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1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(6): 728-743, dic. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388889

RESUMO

Resumen La hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) es una emergencia médico-quirúrgica común que debe ser tratada precozmente por su alta morbimortalidad. Corresponde a sangrado del esófago, estómago o del duodeno proximal, y se divide en etiología no variceal y variceal. Dentro de las no variceales destaca la úlcera péptica como la más frecuente, siendo esta producida por un desbalance entre factores protectores y agresivos. Por otro lado, en las hemorragias variceales destacan las várices gastroduodenales, las cuales son consecuencia del aumento de la presión portal. La incidencia de la HDA a nivel mundial varía entre 37 a 172 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes por año y la mortalidad entre un 5 y un 14% según diferentes estudios. Lamentablemente, no existen cifras nacionales fidedignas de incidencia y prevalencia. El médico debe conocer bien la presentación clínica y la fisiopatología para ser asertivo en la sospecha, diagnóstico y manejo de esta patología. En cuanto al tratamiento, el enfrentamiento se divide en el manejo de urgencias y luego endoscópico, puesto que la resucitación temprana intensiva puede reducir la morbimortalidad en pacientes con HDA. A continuación se hará una revisión actualizada enfocada en los aspectos más relevantes del manejo de esta patología. Se obtuvieron los datos de Pubmed y Scielo, específicamente la búsqueda de artículos originales y de revisiones sistemáticas con las palabras "hemorragia digestiva alta", "úlcera péptica", "várices esofágicas" y otras relacionadas. Los criterios usados fueron artículos preferentemente menores a 5 años de publicación en revistas científicas de alto índice de impacto.


Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UHD) is a common medical-surgical emergency that must be treated early due to its high morbidity and mortality. It corresponds to bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, or proximal duodenum, and is divided into non-variceal and variceal etiology. Among the non-variceal, the peptic ulcer stands out as the most frequent, being this produced by an imbalance between protective and aggressive factors. On the other hand, in variceal hemorrhages gastroduodenal varices stand out, are a consequence of increased portal pressure. The incidence of HDA worldwide varies between 37 to 172 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year and mortality between 5 to 14% according to different studies. Unfortunately, there are no reliable national statistics of incidence and prevalence. The physician must have a good understanding of the clinical presentation and pathophysiology to be assertive in the suspicion, diagnosis, and management of this pathology. Regarding treatment, the confrontation is divided into emergency management and then endoscopic, because early intensive resuscitation can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with UHD. This is an updated review which will be focused on the most relevant aspects of the management of this pathology. Data were obtained from Pubmed and Scielo, specifically searching for original articles and systematic reviews with the words "upper gastrointestinal bleeding", "peptic ulcer", "esophageal varices" and other related words. The criteria used were articles preferably less than 5 years old in scientific journals with a high impact index.


Assuntos
Humanos , Esôfago/cirurgia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Úlcera Péptica , Estômago/cirurgia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Endoscopia/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Mallory-Weiss
2.
P R Health Sci J ; 40(1): 56-58, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33876921

RESUMO

Small-bowel bleeding is a relatively uncommon event of gastrointestinal bleeding. Some causes of small-bowel bleeding, such as vascular lesions, are still challenging to confirm, despite the use of various diagnostic modalities (e.g., capsule endoscopy, deep enteroscopy, and radiographic imaging). Vascular lesion-induced bleeding tends to be insidious and intermittent, but sometimes it can be massive and fatal, so that the timing of an endoscopy is critical. We describe herein the case of an elderly female patient with Dieulafoy's lesion-induced small-bowel bleeding presenting with recurrent melena. In this article, we describe how the cause of her bleeding was found and how the bleeding was stopped endoscopically. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of a small-bowel Dieulafoy's lesion and its endoscopic treatment.


Assuntos
Endoscopia por Cápsula , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/irrigação sanguínea , Idoso , Artérias/anormalidades , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Hemostase Endoscópica , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/cirurgia , Melena/etiologia , Recidiva
3.
Ear Nose Throat J ; 98(5): E24-E26, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30961387

RESUMO

Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is an unusual phenomenon that may occur anywhere along the skull base. However, CSF leaks originating from clival defects are rarely reported in the literature. The majority of reported cases were managed with microscopic techniques, using free grafts. The present study discusses a case of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea from a clival defect closed with our transnasal operative approach using endoscopic techniques. The skull base defect was successfully managed with an endoscopic binostril approach to create a nasal septal flap pedicled at the sphenopalatine artery, while also preserving the integrity of the nasal septum.


