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Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con riesgo de mortalidad que se puede originar por un tratamiento odontológico. Por ello, los cirujanos dentistas deben tener conocimientos básicos sobre la prevención de endocarditis infecciosa. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa previa a procedimientos odontológicos en estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de estomatología. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo y transversal cuya muestra estuvo formada por 74 estudiantes de pregrado y 234 de posgrado de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur en el año 2019. Se empleó un cuestionario previo validado en el Perú, conformado por 20 preguntas de opción múltiple y dividido en 4 dimensiones (epidemiología, etiopatogenia, indicación y farmacología de la profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa). Los resultados se categorizaron en nivel de conocimiento bajo, regular y alto. Resultados: El 73,1 % de los estudiantes presentó un nivel de conocimiento global bajo, mientras que el 23,7 % presentó un nivel regular y el 3,2 %; un nivel alto. La calificación promedio fue 8,71 ± 2,78 [IC95 % 8,40 a 9,10]. Los estudiantes de pregrado tuvieron un puntaje de 8,64 ± 2,72 [IC95 % 8,01 a 9,26] y los de posgrado; 8,74 ± 2,80 [IC95 % 8,38 a 9,10]. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento sobre profilaxis antibiótica para la prevención de endocarditis infecciosa previa a procedimientos odontológicos es bajo en pregrado y posgrado.

Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a potentially life-threatening disease that can be caused by dental treatment. Therefore, dental surgeons should have basic knowledge about the prevention of infective endocarditis. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis prior to dental procedures in undergraduate and postgraduate students of stomatology at the Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima - Peru. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 74 undergraduate and 234 graduate students of the Universidad Cientifica del Sur Stomatology career in 2019. A questionnaire previously validated in Peru was used, consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and divided into 4 dimensions (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, indication, and pharmacology of antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis). The results were categorized into low, regular, and high levels of knowledge. Results: 73.1% of the students presented a low level of global knowledge, while 23.7% presented a regular level, and 3.2% a high level. The average score was 8.71 ± 2.78 [95% CI 8.40 to 9.10]. Undergraduate students had a score of 8.64 ± 2.72 [95% CI 8.01 to 9.26] and graduate students; 8.74 ± 2.80 [95% CI 8.38 to 9.10]. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis prior to dental procedures was predominantly low in undergraduate and postgraduate students.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a condição de saúde bucal em pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver endocardite infecciosa atendidos em um hospital de referência do Brasil. Métodos: Utilizou-se de dados secundários obtidos de prontuários de pacientes internados na enfermaria de cardiologia do Hospital Dom Pedro II. Os dados foram coletados utilizando uma ficha padronizada a partir da evolução odontológica dos pacientes, na qual estão registradas, as informações obtidas na consulta, contidas no prontuário médico, bem como as informações de saúde bucal. Após a coleta, os dados categorizados em alto e baixo risco de endocardite e analisados através do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fisher, considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Um total de 583 prontuários de adultos admitidos na enfermaria de cardiologia no período de janeiro de 2017 a agosto de 2020 foram analisados. Destes foram incluídos na amostra do estudo 216 prontuários. A prevalência de endocardite infecciosa foi de 11,5% (n =18) e o risco de endocardite infecciosa foi considerado alto para a maioria (n = 196; 93,3%). Queixa oral foi reportada por 15,1% (n = 30) e a higiene oral foi considerada como deficiente para a maior parte dos pacientes (n = 95; 48,7%). A necessidade de tratamento odontológico foi verificada em 66,5% da amostra (n = 119). Conclusão: A condição de saúde bucal dos pacientes com condições cardíacas predisponentes a infecção por endocardite não é satisfatória. Uma boa parte apresenta necessidades de tratamento invasivo, o que aumenta o risco de bacteremias.

Aim: To assess the oral health status of patients at high risk of developing infective endocarditis treated at a referral hospital in Brazil. Methods: Secondary data obtained from medical records of patients admitted to the cardiology ward of Hospital Dom Pedro II were used. Data were collected using a standardized form based on the patients' dental evolution, in which the information obtained in the consultation was contained in the medical record, as well as the oral health information was recorded. After collection, the data were categorized into high and low risk of endocarditis and analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 583 medical records of adults admitted to the cardiology ward from January 2017 to August 2020 were analyzed. Of these, 216 medical records were included in the study sample. The prevalence of infective endocarditis was 11.5% (n =18), and the risk of infective endocarditis was considered high for the majority (n = 196; 93.3%). Oral complaints were reported by 15.1% (n = 30), and oral hygiene was considered deficient for most patients (n = 95; 48.7%). The need for dental treatment was verified in 66.5% of the sample (n = 119). Conclusion: The oral health status of patients with cardiac conditions predisposing to endocarditis infection is not satisfactory. A considerable portion needs invasive treatment, which increases the risk of bacteremia.

