen in healthy female lambs during the first four months of life. Blood samples of 35 female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old to perform the complete blood count (CBC). The erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, TPP, and fibrinogen were determined. The means for total red blood cell (RBC) counts at 60 and 120 days differed (P < 0.05) from the initial mean, showing a peak of 13.6 x 106 cells μL-1 at 60 days old. The mean values for packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration increased (P < 0.05) until 90 days and decreased at 120 days (36.6% to 33.7% and 11.4 g dL-1 to 10.6 g dL-1 between 90 and 120 days, respectively). The means for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P < 0.05) between 30 and 120 days (27.5 μm3 to 29.7 μm3 and 26.6% to 31.4%, respectively). The total white blood cell (WBC) count increased (P < 0.05) and reached a peak at 90 days (9,314 cells μL-1). The peaks for segmented neutrophils (5,141 cells μL-1) and lymphocyte counts (4,236 cells μL-1) occurred at 60 and 90 days, respectively. The means for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were similar (P > 0.05) between the ages (mean of 1.8) but higher than the reference value for adult sheep (0.5). The initial mean for eosinophil counts (2 cells μL-1) was lower (P < 0.05) than all subsequent ones, and the monocyte count showed the lowest level (P < 0.05) at 120 days (232 cells μL-1). The mean for TPP at 60 days (6.4 g dL-1) was higher (P < 0.05) than the other ages.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The erythrogram is one of the components of the blood count that includes red blood cell (RBC) quantification and evaluation. A correct interpretation and validation of the results obtained in an erythrogram require experience and critical awareness of health professionals. It is imperative to evaluate the interference of physiological variables, collection procedures, manipulation of samples and endogenous variables (such as the presence of cold agglutinin autoantibodies), since these may falsify the results obtained. Cold agglutinin autoantibodies are predominantly immunoglobulin type M (IgM), which cause agglutination of RBC at temperatures below 37°C, and may appear in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and atypical pneumonia, among other pathologies. The presence of erythrocyte agglutination interferes with RBC and reticulocyte counts, determination of the globular volume and the blood count indices. A set of laboratorial procedures may be performed in order to eliminate the interference of these agglutinins in the results of the erythrogram. If these procedures do not correct the values obtained, the only result of the erythrogram that can be validated is hemoglobin, since the remaining results are falsified due to the presence of cold agglutinin autoantibodies.

RESUMO O eritrograma é um dos componentes do hemograma que inclui a quantificação e a avaliação eritrocitária. Uma correta interpretação e validação dos resultados obtidos em um eritrograma requer experiência e sentido crítico dos profissionais de saúde. Torna-se imperativo avaliar a interferência de variáveis fisiológicas e de colheita, a manipulação das amostras e as variáveis endógenas (como a presença de crioaglutininas), uma vez que estas podem falsear os resultados obtidos. As crioaglutininas são autoanticorpos predominantemente do tipo imunoglobulina da classe M (IgM), as quais provocam aglutinação dos eritrócitos a temperaturas inferiores a 37°C, podendo aparecer em casos de anemia hemolítica autoimune e pneumonias atípicas, entre outras patologias. A presença de aglutinação eritrocitária interfere na contagem de eritrócitos, reticulócitos, determinação do volume globular e dos índices hematimétricos. Laboratorialmente, existe um conjunto de procedimentos que podem ser executados de modo a eliminar a interferência dessas aglutininas nos resultados do eritrograma. Caso esses procedimentos não corrijam os valores obtidos, o único resultado do eritrograma que poderá ser validado é o da hemoglobina, visto que os resultados restantes estão falseados devido à presença de crioaglutininas.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT This study describes the hematological and biometric characteristics of male and female Gymnotus species from the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Fifty adult specimens of Gymnotus inaequilabiatus were weighed, measured, and then euthanized. Blood was collected by puncturing the celiac mesenteric vein to determine the hematocrit, hemoglobin content, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose level, absolute value of leukocytes, and relative value of leukocytes and thrombocytes. Body weight and relative condition factor did not differ (P > 0.05) between the sexes, as well as erythrogram and the blood glucose values. Hematocrit ranged from 18.0% to 54.0%; hemoglobin from 1.1 to 14.7 g dL-1; number of erythrocytes from 0.2 × 106 to 3.8 ×106 µL-1; MCV from 24.2 to 321.7 fL; and MCHC from 4.2 to 44.5 g dL-1. In the differential count were identified thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, immature leukocytes, and PAS-positive granular leukocyte (PAS-GL). Females had a higher percentage of immature leukocytes (P < 0.05) than males. Glucose levels, erythrogram, leukogram, and the morphology of defense cells are comparable to other fish species of the Pantanal. Thrombocytes were the most frequent defense cells, followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica de alguns parâmetros hematológicos em cordeiros recém-nascidos sadios, antes e após a ingestão de colostro. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 28 cordeiros recém-nascidos, determinando-se o eritroleucograma, as concentrações de proteína plasmática total (PPT) e de fibrinogênio nos momentos pré e pós-colostro. Os dados foram analisados comparando-se a variabilidade dos parâmetros entre os dois momentos. O hematócrito (P<0,001), a concentração de hemoglobina (P<0,05) e o volume globular médio (VGM) (P<0,05) diminuíram após a ingestão de colostro, enquanto a concentração de hemoglobina globular média (CHGM) aumentou (P<0,01) no momento pós-colostro. Houve aumento no número de leucócitos totais (P<0,001) e nas contagens absolutas de neutrófilos segmentados (P<0,05) e de linfócitos (P<0,01) após a ingestão de colostro. As concentrações de PPT e de fibrinogênio também aumentaram no momento pós-colostro (P<0,001 e P<0,01, respectivamente). O eritroleucograma, as concentrações de PPT e de fibrinogênio variam consideravelmente antes e após a ingestão de colostro, sendo modificados em função da própria ingestão do colostro e/ou da adaptação dos processos fisiológicos do animal à vida extrauterina. Portanto, recomenda-se que a interpretação de hemogramas realizados em cordeiros recém-nascidos seja feita com base em intervalos de referência específicos para o período neonatal.