Assuntos
Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Fossa Craniana Posterior , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifício Natural/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/diagnóstico , Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/etiologia , Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/cirurgia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Fossa Craniana Posterior/patologia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Septo Nasal/cirurgia , Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Cir Cir ; 86(3): 244-249, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29950732

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El divertículo de Zenker es una enfermedad rara en la población general. Su tratamiento puede llevarse a cabo mediante un enfoque endoscópico o quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Reportar la experiencia en el manejo del divertículo de Zenker en un centro de enseñanza de tercer nivel. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, en el que fueron analizados los expedientes de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de divertículo de Zenker desde la formación de la clínica de tracto digestivo superior del Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 14 casos con diagnóstico de divertículo de Zenker, 10 tratados con técnica transoral y 4 por cirugía abierta. Se presentaron tres recidivas en la técnica transoral y ninguna con la técnica abierta. En cuanto a las complicaciones, hubo una lesión dental con la técnica transoral y una fístula esofágica con cirugía abierta, que fue manejada con sonda nasoyeyunal colocada por endoscopia hasta el cierre espontáneo de la fístula. CONCLUSIÓN: El grapado transoral es una técnica con buenos resultados estéticos, pero en nuestra experiencia presenta mayor recurrencia que la cirugía abierta, por lo que debemos realizar un seguimiento a largo plazo de nuestros pacientes. BACKGROUND: Zenker diverticulum is a rare disease in the general population. Its treatment can be carried out by either an endoscopic or surgical approach. OBJECTIVE: To report the experience in the management of the Zenker diverticulum in a tertiary education center. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study in which the files of all patients with diagnosis of Zenker diverticulum were analyzed from the formation of the upper digestive tract clinic of the General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. RESULTS: We found 14 cases with diagnosis of Zenker diverticulum, 10 treated with transoral technique and 4 for open surgery. Three recurrences in the transoral technique, no relapse with open technique. In terms of complications, one dental lesion was presented in the technique transoral, and one esophageal fistula in open surgery, managed with a nasojejunal tube placed by endoscopy until the spontaneous closure of said fistula. CONCLUSIONS: Transoral stapling is a technique with good aesthetic results. However, in our experience, it has a greater recurrence than open surgery, which is why we must carry out a long-term follow-up of our patients.


Assuntos
Esofagoscopia , Divertículo de Zenker/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , México , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 33(2): 145-149, abr.-jun. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-960052

RESUMO

Resumen El sangrado varicoso es una urgencia médica con altas tasas de morbimortalidad. De los pacientes que llegan para recibir manejo hospitalario, hasta un 10% no responden a medidas hemostáticas convencionales, por lo que se ha planteado el uso de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles para el manejo con resultados prometedores de dichos pacientes. En el presente documento se discute la literatura mundial disponible acerca de la experiencia en el uso de dichos dispositivos; la eficacia en el control agudo; el pronóstico a largo plazo; el tipo de prótesis utilizadas y las alternativas, complicaciones y retos del manejo de pacientes con esta técnica, que puede considerarse emergente en nuestro medio.


Abstract Variceal bleeding is a medical emergency which has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Up to 10% of these patients treated in hospitals do not respond to conventional hemostatic measures. For this reason, the use of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) has been proposed for management of these patients. It has had promising results. This paper discusses the literature available internationally about experience with the use of SEMS, their efficacy for acute control, long-term patient prognoses, types of stents, alternatives, complications, and challenges for the use of SEMS for patient management that should be considered in our environment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Próteses e Implantes , Stents , Hemorragia , Prognóstico
6.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 33(2): 180-184, abr.-jun. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-960058