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Abstract Objective: To determine the dental health of children with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) and to evaluate the parents' knowledge of the importance of oral health and the risk of Bacterial Endocarditis. Material and Methods: This research included 140 children divided into the study group (80 children with CHD) and the control group (60 healthy children). The children were from different parts of Kosova, aged between 3-15. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire containing demographic data (age and gender), general and special medical history (CHD types), knowledge about oral health importance and risk of bacterial endocarditis, and data about the daily oral hygiene child. The caries experience was reported using the DMFT/dmft index. Results: The average value of the dmft index was 6.7 for the study group and 5.62 for the control group, while the average value of DMFT index for the study group was 4.1, and for the control group was 3.47 (p>0.05). About 68.7% of parents of children with CHD were informed about their risk during dental interventions. However, knowledge was insufficient about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures once only 32.7% of them were aware of those measures. Conclusion: No difference was observed between healthy and CHD children in caries experience and frequency of daily tooth brushing. Our findings provide evidence of a lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures among parents with CHD children (AU).

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INTRODUCTION: Destructive aortic root endocarditis is associated with high mortality rates. The objective of this article was to characterize the clinical and microbiological profiles of these patients, especially concerning an already implanted aortic valve prosthesis. We also focused on prognostic factors. METHODS: Eighty patients underwent aortic root replacement due to destructive endocarditis from 1999 to 2018 in our institution. We analyzed their pre, intra, and postoperative data, outcomes, and predictors of mortality. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients had native valve endocarditis (NVE), eight patients had early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), and 41 patients had late-onset PVE. Streptococcus was found in 19.4% of NVE cases and no PVE case. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was responsible for 62.5% of the cases of early-onset PVE. Thirty-four (42.5%) patients had received inappropriate antibiotics before admission. No microorganism was associated with higher risk of mortality. Aortoventricular dehiscence was identified as an independent risk factor of mortality along with PVE, concomitant bypass surgery, and delayed diagnosis. The incidence of postoperative complications was similar in all three groups. Rates of long-term survival (P=0.044) and freedom from the composite endpoint (P=0.024) defined as death, stroke, aortic valve reinfection, and aortic valve reoperation were the lowest within the NVE group and the highest among the PVE patients. CONCLUSION: In endocarditis, prolonged diagnostics, inadequate antimicrobial treatment, and late surgery led to destructive local complications and worsened the prognosis. PVE is associated with higher mortality than NVE.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad mortal. A pesar de las mejoras en su manejo, se asocia a una elevada mortalidad y complicaciones graves. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes diagnosticados con EI en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley, en el período de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley, en el período de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2020. La población en estudio la constituyeron los 34 pacientes diagnosticados según los criterios de Duke modificados. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, válvula afectada, localización, estado al egreso, manifestaciones clínicas y exámenes complementarios practicados. Mediante la estadística descriptiva se realizó el cálculo de frecuencia absoluta, media aritmética con desviación estándar y cálculo porcentual. Las variables cuantitativas fueron comparadas según la t de Student. Resultados: el grupo etario más afectado fue el de 61 - 70, sin diferencias entre sexos. Los casos asociados a dispositivos intracardiacos prevalecieron. Se determinaron valores de hemoglobina (105,2g/dL DE±13,0), leucograma (16,8mmol/L DE±0,2), Proteína C reactiva (96,2mg/L DE±3,2), eritrosedimentación (101,0 mm/h DE±20,1), y creatinina (149,0 mmol/L DE±24,3). En el 59 % de los casos no se pudo determinar agente causal. Conclusiones: la endocarditis infecciosa es más frecuente en adultos mayores sin distinción de sexos. Predominan los casos con dispositivos intracardiacos, los cuales en su mayoría presentan valores elevados de leucograma eritrosedimentación, creatinina y de Proteína C reactiva. En la mayoría, los hemocultivos resultaron negativos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: infective endocarditis is a fatal disease. Despite improvements in its management, it is still associated with high mortality rate and severe complications. Objective: to characterize patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted at Celia Sanchez Manduley Clinical-surgical Teaching Hospital, in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. The study population comprised 34 patients diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, affected valve, and location, status at discharge, clinical manifestations and complementary examinations performed. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate absolute frequency, arithmetic mean with standard deviation and percentage calculation. Quantitative variables were compared according to Student's t test. Results: the most affected age group was 61 - 70, with no differences between sexes. Cases associated with intracardiac devices prevailed. Hemoglobin (105,2g/dL DE±13,0), leukogram (16,8mmol/L DE±0,2), C-reactive protein (96,2mg/L DE±3.2), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (101,0 mm/h DE±20,1), and creatinine (149,0 mmol/L DE±24,3) were determined. In 59 % of the cases no causative agent could be determined. Conclusions: infective endocarditis is more frequent in older adults without distinction of sex. Cases with Intracardiac devices predominate, most of them presenting elevated values of leukogram, erythrocyte sedimentation, creatinine and C-reactive protein. Blood cultures were negative in most cases.