The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of some hematological parameters in healthy newborn lambs before and after colostrum intake. Blood samples of 28 newborn lambs were collected, determining the erythro-leukogram, the total plasma protein (TPP) and fibrinogen concentrations in pre and post-colostrum moments. The data were analyzed comparing the variability of the parameters between the two moments. The packed cell volume (P<0.001), the hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P<0.05) decreased after colostrum intake, while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P<0.01) at the post-colostrum moment. There was an increase in the total white blood cell count (P<0.001) and in the absolute counts of segmented neutrophils (P<0.05) and lymphocytes (P<0.01) after colostrum intake. The TPP and fibrinogen concentrations also increased at the post-colostrum moment (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). The erythro-leukogram, the TPP and fibrinogen concentrations vary considerably before and after colostrum intake, being modified according to the own colostrum intake and/or the adaptation of the physiological processes of the animal to the extrauterine life. Therefore, it is recommended that the interpretation of complete blood cell counts performed in newborn lambs be made based on the specific reference intervals for the neonatal period.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Important physiological changes affect the blood profile of ruminants during the growth phase, but few studies approach the factors involved in these dynamics in lambs. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of hematological parameters, of total plasma protein (TPP), and of fibrinogen in healthy female lambs during the first four months of life. Blood samples of 35 female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old to perform the complete blood count (CBC). The erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, TPP, and fibrinogen were determined. The means for total red blood cell (RBC) counts at 60 and 120 days differed (P 0.05) between the ages (mean of 1.8) but higher than the reference value for adult sheep (0.5). The initial mean for eosinophil counts (2 cells μL-1) was lower (P < 0.05) than all subsequent ones, and the monocyte count showed the lowest level (P < 0.05) at 120 days (232 cells μL-1). The mean for TPP at 60 days (6.4 g dL-1) was higher (P < 0.05) than the other ages.

Important physiological changes affect the blood profile of ruminants during the growth phase, but few studies approach the factors involved in these dynamics in lambs. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of hematological parameters, of total plasma protein (TPP), and of fibrinogen in healthy female lambs during the first four months of life. Blood samples of 35 female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days old to perform the complete blood count (CBC). The erythrocyte and leukocyte parameters, TPP, and fibrinogen were determined. The means for total red blood cell (RBC) counts at 60 and 120 days differed (P 0.05) between the ages (mean of 1.8) but higher than the reference value for adult sheep (0.5). The initial mean for eosinophil counts (2 cells μL-1) was lower (P < 0.05) than all subsequent ones, and the monocyte count showed the lowest level (P < 0.05) at 120 days (232 cells μL-1). The mean for TPP at 60 days (6.4 g dL-1) was higher (P < 0.05) than the other ages.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica de alguns parâmetros hematológicos em cordeiros recém-nascidos sadios, antes e após a ingestão de colostro. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 28 cordeiros recém-nascidos, determinando-se o eritroleucograma, as concentrações de proteína plasmática total (PPT) e de fibrinogênio nos momentos pré e pós-colostro. Os dados foram analisados comparando-se a variabilidade dos parâmetros entre os dois momentos. O hematócrito (P<0,001), a concentração de hemoglobina (P<0,05) e o volume globular médio (VGM) (P<0,05) diminuíram após a ingestão de colostro, enquanto a concentração de hemoglobina globular média (CHGM) aumentou (P<0,01) no momento pós-colostro. Houve aumento no número de leucócitos totais (P<0,001) e nas contagens absolutas de neutrófilos segmentados (P<0,05) e de linfócitos (P<0,01) após a ingestão de colostro. As concentrações de PPT e de fibrinogênio também aumentaram no momento pós-colostro (P<0,001 e P<0,01, respectivamente). O eritroleucograma, as concentrações de PPT e de fibrinogênio variam consideravelmente antes e após a ingestão de colostro, sendo modificados em função da própria ingestão do colostro e/ou da adaptação dos processos fisiológicos do animal à vida extrauterina. Portanto, recomenda-se que a interpretação de hemogramas realizados em cordeiros recém-nascidos seja feita com base em intervalos de referência específicos para o período neonatal.(AU)

The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of some hematological parameters in healthy newborn lambs before and after colostrum intake. Blood samples of 28 newborn lambs were collected, determining the erythro-leukogram, the total plasma protein (TPP) and fibrinogen concentrations in pre and post-colostrum moments. The data were analyzed comparing the variability of the parameters between the two moments. The packed cell volume (P<0.001), the hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P<0.05) decreased after colostrum intake, while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P<0.01) at the post-colostrum moment. There was an increase in the total white blood cell count (P<0.001) and in the absolute counts of segmented neutrophils (P<0.05) and lymphocytes (P<0.01) after colostrum intake. The TPP and fibrinogen concentrations also increased at the post-colostrum moment (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). The erythro-leukogram, the TPP and fibrinogen concentrations vary considerably before and after colostrum intake, being modified according to the own colostrum intake and/or the adaptation of the physiological processes of the animal to the extrauterine life. Therefore, it is recommended that the interpretation of complete blood cell counts performed in newborn lambs be made based on the specific reference intervals for the neonatal period.(AU)

Assuntos