RESUMO
Man has benefited from Cannabis sativa thousands of years ago, as much as matter premium as a medicinal, religious or recreational product. Different regulations have slowed down its study from the medicinal point of view. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system has boosted research into the qualities of Cannabis, rich in active molecules. Studies initially in neurological diseases, they have been extended to other systems, being the Digestive a plenty Territory of cannabinoid receptors. While Cannabis is associated with multiple adverse effects, in this review we will focus on the evidence that exists in the treatment of various digestive diseases.
El hombre se ha beneficiado de Cannabis sativa hace miles de años, tanto como materia prima como producto medicinal, religioso o recreativo. Distintas regulaciones han frenado su estudio desde el punto de vista medicinal. El descubrimiento del sistema endocannabinoide ha potenciado la investigación sobre las cualidades de Cannabis, rica en moléculas activas. Estudios inicialmente en enfermedades neurológicas, se han ampliado a otros sistemas, siendo el tracto digestivo un territorio rico en receptores cannabinoides. Si bien Cannabis se asocia a múltiples efectos adversos, en esta revisión nos enfocaremos en la evidencia que existe en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades digestivas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Receptores de Canabinoides/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/terapia , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Receptores de Canabinoides/metabolismo , Endocanabinoides/metabolismo , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The endocannabinoid system participates in the regulation of CNS homeostasis and functions, including neurotransmission, cell signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as neuronal and glial cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Endocannabinoids are produced by multiple cell types within the CNS and their main receptors, CB1 and CB2, are expressed in both neurons and glia. Signaling through these receptors is implicated in the modulation of neuronal and glial alterations in neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, anxiety and depression. The therapeutic potential of endocannabinoid receptors in neurological disease has been hindered by unwelcome side effects of current drugs used to target them; however, due to their extensive expression within the CNS and their involvement in physiological and pathological process in nervous tissue, they are attractive targets for drug development. The present review highlights the potential applications of the endocannabinoid system for the prevention and treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.