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Aortic valve endocarditis can lead to secondary involvement of aorto-mitral curtain and the adjacent anterior mitral leaflet (AML). The secondary damage to AML is often caused by the infected jet of aortic regurgitation hitting the ventricular surface of the mitral leaflet, or by the pronounced bacterial vegetation that prolapses from the aortic valve into the left ventricular outflow tract. This is called 'kissing lesion'. We describe a patient with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve causing perforation of both noncoronary cusp of aortic valve and the AML, which is rare.

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Abstract Aortic valve endocarditis can lead to secondary involvement of aorto-mitral curtain and the adjacent anterior mitral leaflet (AML). The secondary damage to AML is often caused by the infected jet of aortic regurgitation hitting the ventricular surface of the mitral leaflet, or by the pronounced bacterial vegetation that prolapses from the aortic valve into the left ventricular outflow tract. This is called 'kissing lesion'. We describe a patient with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve causing perforation of both noncoronary cusp of aortic valve and the AML, which is rare.

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the heart valves or the mural endocardium that leads to the formation of vegetations composed of thrombotic debris and microorganisms often associated with the destruction of the cardiac tissues. Most of the infections are bacterial (bacterial endocarditis), although fungi and other microorganisms can be etiological agents. Causative organisms differ among the major high-risk groups. Virulent microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, commonly found on the skin, can infect normal or deformed valves and are responsible for 20-30% of all IE cases. Staphylococcus aureus is the major offender in IE among intravenous drug abusers. Acute infective endocarditis is typically caused by infection of a previously normal heart valve by a highly virulent organism (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) that rapidly produces necrotizing and destructive lesions. These infections may be difficult to cure with antibiotics, and despite appropriate treatment, death can ensue within days to weeks. Here we present autopsy findings of a 31-year-old male patient who died of acute infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze patients' preoperative characteristics, surgical data, postoperative courses, and short- and long-term outcomes after implantation of different full-root prostheses for destructive aortic valve endocarditis. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2018, 80 patients underwent aortic root replacement due to infective endocarditis in our institution. We analyzed the abovementioned data with standard statistical methods. RESULTS: The Freestyle stentless porcine prostheses were implanted in 53 (66.25%) patients, biological valve conduits in 13 (16.25%), aortic root homografts in nine (11.25%), and mechanical valve conduits in five (6.25%). There were no significant preoperative differences between the groups. The incidence of postoperative complications and intensive care unit length of stay did not differ significantly between the groups. The 30-day mortality rate was low among Freestyle patients (n=8, 15.1%) and high in the mechanical conduit cohort (n=3, 60%), though with borderline statistical significance (P=0.055). The best mean survival rates were observed after homograft (13.7 years) and stentless prosthesis (8.1 years) implantation, followed by biological (2.8 years) and mechanical (1.4 years) conduits (P=0.014). The incidence of reoperations was low in the mechanical conduit group (0) and stentless bioroot group (n=1, 1.9%), but two (15.4%) patients with biological conduits and three (33.3%) patients with homografts required reoperations in the investigated follow-up period (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: In patients with the destructive form of aortic valve endocarditis, homografts and stentless porcine xenografts offer better survival rates than stented valve conduits; however, the reoperation rate among patients who received homograft valves is high.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze patients' preoperative characteristics, surgical data, postoperative courses, and short- and long-term outcomes after implantation of different full-root prostheses for destructive aortic valve endocarditis. Methods: Between 1999 and 2018, 80 patients underwent aortic root replacement due to infective endocarditis in our institution. We analyzed the abovementioned data with standard statistical methods. Results: The Freestyle stentless porcine prostheses were implanted in 53 (66.25%) patients, biological valve conduits in 13 (16.25%), aortic root homografts in nine (11.25%), and mechanical valve conduits in five (6.25%). There were no significant preoperative differences between the groups. The incidence of postoperative complications and intensive care unit length of stay did not differ significantly between the groups. The 30-day mortality rate was low among Freestyle patients (n=8, 15.1%) and high in the mechanical conduit cohort (n=3, 60%), though with borderline statistical significance (P=0.055). The best mean survival rates were observed after homograft (13.7 years) and stentless prosthesis (8.1 years) implantation, followed by biological (2.8 years) and mechanical (1.4 years) conduits (P=0.014). The incidence of reoperations was low in the mechanical conduit group (0) and stentless bioroot group (n=1, 1.9%), but two (15.4%) patients with biological conduits and three (33.3%) patients with homografts required reoperations in the investigated follow-up period (P=0.005). Conclusion: In patients with the destructive form of aortic valve endocarditis, homografts and stentless porcine xenografts offer better survival rates than stented valve conduits; however, the reoperation rate among patients who received homograft valves is high.