RESUMO

Resumen Los quistes de duplicación esofágica son una anomalía congénita poco frecuente. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos y su diagnóstico frecuentemente es un hallazgo incidental. La posibilidad de que se desarrollen complicaciones (hemorragia, infección, entre otras) y el temor a la posibilidad de transformación maligna hacen que el tratamiento de estas lesiones haya sido considerado quirúrgico en el pasado. Sin embargo, la extremadamente baja tasa de malignización y la posibilidad de un desenlace inadecuado asociado con la cirugía hacen considerar otras alternativas, teniendo en cuenta la relación riesgo-beneficio del procedimiento quirúrgico. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 56 años con diagnóstico endosonográfico de quiste de duplicación esofágica, que fue sometida a marsupialización endoscópica del quiste con una resolución completa de sus síntomas, sin complicaciones y con una reintegración inmediata a la vida diaria. La endosonografía (EUS) ha sido ampliamente utilizada como una herramienta para la evaluación y el diagnóstico de los quistes de duplicación. Es el método diagnóstico de elección para investigar esta patología ya que puede distinguir entre lesiones sólidas y quísticas. La cuestión de si se debe realizar o no la aspiración con aspiración con aguja fina guiada por EUS (FNA) en una lesión sospechosa, en el caso de un quiste de duplicación, es controvertida ya que estas lesiones pueden infectarse con consecuencias significativas, aunque frecuentemente se requiere que la punción obtenga un diagnóstico definitivo que descarte lesiones ominosas.


Abstract Esophageal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies. Most cases are asymptomatic and their diagnoses are often incidental findings. In the past, surgery was considered to be the treatment for these lesions because of the possibility of complications such as hemorrhaging and infections as well as the fear of malignant transformation. However, the extremely low rate of malignancy and the possibility of an inadequate outcomes of surgery have made it necessary to consider other alternatives that taking both risks and benefits of the surgical procedure into account. We report the case of a 56-year-old patient with an endosonographic diagnosis of an esophageal duplication cyst who underwent endoscopic marsupialization of the cyst followed by complete resolution of symptoms, without complications, and with immediate reintegration into daily life. Endosonography (EUS) has been widely used as a tool for evaluation and diagnosis of duplication cysts. It is the diagnostic method of choice for investigating this pathology since it can distinguish between solid and cystic lesions. The question of whether or not to perform EUS guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a lesion suspected of being a duplication cyst is controversial since these lesions can be infected with significant consequences. Nevertheless, EUS-FNA is often required to make a definitive diagnosis that rules out ominous lesions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Terapêutica , Endossonografia , Cistos , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico , Anormalidades Congênitas , Medição de Risco , Infecções
7.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex ; 81(1): 35-47, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26552500

RESUMO

Obesity is a serious disorder in almost the entire world. It is an important risk factor for a series of conditions that affect and threaten health. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, and in addition to the resulting weight loss, it reduces morbidity in this population. There has been a significant increase in the number of obese patients operated on. Despite the success of bariatric surgery, an important group of patients still present with major postoperative complications. In order for endoscopy to effectively contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of complications deriving from obesity surgery, the gastroenterologist must be aware of the particularities involved in bariatric surgery. The present article is a review of the resulting anatomic aspects of the main surgical techniques employed, the most common postoperative symptoms, the potential complications, and the possibilities that endoscopic diagnosis and treatment offer. Endoscopy is a growing and continuously evolving method in the treatment of bariatric surgery complications. The aim of this review is to contribute to the preparation of gastroenterologists so they can offer adequate endoscopic diagnosis and treatment to this high-risk population.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Endoscopia/métodos , Gastroenterologistas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem
8.
Univ. med ; 53(3): 323-332, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-682058

RESUMO

Las fístulas traqueoesofágicas recurrentes (FTER) continúan siendo un reto terapéutico debido a las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas con su manejo quirúrgico abierto y su recurrencia frecuente. Las técnicas endoscópicas aportan un abordaje alternativo con el potencial de mejorar los resultados y desenlaces quirúrgicos. Se presenta un caso de cierre o reparo endoscópico de FTER mediante el uso de broncoscopia y esofagoscopia, así como una combinación entre técnica con electrocauterio y pegante tisular. Se considera que esta técnica puede representar una alternativa válida para el manejo de esta patología. Igualmente, se señala la importancia de considerar la fístula traqueoesofágica un diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes pediátricos con infecciones respiratorias recurrentes...


Recurrent Tracheoesophageal Fistulas (RTEF) remainsa therapeutic challenge, cause of the highrates of morbidity and mortality associated withopen surgical closure and their frequent recurrence.Endoscopic techniques provide an alternativeapproach with the potential for improved surgicaloutcomes. We present a case of successful repairof recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula using bronchoscopyand esophagoscopy, as well as a combinedtechnique with electrocautery and fibrin glue.We believe this might represent a valid alternativefor the management of RTEF. We also want topoint out the importance of considering primaryor recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula in pediatricpatients with recurrent respiratory tract infections...


Assuntos
Fístula Traqueoesofágica , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia
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