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Abstract Background: The association between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Infective Endocarditis (IE) is controversial in the literature, since many controversial results have been published. However, when evaluating specifically the evidence on IE and individuals with DM using insulin, we found only two observational studies that considered this variable, with discordant results regarding the prognosis and prevalence of Staphylococcus sp in insulin users compared to non-users. Despite the lack of evidence, in clinical practice the insulin use could be interpreted as minor criteria "injection drug use", using the modified Duke criteria for IE diagnosis. Objectives: To compare the microbiological and valvar profile, as well as the outcome of non-diabetic and diabetic patients with IE who were insulin users or not. Methods: This was an observational, analytical and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with IE between 2003 and 2015 in three tertiary care centers. A total of 211 patients were included, of which 17 were diabetics and 9 were insulin users. Patients were compared using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mortality from IE in diabetic individuals was higher than that of non-diabetic patients, but with no statistical significance (35.29% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.221), even when the groups were divided into insulin-user diabetic, non-insulin user diabetic and non-diabetic patients (33.3% vs. 37.5% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.229). There was a difference regarding the prevalence of IE caused by S. aureus (57.1% vs. 14.3% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.029) and the involvement of the tricuspid valve (33.3% vs. 0.00% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.034) among insulin users. Conclusion: In our sample, insulin use or the presence of DM did not mean higher in-hospital mortality from IE. It is not possible to generalize the microbiological and valvar findings due to the lack of studies evaluating insulin users in IE; however, particularities have been previously reported and may indicate a different behavior of IE in these patients. New studies considering the insulin use variable are required to elucidate the association between DM and IE.

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Abstract Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with severe complications and high mortality. The assessment of mortality rates and predictors for fatal events is important to identify modifiable factors related to the pattern of treatment, in order to improve outcomes. Objectives: We sought to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with IE and to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality. Methods: Retrospective single-center study including patients with IE admitted during a 10-year period (2006-2015). Data on comorbidities, clinical presentation, microbiology and clinical outcomes during hospitalization were evaluated. Risk factors of in-hospital death were analyzed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 134 cases were included (73% males, mean age of 61 ± 16 years-old). Half of them had previous valvular heart disease. Healthcare-associated IE and negative blood-cultures occurred in 22% and prosthetic IE in 25%. The aortic valve was the one most often affected by infection. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated microorganism. Forty-four (32.8%) patients underwent cardiac surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was 31.3% (42 patients). The identified risk factors for in-hospital mortality were Staphylococcus aureus etiology (OR 6.47; 95% CI: 1.07-39.01; p = 0.042), negative blood-cultures (OR 9.14; 95% CI: 1.42-58.77; p = 0.02), evidence of valve obstruction in echocardiography (OR 8.57; 95% CI: 1.11-66.25; p = 0.039), clinical evolution with heart failure (OR 4.98; 95%CI: 1.31-18.92; p = 0.018) or septic shock (OR 20.26; 95% CI: 4.04-101.74; p < 0.001). Cardiac surgery was a protective factor of mortality (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.65; p = 0.012). Conclusion: The risk factors for in-hospital mortality were clinical (heart failure, septic shock), evidence of valve obstruction in echocardiography, Staphylococcus aureus etiology or negative blood cultures. Invasive treatment by surgery significantly decreased the mortality risk.

Resumo Fundamento: A endocardite infecciosa (EI) está associada a complicações graves e alta mortalidade. A avaliação das taxas de mortalidade e preditores de eventos fatais é importante para identificar fatores modificáveis relacionados ao padrão de tratamento, com o objetivo de melhorar os desfechos. Objetivos: Avaliar os desfechos clínicos de pacientes com EI e determinar preditores de mortalidade hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de centro único, incluindo pacientes com EI admitidos durante um período de 10 anos (2006-2015). Foram avaliados dados de comorbidades, apresentação clínica, microbiologia e desfechos clínicos durante a internação. Foram analisados os fatores de risco de morte hospitalar. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 134 casos (73% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 61 ± 16 anos). Metade dos casos apresentava cardiopatia valvar prévia. A EI associada a cuidados de saúde e hemoculturas negativas ocorreram em 22%, e a EI associada a prótese em 25%. A válvula aórtica foi a mais frequentemente afetada por infecção. Staphylococcus aureus foi o microrganismo mais comumente isolado. Quarenta e quatro (32,8%) pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 31,3% (42 pacientes). Os fatores de risco identificados para mortalidade hospitalar foram etiologia do Staphylococcus aureus (OR 6,47; IC 95%: 1,07-39,01; p = 0,042), hemoculturas negativas (OR 9,14; IC 95%: 1,42-58,77; p = 0,02), evidência de obstrução valvar na ecocardiografia (OR 8,57; IC 95%: 1,11-66,25; p = 0,039), evolução clínica com insuficiência cardíaca (OR 4,98; IC 95%: 1,31-18,92; p = 0,018) ou choque séptico (OR 20,26; IC 95%: 4,04-101,74; p < 0,001). A cirurgia cardíaca foi um fator protetor de mortalidade (OR 0,14; IC95%: 0,03-0,65; p = 0,012). Conclusão: Os fatores de risco para mortalidade hospitalar foram clínicos (insuficiência cardíaca, choque séptico), evidência de obstrução valvar no ecocardiograma, etiologia do Staphylococcus aureus ou hemoculturas negativas. O tratamento invasivo por cirurgia diminuiu significativamente o risco de mortalidade.

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the heart valves or the mural endocardium that leads to the formation of vegetations composed of thrombotic debris and microorganisms often associated with the destruction of the cardiac tissues. Most of the infections are bacterial (bacterial endocarditis), although fungi and other microorganisms can be etiological agents. Causative organisms differ among the major high-risk groups. Virulent microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, commonly found on the skin, can infect normal or deformed valves and are responsible for 20-30% of all IE cases. Staphylococcus aureus is the major offender in IE among intravenous drug abusers. Acute infective endocarditis is typically caused by infection of a previously normal heart valve by a highly virulent organism (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) that rapidly produces necrotizing and destructive lesions. These infections may be difficult to cure with antibiotics, and despite appropriate treatment, death can ensue within days to weeks. Here we present autopsy findings of a 31-year-old male patient who died of acute infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism.

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Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with high mortality, especially among the most severe cases undergoing surgery. Aim To analyze the clinical features, perioperative mortality and long-term survival of patients with infective endocarditis requiring surgery. Material and Methods Review of medical records of patients who underwent heart valve surgery for active infective endocarditis in a public hospital between 1995 and 2008. Demographic characteristics and comorbidities were described. Perioperative and 10 year survival were analyzed retrieving death certificates from the Chilean Identification Service. Results Data from 103 patients aged 46 ± 14 years (74% males) was analyzed. Thirty five percent of patients had an underlying predisposing heart condition such as congenital heart disease in 18.5% and prosthetic valves in 10%. The most common location was the aortic valve and the most common surgical procedure was heart valve replacement with a mechanical prosthetic valve in 87% of the cases. Pathogen identification in blood cultures was achieved in 48% of the cases. The most common causative microorganisms were S. aureus in 12%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 11%, S. viridans in 10% and Enterococcus in 7%. Hospital mortality was 20.4% and ten-year survival was 65%. Conclusions Patients with severe IE requiring surgical treatment still have high perioperative and late mortality.

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ABSTRACT Infectious endocarditis (IE) by Bartonella species is an emerging problem worldwide. We report two cases of native valve Bartonella-associated IE events, both affecting adult male patients with a history of alcohol abuse and a low socioeconomic status. Admissions were due to pancytopenia and bleeding in one case and embolic stroke in the other. Blood cultures were negative and IgG indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were positive for B. henselae/B. quintana in high titers (1/16,384-1/16,384, and 1/32,768 -1/16,384, respectively). Cases were classified as definitive IE events according to modified Duke criteria due to the presence of valve vegetations with at least three minor criteria. One patient required aortic mechanical valve replacement and survived, and the other died after a massive hemorrhagic transformation of his stroke. PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal bacterial DNA from a valve tissue sample obtained at surgery in the patient who survived, confirmed B. quintana as the etiological agent. Bartonella-associated IE is an emerging problem in Chile, present in disadvantaged populations. It should be suspected in patients with culture-negative IE. IFA does not discriminate between B. henselae and B. quintana infection, but high titers suggest IE. Complementary PCR techniques may help to elucidate the final causative agent.

La endocarditis infecciosa(EI) asociada a Bartonella es un problema emergente a nivel mundial. Publicamos los 2 primeros casos de EI en válvula nativa asociados a Bartonella en Chile, los que afectaron a pacientes masculinos con historia de consumo de alcohol y bajos ingresos. La hospitalización fue provocada por pancitopenia y hemorragias en un caso y por un evento cerebrovascular en el otro. Se solicitó serología para Bartonella por inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) para ampliar el estudio ante hemocultivos negativos y en ambos casos se reportaron resultados intensamente positivos para B. henselae y B. quintana1/16.384-1/16.384 y 1/32.768 -1/16.384, respectivamente). Los casos se clasificaron como eventos definitivos de EI según los criterios modificados de Duke debido a la presencia de vegetaciones valvulares con al menos 3 criterios menores. Un paciente requirió reemplazo valvular aórtico y sobrevivió, y el otro falleció tras una transformación hemorrágica masiva del infarto cerebral. La amplificación del ADN ribosomal 16S por RCP y posterior secuenciación de una muestra de tejido valvular confirmó la presencia de B. quintana. La EI por Bartonella sp. es un problema emergente en Chile, probablemente asociada a poblaciones desfavorecidas, la que debe ser sospechada en pacientes con cultivos negativos. La IFI no permite discriminar infecciones por B. henselae o B. quintana pero los títulos altos sugieren EI. Técnicas complementarias por RCP pueden ayudar a dilucidar el diagnóstico.

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Resumen: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad infrecuente, heterogénea en su presentación, con una alta mortalidad global y frecuente indicación de cirugía cardíaca. Presentamos el caso de una joven con EI a S. caprae y múltiples embolias preoperatorias graves. Dado que se presenta al ingreso con infección en curso, absceso esplénico y vegetación remanente de muy alto riesgo embólico, plantea un dilema terapéutico en cuanto a oportunidad quirúrgica y orden en que deben resolverse las complicaciones de su enfermedad infecciosa. En este caso se procedió a cirugía vascular, posteriormente esplenectomía y por último cirugía valvular, todas en breve plazo, logrando resolver la patología integralmente y sin complicaciones.

Summary: Infective endocarditis is an infrequent disease, heterogeneous presentation, with high mortality, and frequent indication of heart surgery. We introduce the case of a young woman, with S. caprae infective endocarditis, and multiple preoperative serious emboli. Since she presents at admission with infection in progress, splenic abscess and mitral vegetation with high embolic risk, it poses a therapeutic dilemma regarding surgical opportunity and the order in which the complications should be resolved. In this case we proceeded to vascular surgery, then splenectomy and finally valve surgery, all in a short time, to solve the pathology integrally and without complications.

Resumo: A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença infrequente, de apresentação heterogênea, com alta mortalidade e frequente indicação de cirurgia cardíaca. Apresentamos o caso de uma jovem mulher com endocardite infecciosa a S. caprae e múltiplos êmbolos pré-operatórios graves. Por se apresentar na admissão com infecção em curso, abscesso esplênico e vegetação mitral com alto risco embólico, apresenta um dilema terapêutico em relação à oportunidade cirúrgica e a ordem em que as complicações devem ser resolvidas. Neste caso precedeu à cirurgia vascular, depois à esplenectomia e finalmente à cirurgia valvar, tudo em um curto espaço de tempo, para resolver integralmente a patologia e sem complicações.